{"id":5559,"date":"2024-11-25T06:27:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T06:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5559"},"modified":"2024-11-25T06:27:02","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T06:27:02","slug":"musluman-toplumlar-ve-egitim-muslim-societies-and-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/musluman-toplumlar-ve-egitim-muslim-societies-and-education\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar ve e\u011fitim \/ Muslim societies and education"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 25.11.2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlarda e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ele al\u0131nmas\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ya\u015fanan di\u011fer toplumsal sorunlar\u0131 anlamaya elverecek boyutlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden kast\u0131m\u0131z, ilk, orta e\u011fitim kadar, belki de, daha \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimle ilgili olan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durum, ilk\/erken d\u00f6nem e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin yads\u0131nmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, aksine M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlarda y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimin di\u011fer e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri \u00fczerindeki belirleyicili\u011finden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bunal\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlarda e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin hem, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften tevar\u00fcs eden ve hem de, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan sorunlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunun, s\u0131radan bir iddia de\u011fil, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu alanda -neredeyse, t\u00fcm e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde yer alm\u0131\u015f ve bu anlamda do\u011frudan ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klarla tecr\u00fcbe, aktif kat\u0131l\u0131mlarla ve g\u00f6zlemlerimiz ile yak\u0131n ve uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fck verileri toplama \u00e7abam\u0131za dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeliyim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan devasa sorunlar\u0131n bizi getirdi\u011fi nokta, \u2018bunal\u0131m\u2019 kelimesiyle a\u00e7\u0131klamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu bu \u2018bunal\u0131m\u0131n\u2019 k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemli olmas\u0131ndan bahsedilemiyor maalesef&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aksine, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda -yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere- on y\u0131llar\u0131n ve belki de, birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n birikmi\u015f&nbsp; a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do\u011fu\u2019dan Bat\u0131\u2019ya co\u011frafi yelpazede, son bir y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyetini M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011funa tan\u0131k olunan ulus-devletlerde, e\u011fitim i\u015flerinin bir y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te ne minvalde yol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu ilgili ulus-devletlerin b\u00fcnyelerinde var olan, di\u011fer toplumsal alanlar\u0131n da ne denli sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 geli\u015fti\u011fi ve i\u015fledi\u011fiyle do\u011frudan al\u00e2kal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>K\u00f6kl\u00fc sorunsal ge\u00e7mi\u015f miras\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Temelde, e\u011fitim i\u015flerinin gerek, sorun ve yap\u0131sal durum gerekse, reform ad\u0131 ile an\u0131lacak farkl\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ulus-devletle\u015fmeyle birlikte ba\u015flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6ncesi bir yana, daha 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itiraben, giderek y\u00fckselen s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikle birlikte, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015fmeye konu olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar ile s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilk s\u00fcrecini do\u011frudan s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na girmemi\u015f ancak, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde, tesirini do\u011frudan hissetmi\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlarda, reform \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 Avrupal\u0131larca veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini Bat\u0131 Avrupa sistemine entegre etmi\u015f olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman alim, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, siyaset\u00e7i gibi temsil g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lan ki\u015filer ve gruplarca g\u00fcd\u00fclen bir pl\u00e2n ve programla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc herkesin malumudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ele ge\u00e7irilen \u00f6nemli bir f\u0131rsat -belki de tarihi demek laz\u0131m- kabul edilen ulus-devletle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin hem, ilk ve orta ve hem de \u00f6zellikle, y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimde ortaya koyduklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n, ba\u015far\u0131 veya ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k gibi kategorilerden \u00f6nce ilkeli ve kendinde olup olmama gibi, temel bir sorunu i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k y\u00fcreklilikle dile getirmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ulus-devlet \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc hayali<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ulus-devletle\u015fmenin bu s\u00fcrece etkisinin \u2018olumlu bir \u015fekilde\u2019 belirleyici olaca\u011f\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n, var oldu\u011fu belirtilen ve de inan\u0131lan kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemlerine uygun e\u011fitim modelleri geli\u015ftirecekleri y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin, son bir y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k tecr\u00fcbenin ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00fczere, bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda -niyet olarak hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 g\u00f6zetilebilmekle birlikte, genel itibar\u0131yla teori ve pratikte pek de \u00f6yle olmayan sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u00e7inde m\u00fcfredat, ders materyalleri, s\u0131n\u0131f ve e\u011fitim kurumu olu\u015fumu ve in\u015fas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan teknik ve idari alt yap\u0131, \u00f6te yandan \u00f6\u011frenci, veli, e\u011fitmen, y\u00f6netici vb. gibi insan kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve her bir ulus-devlette ad\u0131na, \u2018Milli\u2019 denilen e\u011fitim bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flerli\u011fine de\u011fin, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya t\u00fcm yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n neredeyse, Bat\u0131 eksenli e\u011fitim paradigmalar\u0131, teorileri ve kavramlar\u0131yla in\u015fa ediliyor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu s\u00fcrecin, y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcrecinin de bundan geri kal\u0131r bir yan\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hatta, y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim insan kaynaklar\u0131, teknik alt yap\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00fcretilmesindeki, e\u011fitim felsefesi ve politikalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcnden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli bir yerde konumlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131la\u015fma<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Temelde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bu yap\u0131y\u0131, \u2018Sistemik Yanl\u0131\u015f Yap\u0131la\u015fma\u2019 olarak kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, e\u011fitimin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kahir eskeriyette oldu\u011fu kimi ulus-devletler i\u00e7in okur-yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirme ile etiketlendirilirken, di\u011fer baz\u0131 ulus-devletler i\u00e7in Bat\u0131 Avrupa veya genel itibar\u0131yla Bat\u0131l\u0131 yani, teknolojik olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle end\u00fcstrile\u015fmi\u015f -bu ba\u011flamda, 1., 2., 3, 4, il\u00e2 ahir end\u00fcstrile\u015fme- s\u00fcre\u00e7leri tecr\u00fcbe eden \u00fclkeler d\u00fczeyine \u00e7\u0131kabilme ile ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burada, iki temel olgu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130lkinde, g\u00f6rece daha naif bir hedef g\u00fcndeme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve ilgili ulus-devletlerin kendi geleneksel ve de bir \u015fekilde, \u0130slami yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131ndan hareket edilerek okur-yazar bir toplum olu\u015fturulabilece\u011fi g\u00fcd\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu tespiti, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyici bir ifade olarak dile getirmiyorum. Tam aksine, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan toplumlarda okur-yazarl\u0131\u011fa tekab\u00fcl eden okuma-yazma ve hesap edebilme yeterliliklerinin dahi kar\u015f\u0131lanamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130kincisi ise, geli\u015fmi\u015flik, teknoloji, end\u00fcstrile\u015fme, bilim gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n uzunca bir s\u00fcredir unuttuklar\u0131 -veya ele al\/a\/mad\u0131klar\u0131 varsay\u0131lan alanlar olup, ulus-devletle\u015fmeyle g\u00fcndemlerine almalar\u0131n\u0131n, kendinde bir \u00e7aba olmaktan ziyade, \u00e7ok\u00e7a s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi etkile\u015fimlerinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6zellikle bunlardan ikincisinin hem, zihniyet hem de, pratik\/uygulama olarak b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bununla s\u00f6ylenmek istenen, e\u011fitimi \u2018teknolojik geli\u015fmi\u015flik\u2019 ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek suretiyle, kendinde var olmayan, -hem maddi hem maddi olmayan, nereydeyse t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131n Bat\u0131\u2019dan ith\u00e2li anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ith\u00e2l i\u015finin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr yanlar\u0131ndan biri, ilgili ulus-devletlerin Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelere \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6nderme projeleri olu\u015ftururken, biraz daha \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde diyelim ki, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler -\u00f6rne\u011fin, UNICEF, UNDP vb. kurumlar\u0131n, e\u011fitimle ilgili birimlerinin, ilgili ulus-devletlerle yap\u0131lan ekonomik i\u015fbirlikleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde e\u011fitimlerini, nas\u0131l pl\u00e2nlay\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcteceklerine dair hiyerar\u015fik, dikteci, didaktik politikalar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu s\u00fcrecin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ise, yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere, halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekresiyetinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011fu ulus-devletlerde ilk-orta d\u00fczey e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini, ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya Bat\u0131l\u0131 normlar, teoriler ve pratiklerle yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u015feklinde olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen iki temel e\u011fitim hedefinin yani ilki, okur-yazarl\u0131k ikincisi, teknolojik ve end\u00fcstriyel geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fe ula\u015ft\u0131racak yap\u0131lanman\u0131n, ilgili ulus-devletleri nereye ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 meselesinin hakk\u0131yla ele al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131yla birlikte de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durum, n\u00fcfusunun kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan toplumlar\u0131n \u2018geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k\u2019 nosyonu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendilerini gelecek diyelim ki, elli, y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrede nerede konumland\u0131rmak istedikleriyle ilgili oldu\u011fu gibi, uzun tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fin bir yerlerinde e\u011fitim olgusundan, ne anlad\u0131klar\u0131 ve e\u011fitimi, hangi toplumsal ko\u015fullar ve hangi maddi olmayan unsurlarla ili\u015fkilendirdikleriyle de ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kan\u0131mca, gelecek elli veya y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrece bakarken belki de, \u00e7ok\u00e7a yak\u0131n ve uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fe e\u011filmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 25.11.2024 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlarda e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ele al\u0131nmas\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ya\u015fanan di\u011fer toplumsal sorunlar\u0131 anlamaya elverecek boyutlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. E\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden kast\u0131m\u0131z, ilk, orta e\u011fitim kadar, belki de, daha \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimle ilgili olan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum, ilk\/erken d\u00f6nem e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin yads\u0131nmas\u0131ndan de\u011fil, aksine M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlarda y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretimin di\u011fer e\u011fitim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri \u00fczerindeki belirleyicili\u011finden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bunal\u0131m M\u00fcsl\u00fcman [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5559"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5561,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5559\/revisions\/5561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}