{"id":6415,"date":"2026-04-15T15:26:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T15:26:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=6415"},"modified":"2026-04-15T15:26:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T15:26:06","slug":"macaristan-demokrasi-ve-yenilenme-hungary-democracy-and-renewal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/macaristan-demokrasi-ve-yenilenme-hungary-democracy-and-renewal\/","title":{"rendered":"Macaristan, demokrasi ve yenilenme \/ Hungary, democracy and renewal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 15.04.2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Macaristan\u2019da yap\u0131lan 12 Nisan genel se\u00e7imler, gen\u00e7 siyasi lider Peter Magyar\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu, \u201cSayg\u0131 ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Partisi\u201dnin (<em>Tisza<\/em>), parlamentoda \u00fc\u00e7te ikilik \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kazanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Macaristan se\u00e7imlerinin ortaya koydu\u011fu gayet belirleyici sonu\u00e7, ortada salt bir liderin ve partisinin de\u011fil aksine, \u201cdemokratik muhalefet\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan geni\u015f toplum kesimlerinin, ortak siyasal bilin\u00e7te bulu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak g\u00f6rmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durum, hem Macaristan hem de Avrupa modern siyasi tarihine s\u0131radan bir se\u00e7im ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, demokrasinin yeniden g\u00fcncellenmesi olarak ge\u00e7ece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yeniden de\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fcyeli\u011fine kabul edilen Macaristan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131sa denilebilecek bir zaman diliminden yani 2010\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak \u2018tek parti\u2019 rejimlerini and\u0131ran bir s\u00fcrece evrilmesinin Avrupa i\u00e7in gayet \u00f6nemli \u00f6\u011fretici bir yan\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, AB i\u00e7 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcye \u00fclkedeki \u2018demokratik de\u011ferlerden\u2019 feragatle sonu\u00e7lanabilecek bir y\u00f6nelim seyretmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale edememesi aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konulardan biriydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bununla birlikte, b\u00f6ylesi bir \u2018siyasal sapma\u2019 (<em>political deviation<\/em>) adland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m bir durumdan, yeniden demokrasinin temellerinin i\u015flerli\u011fini ortaya koyan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7le kendini Avrupa-merkezlili\u011fe oturmaya g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde aday olan bir Macaristan bulunuyor kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bir ulus-devlet olarak Macaristan\u2019daki genel se\u00e7imlerin ortaya koydu\u011fu sonu\u00e7, Bat\u0131 toplumlar\u0131nda, Macaristan \u00fczerinden demokrasiyi yeniden de\u011ferlendirmeye ve de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini yeniden anlamaya yol a\u00e7mas\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu geli\u015fmenin, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n veya genelde Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, kendi i\u00e7 dinamiklerinin eseri oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12 Nisan genel se\u00e7imlerinin ard\u0131ndan, Macaristan\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan siyasi manzara, Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131 veya Avrupa Birli\u011fi i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu kadar genel itibar\u0131yla, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in demokrasi olgusunun, kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ve prati\u011finin ne anlama geldi\u011fi ve bu olgunun, kurumsalla\u015fman\u0131n ve prati\u011fin yitirilmesinin nelere yol a\u00e7abilece\u011finin yeniden sorgulanmas\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avrupa bas\u0131n\u0131na g\u00f6z at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Macaristan \u00f6rne\u011fi, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, Avrupa Projesi\u2019nin yeniden g\u00fcncellenmesi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2018\u0130lliberal\u2019 tecr\u00fcbe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu geli\u015fme, \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda son d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 e\u011filimleriyle bizatihi, Bat\u0131 demokrasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve gelene\u011fine darbe anlam\u0131na gelen siyasal ve toplumsal e\u011filimlere g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir cevap niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBu hususlar nedir?\u201d diye soruldu\u011funda, bunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 Macaristan \u00f6rne\u011fi bize, sab\u0131k ba\u015fbakan Viktor Orb\u00e1n ve partisi <em>Fidesz<\/em> y\u00f6netiminin ortaya koydu\u011fu yolsuzluk, &nbsp;kurumlar\u0131n erozyona u\u011framas\u0131 gibi bir demokratik y\u00f6netimden beklenmeyecek temel de\u011ferlerden uzakla\u015fma olarak veriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orb\u00e1n\u2019\u0131n, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda bizatihi kendisinin il\u00e2n etti\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u201cilliberal bir yap\u0131la\u015fma\u201dy\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yolundaki ifadesi dikkate al\u0131nacak olursa, en az\u0131ndan o g\u00fcnden bu yana, Macaristan\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tecr\u00fcbenin, Avrupa demokrasi gelene\u011fiyle ne denli \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi de belirginlik kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6yle ki, \u2018illiberallik\u2019, yine Macaristan \u00f6rne\u011finden hareketle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, \u201cy\u00f6netim g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131ndan azade k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, y\u00f6netim, iktidar ve kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n yerli yerindeli\u011finde ya\u015fanan kapsaml\u0131 sorunlar diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu nedenledir ki, se\u00e7imin galibi Magyar, zafer konu\u015fmas\u0131nda ilgili mekanizmalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunanlar\u0131 bir anlamda, Orban\u2019la ve partisi <em>Fidesz<\/em> ile su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurarak g\u00f6revlerinden istifaya davet etti&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, Avrupa demokrasi gelene\u011finin savunucusu kabul edilen kurumlardan \u00f6rne\u011fin, Avrupa Parlamentosu\u2019nun, 2022 Macaristan raporunda bu \u00fclkeyi \u201cse\u00e7ilmi\u015f otokrasi\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131, Macaristan\u2019da demokratik kurumlar nezdinde gelinen noktay\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gayet \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Avrupa ba\u011flam\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elbette, siyasal ya\u015famda bu olan biteni Avrupa ve genel itibar\u0131yla, Bat\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nihayetinde, Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin ve genelde Bat\u0131 siyasal sitmelerinin kendilerini konu\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131 temel siyasal ideolojik temeller varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, \u201cdemokrasi\u201d kavram\u0131na dayand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bat\u0131, teorik olarak sahip oldu\u011fu demokrasinin, izolasyonist ya da elitist bir de\u011ferler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil aksine, g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ve bu anlamda, s\u0131radan vatanda\u015flara de\u011fin sirayet eden bir etkisinin oldu\u011funu g\u00fcndeme getiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bug\u00fcn, Macaristan\u2019da bu de\u011ferleri kendini \u201cmuhafazak\u00e2r\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayan gen\u00e7 bir siyaset\u00e7i olarak Peter Magyar\u2019\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131nda ve partisinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmas\u0131 ise yine, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 ideolojik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve dengelerinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durum, Macaristan se\u00e7imlerinin sadece, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki bir ulus-devlet\u2019de olan biten periyodik olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen demokrasi rit\u00fceli ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine, olan bitenin b\u00fct\u00fcn bir Avrupa ve hatta, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n siyasal sistemini yeniden anlama ve yorumlama konusunda kafa yormaya, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler g\u00fcndeme getirmeye yol a\u00e7mas\u0131yal gayet \u00f6nemli bir siyasal ve entellekt\u00fcel dinamizmi i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Macaristan\u2019da ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeleri \u00f6rne\u011fin, g\u00fcn\u00fcn moda terimiyle k\u00fcrenin \u201cg\u00fcney\u201d b\u00f6lgesine tekab\u00fcl eden siyasal ve toplumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131yla farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren \u00fclkelerine adapte etmek gayet g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ifade, k\u00fcrenin \u2018g\u00fcney\u2019indeki ulus-devletlerde demokrasinin te\u015fkili, \u015femali, yap\u0131s\u0131 konusunu t\u00fcm\u00fcyle olumsuzlanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak, Macaristan on alt\u0131 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi ve bug\u00fcn geldi\u011fi nokta itibar\u0131yla, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n demokrasi team\u00fclleri, siyasal partilerin ve ideolojik yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n ve genel itibar\u0131yla da, halk kesimlerinin tutumu yans\u0131tmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir Avrupa demokrasi yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplumsal ve siyasal g\u00fcven, istikrar, yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi olgular Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, az\u0131msanmayacak bir tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00fcretti\u011fi de\u011ferler olarak bug\u00fcn kendi i\u00e7 siyasal sisteminde yer buluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fcrenin \u2018g\u00fcney\u2019ine tekab\u00fcl eden b\u00f6lgelerinde ad\u0131na demokrasi denilen ve siyasal rit\u00fcellerin aksine, Avrupa veya Bat\u0131 siyasal yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131nda -yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen- temel parametrelerin i\u015flerli\u011fi zaman zaman akamete u\u011frasa da, ilgili toplumlar\u0131n ve siyasal kurumlar\u0131n kendini yenileme konusunda kayda de\u011fer bir iradesi ve y\u00f6nelimi oldu\u011funu bug\u00fcn, Macaristan \u00f6rne\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018G\u00fcney\u2019in ulus-devletlerinde, ad\u0131na demokrasi prati\u011fi denilen siyasal kurumlar\u0131 ve i\u015fleyi\u015fi periyodik olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen se\u00e7imlere odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda konuyla ilgilenen kesimlerin kahir ekseriyinin bir ku\u015fkusu bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oysa, demokratik yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n ve bu yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu gelene\u011fin, \u2018yasalar merkezli\u2019 ve bu \u2018yasalar\u0131n t\u00fcm fertlere e\u015fit \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131\u2019 gibi genel kriterlerin g\u00fcney\u2019in ilgili toplumlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclememesi, ortada a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, suni bir demokratik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu izlenimi uyand\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve bahsi ge\u00e7en se\u00e7imlerin siyasal parti \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finde ya\u015fanan \u2018enflasyon\u2019 kadar, ilkeler noktas\u0131nda belirsizlik ve bu ilkelerin akamete u\u011frama ihtimalinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, demokrasi prati\u011finden sapmalara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131yla \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Buna il\u00e2ve olarak, ilgili toplumlar\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti taraf\u0131ndan konulan siyasal tavr\u0131n se\u00e7imlerde ilgili \u00fclkeleri siyasi partiler \u00f6zelinde, bir t\u00fcr siyasal \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131ma odaklanmaya sevk etmesi, \u2018b\u00f6l\u00fcnme odakl\u0131\u2019 bir siyasal tecr\u00fcbeyi ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Macaristan\u2019da 12 Nisan se\u00e7imleriyle ba\u015flayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc demokratik tepkinin bu \u00fclke kadar, Avrupa\u2019da ve Bat\u0131\u2019da demokrasi kavram\u0131 ve ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 t\u00fcm kurumsal yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n yeniden ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirmesine yapaca\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131y\u0131 dikkatle izlemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 15.04.2026 Macaristan\u2019da yap\u0131lan 12 Nisan genel se\u00e7imler, gen\u00e7 siyasi lider Peter Magyar\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu, \u201cSayg\u0131 ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Partisi\u201dnin (Tisza), parlamentoda \u00fc\u00e7te ikilik \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kazanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Macaristan se\u00e7imlerinin ortaya koydu\u011fu gayet belirleyici sonu\u00e7, ortada salt bir liderin ve partisinin de\u011fil aksine, \u201cdemokratik muhalefet\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan geni\u015f toplum kesimlerinin, ortak siyasal bilin\u00e7te bulu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6416,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6415"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6415\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6417,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6415\/revisions\/6417"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}