{"id":6264,"date":"2026-01-02T15:14:19","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T15:14:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=6264"},"modified":"2026-01-02T15:14:20","modified_gmt":"2026-01-02T15:14:20","slug":"myanmar-secimler-ve-varolussal-politika-myanmar-elections-and-existantial-politics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/myanmar-secimler-ve-varolussal-politika-myanmar-elections-and-existantial-politics\/","title":{"rendered":"Myanmar, se\u00e7imler ve varolu\u015fsal politika \/ Myanmar, elections and existantial politics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;02.01.2025<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Belirsizliklerle tan\u0131mlanan ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6nemde, ulus-devletlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorgulanmas\u0131, bu s\u00fcrecin i\u00e7eriklerinden ve \u00f6zelliklerinden birini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ulus devletlerin, kendi halklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ilgileri ya da ilgisizlikleri sadece, siyasal anlam\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor. Myanmar \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, varolu\u015fsal bir boyuta de\u011fin uzanan s\u00fcre\u00e7leri i\u00e7eriyor&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Birlik yoksunlu\u011fu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Myanmar\u2019da, son 25 y\u0131l\u0131n geli\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden en sonuncusu olarak ele almak gerekti\u011finde, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 1 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131nda ya\u015fanan askeri darbeden bu yana, \u00fclkenin askeri diktat\u00f6ryal rejimle y\u00f6netiliyor olmas\u0131, neredeyse kan\u0131ksanm\u0131\u015f bir durumu te\u015fkil ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aradan ge\u00e7en d\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan, \u2018yeniden demokratikle\u015fme\u2019 s\u00fcrecinin akamete u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan, aksine belki de, \u00fclkenin gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in var olan t\u00fcm umutlar\u0131nda sona ermesi anlam\u0131na gelmesiyle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0131pk\u0131, di\u011fer G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00fclkeleri gibi \u00e7ok etnikli, \u00e7ok dilli bir \u00fclke olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip olan Myanmar\u2019da, toplumsal birli\u011fi tesis edecek ortak alanlar\u0131n olu\u015fturulamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, egemen bir etnik yap\u0131 olan Bamar\u2019lar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli ve devaml\u0131 olarak g\u00fc\u00e7 tesisinde bulunmalar\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burada bir d\u00fczeltme yapmak gerekirse, aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda Bamar\u2019lar ad\u0131na hareket eden ordunun ve destek\u00e7ilerinin demek daha do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bununla birlikte, 2011-2021 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Bamar-odakl\u0131 yap\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flanan demokratikle\u015fmeye do\u011fru e\u011filimin yeniden ve ciddi bir \u015fekilde akamete u\u011framas\u0131nda, Bamarlar\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekiyor&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Demokrasi dendi\u011finde&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bat\u0131 Avrupa siyasal gelene\u011finin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ba\u011flamlar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 2011-2021 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar, Myanmar\u2019daki tecr\u00fcbenin bu gelenekle ne denli ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu sorgulamaya ra\u011fmen, hem i\u00e7erden ve hem d\u0131\u015fardan g\u00f6zlemciler, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u2018olgunla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019 beklenen demokratik yap\u0131lanman\u0131n, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 1 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131nda maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 darbe 1980\u2019li, 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar tecr\u00fcbesinin bir kez daha tekrarlanmakta oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Silahlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi halk\u0131na \u00e7eviren Tatmadaw\u2019\u0131n, yani Myanmar ordusunun hakimiyetinin s\u0131radan bir g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fimi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Myanmar \u00f6rne\u011finde, \u00e7ok daha net bir \u015fekilde ortaya kondu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6yle ki, 2021 darbesinden bu yana \u00fclkenin sivil sava\u015f\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor olmas\u0131 bug\u00fcn yap\u0131lmakta olan ve ad\u0131na \u2018demokratik\u2019 denilen se\u00e7imin cunta rejiminin kurmacas\u0131 olmaktan \u00f6te bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifadesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu kurmacan\u0131n bir di\u011fer yan\u0131nda ise, say\u0131s\u0131 40\u2019\u0131 bulan siyasi partinin yasaklanmas\u0131, Halk Partisi (People\u2019s Party) gibi birka\u00e7 siyasal yap\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edildi\u011finde, cunta rejiminin destekledi\u011fi Birlik Dayan\u0131\u015fma ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi (<em>Union Solidarity and Development Party<\/em>-USDP) tekelinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir s\u00fcrecin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yeniden \u2018k\u0131r\u0131lgan\u2019 demokrasi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>25 Ocak\u2019ta tamamlanmas\u0131 beklenen ve ilk etap\u0131 28 Aral\u0131k Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flayan genel se\u00e7imler vesilesiyle, bu geli\u015fmenin Myanmar\u2019a ne getirip getirmeyece\u011fi konusu bug\u00fcnlerde yine tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olarak g\u00fcndemde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir \u00f6ncesi se\u00e7imle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sand\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131na gidenlerin oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 52 civar\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ad\u0131na demokrasi denilen siyasal olgunun Myanmar halk\u0131 nezdinde neye tekab\u00fcl etti\u011finin sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ifadesi olarak de\u011ferlendirmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se\u00e7ime kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 2021 darbesi sonras\u0131nda \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan ve bug\u00fcn muhalefeti olu\u015fturan baz\u0131 siyasilerin kurdu\u011fu Ulusal Birlik H\u00fck\u00fcmeti (<em>National Unity Government<\/em>-NUG) yetkililerinin halk\u0131n se\u00e7imleri boykot etmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buldu\u011funu da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dclkenin merkezi \u015fehirlerinde halk\u0131n, \u2018korku\u2019yla sand\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131na gitmek zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekiyor&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bamarlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki etkin yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde cunta rejiminin herhangi bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u2018demokrasi oyunun\u2019da s\u00f6z konusu bu b\u00f6lgelerde, olas\u0131 olumlu bir geli\u015fmeyi beklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durumda, se\u00e7imlerin sadece \u00fclkenin \u00f6zellikle, orta b\u00f6lgelerindeki \u015fehir ve kasabalarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1 \u015eubat 2021 darbesiyle, o d\u00f6nem yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurmaya haz\u0131rlanan, bir d\u00f6nem kendisini Demokrasi Krali\u00e7esi olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m -ya\u015f\u0131 80\u2019a dayanm\u0131\u015f olan- Ang San Suu Kyi\u2019nin \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapis cezas\u0131 devam ederken, ad\u0131na muhalefet denilebilecek yap\u0131n\u0131n hangi lider taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 veya kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 da bir ba\u015fka sorunu te\u015fkil ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durum, 1980\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren, \u00fclke demokrasisinin umudu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan veya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan Suu Kyi\u2019nin, siyaset meydan\u0131ndaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131larak son verilmesi, bug\u00fcn ya\u015fanmakta olan yeniden demokrasi tecr\u00fcbesinin k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f ucunda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2021 darbesinin ard\u0131ndan, k\u00fcresel geli\u015fmeler ekseninde bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 pop\u00fclerli\u011finin de etkisiyle, \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen etnik yap\u0131larla silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye merkezde muhalif konuma itilen sivil unsurlar\u0131n da i\u015ftirak etmelerine tan\u0131k olundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve bu unsurlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Suu Kyi\u2019nin lideri oldu\u011fu Ulusal Demokrasi Birli\u011fi (<em>National League Democracy<\/em>-NLD) mensuplar\u0131 da bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O d\u00f6nem, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurmalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye de tedrici olarak kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 bug\u00fcn ulusal siyaseti yeniden \u2018demokratikle\u015ftirmeye\u2019 y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abada kimin, hangi sosyal gruplar\u0131n, hangi demokratik haklarla m\u00fccadele edip, ne t\u00fcr siyasal taleplerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 ve demokrasi m\u00fccadelesine kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair gayet ciddi sorular\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirilmesine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mevcut rakamlara bak\u0131lacak olursa darbeden bu yana, \u00fclkenin para brimi <em>Kyat<\/em>\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 80 de\u011fer kaybetmi\u015f olmas\u0131, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n gayet \u00f6nemli do\u011fal kaynaklara sahip \u00fclkesinde halk\u0131n ne t\u00fcr bir s\u0131navla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olduklar\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Myanmar\u2019da be\u015f y\u0131l sonra \u00f6nlerine yeniden \u2018sand\u0131k\u2019 konulan Myanmarl\u0131lar\u0131n ne t\u00fcr bir demokratik se\u00e7im yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 sorgulaman\u0131n ne t\u00fcrden bir anlam i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi sorgulanmay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;02.01.2025 Belirsizliklerle tan\u0131mlanan ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6nemde, ulus-devletlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorgulanmas\u0131, bu s\u00fcrecin i\u00e7eriklerinden ve \u00f6zelliklerinden birini olu\u015fturuyor. Ulus devletlerin, kendi halklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ilgileri ya da ilgisizlikleri sadece, siyasal anlam\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131yor. Myanmar \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, varolu\u015fsal bir boyuta de\u011fin uzanan s\u00fcre\u00e7leri i\u00e7eriyor&#8230; Birlik yoksunlu\u011fu Myanmar\u2019da, son 25 y\u0131l\u0131n geli\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden en sonuncusu olarak ele [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-myanmar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6264","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6264"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6264\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6266,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6264\/revisions\/6266"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}