{"id":6587,"date":"2026-07-31T13:52:44","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T13:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=6587"},"modified":"2026-07-31T13:52:44","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T13:52:44","slug":"ibrahim-muteferrika-ve-donemine-dair-bazi-gorusler-some-opinions-upon-ibrahim-muteferrika-and-his-era","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/ibrahim-muteferrika-ve-donemine-dair-bazi-gorusler-some-opinions-upon-ibrahim-muteferrika-and-his-era\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika ve d\u00f6nemine dair baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \/ Some opinions upon \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika and his era"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 31.07.2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde, \u201cbir d\u00f6nemin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p bir d\u00f6nemin kapanmas\u0131\u201d ifadesine muhatap olacak az\u0131msanmayacak s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunlardan birinin, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok, 1718\u2019de ba\u015flayan veya ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u2018L\u00e2le Devri\u2019 ile zihinlere kaz\u0131nan bununla birlikte, yine bu d\u00f6nemi, 1730\u2019da Patrona Halil \u0130syan\u0131\u2019yla sona erdirilen 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e2le\u2019nin, sadece saray bah\u00e7eleri ve muhtemelen d\u00f6nemin \u2018kamusal\u2019 denilebilecek baz\u0131 mek\u00e2n ve mevkilerini s\u00fcsleyen nadide bir \u00e7i\u00e7ekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda siyasal denmese bile, toplumsal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alana \u00f6zg\u00fc &nbsp;baz\u0131 alt birimleri yeniden ele alma, hatta de\u011fi\u015ftirme anlam\u0131nda bir s\u00fcrecin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu de\u011fi\u015fimin san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aksine, s\u0131radan ve kendinde bir reform olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00f6ncesinde \u00f6rne\u011fin, bir \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n yani 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan, Karlof\u00e7a Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla (1699) g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kazanan ve bu anlamda, giderek belirgin ve kal\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmekte olan askeri, siyasi ve teritoryal gerilemelere, kay\u0131plara verilen veya verilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir cevap oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reformdan devrime<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ifadeler ve niyetler do\u011fru ise, 1730\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131 devrimin veya bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle bir sosyal devrimin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla, ba\u015flat\u0131lan s\u00fcrecin toplumsal ve ilgili siyasal \u00e7evreler \u00fczerinde ve nezdinde pek de, ikna edici kabul olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya bu \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan makbul bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hatta, bir tehdit olarak alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, akla gelen bir di\u011fer husus, s\u00f6z konusu \u2018gerilemelere\u2019 cevap olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015flanan ve reform olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan giri\u015fimin akamete u\u011framas\u0131nda, bu i\u015fi y\u00fcr\u00fctmekle yetkili olan \u00e7evrelerin ana hedeften sapmalar\u0131na ba\u011flamak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nihayetinde, \u2018L\u00e2le Devri\u2019 hakk\u0131nda genel bir kanaat olarak bug\u00fcne kadar var olan anlay\u0131\u015f, Avrupa\u2019dan ithal mimari yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n merkezinde bulundu\u011fu buna, yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fim \u00fczere kamusal alan\u0131 \u2018L\u00e2le\u2019lerle \u2018ku\u015fatma\u2019 ile devam eden ve yine, kamusal alanlar\u0131n geni\u015flemesine \u00f6rnek olarak, \u2018\u00e7ay\u0131rlar\u2019da ba\u015fg\u00f6steren depdebe misali olgular\u0131n belirli \u00e7evrelerde reform kadar reformdan sapma kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda verilen tepkiler olarak da, alg\u0131lanmaya m\u00fcsait g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde do\u011fup geli\u015fen ve hatta bu s\u00fcrecin \u00f6tesine ta\u015fan \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme olarak \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ele al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, gerek \u015fahs\u0131n\u0131n gerekse yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenilik\u00e7i giri\u015fimin, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7le ne denli irtibatl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmaya de\u011fer bir konudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elbette, bug\u00fcne kadar L\u00e2le Devri ve \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika \u00fczeri, birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve ilintili yaz\u0131lar kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kan\u0131mca, bu s\u00fcreci yeniden ele almam\u0131z\u0131n herhangi bir mahsuru bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00f6nceki \u00fc\u00e7 yaz\u0131n\u0131n bu ba\u011flamda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmeliyim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc yaz\u0131y\u0131, \u00f6nceki \u00fc\u00e7 yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu anlamda, baz\u0131 sorular\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika\u2019n\u0131n yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilen 28 \u00c7elebi Mehmed\u2019in o\u011flu Said A\u011fa ile olan irtibat\u0131ndan m\u00fctevellit, \u00f6rne\u011fin, ni\u00e7in birlikte Paris\u2019e gitmedi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Said A\u011fa ile ili\u015fki \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bir di\u011fer soru, \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika\u2019n\u0131n 1745 (veya 1547)\u2019de vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Said A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n 25 Ekim 1755 ila 1 Nisan 1756 tarihleri d\u00f6neminde k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre de olsa, Vezir-i Azam olsa da yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerini yeniden ni\u00e7in ba\u015flatmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Osman d\u00f6nemine (1754-1757) denk gelen bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki di\u011fer geli\u015fmelerin de etkisi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paris Raporu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baba-o\u011ful, 28 \u00c7elebi Mehmed ve Said A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n \u2018kaleme ald\u0131klar\u0131\u2019 belirtilen \u2018Paris Raporu\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz raporunu, \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika vezir-i azam -ve de, muhtemelen padi\u015fah 3. Ahmed\u2019e sundu\u011fu \u201c<em>Vesilet\u00fc\u2019t-Tiba\u2019<\/em> adl\u0131 k\u0131sa eserine yazarken kullanm\u0131\u015f olabilir mi? &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eayet -baz\u0131 yerlerde zikredildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika bu k\u0131sa eserini, baba-o\u011ful 28 \u00c7elebi Mehmed ve Said A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n Paris gezileri \u00f6ncesinde yazm\u0131\u015f ise, muhtemelen o d\u00f6nem kabul g\u00f6rmemi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n veziriazam ve ard\u0131ndan do\u011fal olarak, padi\u015fah taraf\u0131ndan kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn, Paris Raporu\u2019nun g\u00fcndeme gelmesi sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, kuvvetle muhtemel 28 \u00c7elebi Mehmed ve o\u011flu Said A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli desteklerini alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ba\u011flanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu anlamda, \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika\u2019n\u0131n zaman\u0131n ruhunu takip eden bir ki\u015fi mi yoksa, zaman\u0131n ruhunu bizzat kendisi olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan biri mi oldu\u011fu sorusunu sorabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika\u2019n\u0131n 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, i\u00e7inde s\u00f6zl\u00fckler, tarih, co\u011frafya, teknik gibi alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren 17 farkl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 toplam 23 cilt olacak \u015fekilde yay\u0131nlamas\u0131, kayda de\u011fer bir s\u00fcreci ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu s\u00fcrecin anlaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yine \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferri\u2019kan\u0131n, s\u00f6z konusu bu eserlerin giri\u015flerinde birbirinin ayn\u0131 veya benzeri ifadelerde dile getirdi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u201c&#8230; <em>e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bu bask\u0131 sanat\u0131n\u0131n, kitap yay\u0131m\u0131na, ilmin ihyas\u0131na ve ilim \u00e7evrelerinin memnuniyetine<\/em>&#8230;\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> \u015feklinde dile getirilebilecek yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 toplumunda \u00f6zellikle de, ilim \u00e7evrelerine y\u00f6nelik olduk\u00e7a yenilik\u00e7i y\u00f6n\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika\u2019dan \u00f6nce bask\u0131 tekni\u011fi ve i\u015fini ortaya koyan olmamas\u0131, onun zaman\u0131n ruhunu olu\u015fturmada birincil akt\u00f6r olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00f6neminin ruhunu olu\u015fturmas\u0131 kadar, uzunca bir s\u00fcre bu ruhun s\u00f6n\u00fcp gidi\u015fine ra\u011fmen, Osmanl\u0131 okur-yazar, ilim ve bir k\u0131s\u0131m b\u00fcrokrasi \u00e7evrelerindeki ki\u015filerin ak\u0131llar\u0131nda, bir \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika \u00f6rne\u011fi ve \u00e7abas\u0131 yer etti\u011fini de ileri s\u00fcrebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir reform d\u00f6nemi olarak an\u0131lan \u2018L\u00e2le Devri\u2019 d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flamas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetini bir \u2018k\u00fclt\u00fcr devrimi\u2019 \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak nitelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her ne kadar, \u2018L\u00e2le Devri\u2019nin sonu kar\u015f\u0131 bir devrimle ve d\u00f6nemin padi\u015fah\u0131n\u0131n azli ve kellesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir s\u00fcrece y\u00f6nelmi\u015f olsa da, \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika ayn\u0131 s\u00fcreci \u2018kazas\u0131z atlatmas\u0131\u2019 \u00f6nemli bir tarihi olgu olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda duruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e2le Devri, bu devirin \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrlerinden \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 toplumunda de\u011fi\u015fimin izlerini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde i\u00e7lerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, s\u00fcreklilik arz etmemi\u015f olmalar\u0131 ve bu anlamda, uzunca bir s\u00fcre benzeri geli\u015fmelerin ortaya konulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 reform s\u00fcre\u00e7leri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeniden incelenmeyi hak ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <em>Tarikh-i sayyah dar bayan-i&nbsp; zuhur-i Afghaniyyan ve inhidam-\u0131 dawlat-i Safawiyyan <\/em>(1729), p. ii, sat\u0131r 10-11.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 31.07.2026 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde, \u201cbir d\u00f6nemin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p bir d\u00f6nemin kapanmas\u0131\u201d ifadesine muhatap olacak az\u0131msanmayacak s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku bulunmuyor. Bunlardan birinin, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok, 1718\u2019de ba\u015flayan veya ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u2018L\u00e2le Devri\u2019 ile zihinlere kaz\u0131nan bununla birlikte, yine bu d\u00f6nemi, 1730\u2019da Patrona Halil \u0130syan\u0131\u2019yla sona erdirilen 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem olu\u015fturuyor. L\u00e2le\u2019nin, sadece saray [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6588,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6587"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6587\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6589,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6587\/revisions\/6589"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}