{"id":5733,"date":"2025-03-01T08:30:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-01T08:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5733"},"modified":"2025-03-01T08:30:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-01T08:30:16","slug":"osmanli-malay-calismalari-hakkinda-kisa-bir-deneme-iii-a-short-essay-on-ottoman-malay-studies-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/osmanli-malay-calismalari-hakkinda-kisa-bir-deneme-iii-a-short-essay-on-ottoman-malay-studies-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cOsmanl\u0131-Malay \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d Hakk\u0131nda K\u0131sa Bir Deneme (III) \/ A Short Essay on \u201cOttoman-Malay Studies\u201d (III)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mehmet \u00d6zay 01.03.2025<\/strong>
Osmanl\u0131-Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerine ve de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dair katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f bir dizi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 burada payla\u015fmaya devam ediyorum. Bu yaz\u0131lar, ayn\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan metinler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ay sonunda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m iki yaz\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, bu yaz\u0131da \u2018s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\u2019 d\u00f6nemini ele alaca\u011f\u0131m.
S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Evresi
Bat\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 denizci milletlerin, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l son y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00fcndeme gelmeye ba\u015flayan Hint Okyanusu \u00e7evresinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik faaliyetlerinin, pek \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131yan, k\u00fcresel bir geli\u015fme oldu\u011funu ve bunun etkilerinin bug\u00fcne kadar devam etti\u011fini hat\u0131rlatarak ba\u015flamakta yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik tarihinde, suyollar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nemi vard\u0131r. Her ne kadar, Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 halklar\u0131, Bat\u0131 Avrupa uluslar\u0131 gibi denizci milletler olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131sa da, Avrupa medeniyetinin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferler, insan ve madde alg\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde hegemonya kurmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an maddi olmayan arka pl\u00e2n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, Tak\u0131madalar b\u00f6lgesi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nce, reconquista idealiyle hareket eden Portekizliler ve ard\u0131ndan, \u0130ngiliz ile Hollandal\u0131lar\u0131n Hint Okyanusu\u2019na a\u00e7\u0131lma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri bu konuda kayda de\u011ferdir. Hint Okyanusu, birbirinden farkl\u0131 pek \u00e7ok milleti birbirine ba\u011flamas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eker. Bu geni\u015f suyolu, Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 ve Afrika\u2019y\u0131, Uzak ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu\u2019ya ba\u011flarken, dini, ticari, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fi\u015f-toku\u015flar\u0131n da arac\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Portekizlilerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 insan g\u00fcc\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131n, g\u00f6rece geli\u015fmi\u015f teknolojilerinden \u00f6te sahip olduklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131 insan ve e\u015fyay\u0131 alg\u0131lama bi\u00e7imleri onlar\u0131, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bu okyanusu \u00e7evreleyen ve birer atardamar h\u00fckm\u00fcnde olan ticaret liman \u015fehirleri \u00fczerinde bir egemenlik kurmaya sevk etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Portekizlilerin, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son birka\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019a ula\u015fmalar\u0131yla ba\u015flayan ve y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde sahil \u015feridi boyunca zaten yerle\u015fmi\u015f bulunan ticaret merkezleri \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen askeri varl\u0131klar\u0131yla desteklenen ticari n\u00fcfuz giri\u015fimleri, be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k uzun bir s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. Sadece, Hint ve Malay b\u00f6lgesindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar de\u011fil, di\u011fer din ve milletten gruplar\u0131 da etkileyen bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, Portekizlilerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmesine neden oldu (Reid, 1993: 144-5; Masselman, 1963: 218).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hollandal\u0131lar, 1590\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda, Lizbon liman\u0131 \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen mal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sorunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Avrupa\u2019da Portekiz\u2019in maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi ve ekonomik gerilemesine paralel olarak \u2018ticari bir strateji\u2019 izlemek suretiyle do\u011fu sular\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece, Hollandalar izledikleri ticari strateji ile \u0130ngiltere\u2019den \u00f6nce do\u011fu ticaretinde rol almay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar (van Veen, 2000: 228).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin temellerini anlamak i\u00e7in i\u015fe, Avrupa\u2019dan ba\u015flamak gerekir. O d\u00f6nem itibar\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir yap\u0131 arz etmekten uzak olan ve bug\u00fcn Hollanda ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan topraklar\u0131n, \u0130spanya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda, \u0130ngiltere ile \u0130spanya aras\u0131nda 1588 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan deniz sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngilizlerin kazanmas\u0131yla, Hollandal\u0131lar\u0131n Avrupa\u2019daki \u00e7aresizliklerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engel de bir \u015fekilde ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. B\u00f6ylece, \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndaki egemen g\u00fc\u00e7 \u0130spanyollar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulan Hollandal\u0131lar, Vasgo de Gama\u2019dan yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra, 2 Nisan 1595 tarihinde d\u00f6rt gemi ile do\u011fu denizlerine a\u00e7\u0131larak, uzun s\u00fcredir i\u015fittikleri zenginlikten pay almaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar (Fischer, 1959: 5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngilizler ise, Hollandal\u0131larla yakla\u015f\u0131k ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Hint Okyanusu\u2019ndaki ticaret merkezlerine ula\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, b\u00f6lgedeki ticaret merkezlerinde Hint mallar\u0131n\u0131n talep g\u00f6rmesi Avrupa\u2019ya mal ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n \u00f6tesinde giderek b\u00f6lge i\u00e7i ticaret d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendiren bir boyuta ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Ve b\u00f6ylece \u0130ngilizler, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren, Bat\u0131 Hindistan\u2019da ba\u015fta, Surat olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgedeki liman \u015fehirlerinde ticari faaliyetler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar (Evers, Hornidge, 2006. 7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u00fcrecin devam\u0131nda, \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin Malay topraklar\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131nda, Francis Light\u2019\u0131n Penang Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 1786 y\u0131l\u0131nda hakimiyet alt\u0131na almas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan \u0130ngiliz t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki ticari ya\u015famda belirleyici konuma ta\u015f\u0131yacak ve kontrol alt\u0131na alacak \u015fekilde ticaret kanunlar\u0131, vergiler vb. d\u00fczenlemeleri hayata ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir (Hussin, 2007: 75; Wurtzburg, 1990: 25). Bat\u0131l\u0131 uluslar\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemi, b\u00f6lgenin art\u0131k sadece, Hint Alt K\u0131tas\u0131 ve \u00c7in aras\u0131nda de\u011fil, Hint Okyanusu ile Bat\u0131 Avrupa sahilleri ile 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren, Tak\u0131madalar ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri aras\u0131nda ticari faaliyetin geli\u015ftirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir (Colombijn, 1994: 42-3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupal\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin b\u00f6lgeye gelmesinden \u00f6nce ve sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7leri birbirinden ay\u0131ran unsurlardan ba\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Hint Okyanusu\u2019nu \u00e7evreleyen topraklardaki milletlerin birbirleriyle olan ticari faaliyetlerin, Avrupa \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan uzak bir y\u00f6nelim takip etmesiydi. \u00d6nceki s\u00fcre\u00e7ler \u015fimdilik bir yana, \u00c7in\u2019de Ming Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (1368-1644) erken d\u00f6nemlerinde Cheng Ho liderli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen uzun deniz seferleri Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019ya kadar uzan\u0131rken bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, ayn\u0131 zamanda Hint Okyanusu b\u00f6lgesinde bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l nitelikli, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ticari etkile\u015fimlere konu olmas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyordu. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Avrupal\u0131 denizci milletlerin b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 boyutlarda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle an\u0131lmas\u0131 ise t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgede yeni bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu (Pinto, 2012: xii).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131l ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Japonya fakt\u00f6r\u00fc Yukar\u0131da k\u0131saca dikkat \u00e7ekilen s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemi 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Japonlar\u0131n b\u00f6lgede etkinli\u011fini art\u0131rmas\u0131yla Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 bir ba\u011flama evrildi. Bu noktada, Japon modernle\u015fmesine paralel olarak (Paramore, 2011: 2), Japon imparatorlu\u011funun \u00f6zellikle 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019nun Bat\u0131 sahillerinde ve g\u00fcneye do\u011fru geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu da hat\u0131rlanmaya de\u011fer bir durumdur. 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 veya b\u00f6lgedeki ad\u0131yla Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda Japon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 1942-1945 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgeyi \u2018i\u015fgali\u2019 kadar, b\u00f6lgedeki en az\u0131ndan baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki, -ki burada Endonezya Cumhuriyeti akla gelmektedir- ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketlerine etkisi nedeniyle Malay \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda yeri oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yoktur (Colombijn, 1994: 118-9).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Japon modernle\u015fmesinin \u2018milliyet\u00e7i\u2019 damar\u0131, Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kendini b\u00f6lgenin Bat\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerden temizlenip yerine, Asya uluslar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u0131rakmas\u0131 konusundaki \u00e7abas\u0131yla birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen tarihi ve co\u011frafi alanlar, bug\u00fcn burada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekte oldu\u011fumuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftayda, Hint Alt K\u0131tas\u0131 ve Japonya uzman\u0131 olan hocalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fumuzun kan\u0131t\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcrecinde Endonezya topraklar\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin entelekt\u00fcellerinin Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131\u2019da s\u00f6m\u00fcrge kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile dikkat \u00e7eken iki \u00fclkesi yani, T\u00fcrkiye ve Japonya ile ilgili haberlere yay\u0131n organlar\u0131nda yer vermi\u015flerdir (Hamid, t.y.; 75).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cava topraklar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ve Japonya \u00fczerinden haberlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u015fu veri, \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, Cava\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan baz\u0131 gazetelerde, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in sadece, Asya uluslararas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli ve \u00f6rnek al\u0131nan bir lider oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekilir. Bununla ilgili Bintang Islam\u2019da yer alan bir haberde Japonya\u2019dan bir gazetecinin tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131larak, \u00c7in\u2019in Kansu b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumun genelde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla \u00e7ok nadir ileti\u015fimleri oldu\u011fu ve Mustafa Kemal\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine ula\u015fmas\u0131yla birlik ruhunun meydana geldi\u011fi ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019deki konumlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in bir gayret i\u00e7ine girdiklerine de\u011finiliyor (Hamid, t.y., 91). K\u0131saca dikkat \u00e7ekilen bu ve benzeri geli\u015fmeler, bize Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Japonya\u2019n\u0131n yerinin \u00f6nemine i\u015faret etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek abart\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hint Alt K\u0131tas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tarihin erken d\u00f6nemlerinden itibaren Tak\u0131madalar\u2019\u0131n \u0130slamla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerindeki rol\u00fc, \u00f6te yandan g\u00f6rece ge\u00e7 bir d\u00f6nemde \u00f6rne\u011fin 1904-1905\u2019deki Rus-Japon sava\u015f\u0131nda ve ard\u0131ndan Japonya\u2019n\u0131n Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda b\u00f6lgeyi i\u015fgali ile somutla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, Japonya\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikle m\u00fccadelede bir model olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Melarat, 1932: 4; Colombijn, 1994: 118-9; Ferro, 2017: 168).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Modern D\u00f6neme K\u0131sa Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu geni\u015f co\u011frafya, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler ve k\u00fcresel ekonomi ve siyaset yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndemde olan Asya-Pasifik ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kapsamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin, ad\u0131na \u2018do\u011fu siyaseti\u2019 diyebilece\u011fimiz politikalar\u0131nda b\u00f6lgenin g\u00fcndeme gelmesi, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini ortaya koyan bir ba\u015fka gerek\u00e7eyi te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dikkat \u00e7ekilmesi gereken bir di\u011fer nokta ise, \u2018Osmanl\u0131\u2019 kelimesi ile ilgilidir. Buna g\u00f6re, \u2018Osmanl\u0131\u2019 kelimesinden hareketle Merkez\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sahas\u0131n\u0131n tarihi perspektifle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilirse de, iki co\u011frafya aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkilerin modern d\u00f6nemi de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak isteriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bir \u00fcniversite b\u00fcnyesinde a\u00e7\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131-Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve Uygulamalar\u0131 Merkezi\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, p\u00fcr akademik bir alan\u0131 kapsamakla birlikte, g\u00fcn\u00fcn getirdi\u011fi \u015fartlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ile yukar\u0131da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en co\u011frafyalardaki \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131 yapabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu noktada, teorik ve tarihi perspektiflerin \u00f6nemi kadar, g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun politikalar\u0131n yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na da katk\u0131 yapmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Bu nedenle, bug\u00fcn biraraya geldi\u011fimiz bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftayda, devlet kurumlar\u0131ndan temsilcilerinin bulunmas\u0131 bunun bir i\u015fareti olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu ba\u011flamda, siyaset, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler, ekonomi, e\u011fitim, enerji, turizm gibi temel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u00f6\u00e7, do\u011fal afetler, sivil toplum birlikleri, yerel y\u00f6netimler, \u00e7evre gibi g\u00fcncelli\u011fi ve geli\u015ftirilmeye matuf y\u00f6nlerinin de akademya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirilmeye ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu noktada Merkez\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bu geni\u015f co\u011frafyadaki \u00fclkelerdeki \u00fcniversite, ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131 ile i\u015fbirliklerinin son derece \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, her ne kadar merkezin kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda Malezya\u2019da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u00fcniversite ile anla\u015fma g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f ise de, bu s\u00fcrecin ilgili \u00fclkelerdeki \u00fcniversite ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan yeni i\u015fbirlikleriyle zenginle\u015ftirilmesi bir imk\u00e2n ve zorunluluk arz etmektedir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftay s\u00fcrecince ortaya konulacak tart\u0131\u015fmalarda, hocalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ve b\u00fcrokrasiden gelen k\u0131ymetli kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri \u00e7ekirdek ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Merkezin ad\u0131 ve kapsam\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131yla ilintili oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bu k\u0131sa \u00f6zet, bug\u00fcn burada biraraya gelen siz k\u0131ymetli akademisyenlerimiz, politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar ve ilgili devlet kurumlar\u0131 temsilcilerinin kendi alanlar\u0131nda birikimlerini payla\u015fmalar\u0131, olgun ve interaktif bir tart\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve yak\u0131n ve orta vadeye dair bir projeksiyon sunmas\u0131 hedeflenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kaynaklar<\/strong>
    Colombijn, Freek (1994). Patches of Padang: The History of an Indonesian Town in the Twentieth Century and the Use of Urban Space, Leiden: Research School CNWS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Evers, Hans-Dieter; Hornidge, Anna-Katharina. (2006). \u201cKnowledge Hubs Along the Straits of Malacca\u201d, Working Paper Series, Center for Development Research, Department of Political and Cultural Change (ZEF), Universitat Bonn.
    Ferro, Marc. (2017). S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik Tarihi: Fetihlerden Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Hareketlerine 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131l-20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l, (\u00c7ev.: Muna Cedden), 3. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul: \u0130mge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fischer, Louis. (1959). The Story of Indonesia, New York: Harper&Brothers.
    Hamid, M. A. \u201cOrang Koeat Di Doenia: Toerki Pada Pemandangan Japan\u201d, Bintang Islam, No. 4. Tahoen Ka I, (73-75).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hamid, M. A. Hamid. \u201cGerakan Kaoem Moeslimin di Tiongkok\u201d, Bintang Islam, No. 5, Tahoen I. (91-2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Melarat, Marhaen. (1932). \u201cPemoeda-Pemoeda Indonesia dan Nationalisme\u201d, Fikiran Rakyat, No. 25, (16 December 1932).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Reid, Anthony. (1993). Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce 1450-1680, Volume Two: Expansion and Crisis, Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Masselman, George. (1963). The Cradle of Colonialism, New Haven: Yale University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pinto, Paulo Jorge de Sosa. (2012). The Portuguese and the Straits of Melaka 1575-1619: Power, Trade and Diplomacy, (Tr.: Roopanjali Roy), Singapore: NUS Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Van Veen, Ernst. (2000). Decay or Defeat? -An Inquiry into the Portuguese Decline in Asia 1580-1645, Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mehmet \u00d6zay 01.03.2025Osmanl\u0131-Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerine ve de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dair katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f bir dizi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 burada payla\u015fmaya devam ediyorum. Bu yaz\u0131lar, ayn\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan metinler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ay sonunda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m iki yaz\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, bu yaz\u0131da \u2018s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\u2019 d\u00f6nemini ele alaca\u011f\u0131m.S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik EvresiBat\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 denizci milletlerin, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5733"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5735,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5733\/revisions\/5735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}