{"id":5482,"date":"2024-10-06T04:12:08","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T04:12:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5482"},"modified":"2024-10-06T04:15:21","modified_gmt":"2024-10-06T04:15:21","slug":"neden-malay-dunyasi-why-malay-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/neden-malay-dunyasi-why-malay-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Neden Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131? \/ Why Malay world?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            04.10.2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Air dicincang tidak akan putus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSu ne kadar do\u011fran\u0131rsa do\u011frans\u0131n, asla b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel dokusunu ve halklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 en iyi yans\u0131tan Malay atas\u00f6zlerinden biridir. Bu derin anlam, Malay toplumunun, geni\u015f adalar ve okyanuslarla \u00e7evrili olsa da t\u0131pk\u0131 suyun kesintiye u\u011framadan akmas\u0131 gibi birbirine kopmaz ba\u011flarla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu simgeler. Tarih boyunca Hint Okyanusu\u2019ndan Bengal K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne, Sumatra\u2019dan \u00c7in Denizi\u2019ne uzanan bu geni\u015f co\u011frafya, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve din\u00ee s\u00fcreklilikle \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. Her ne kadar fiziksel olarak ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de bu halklar \u00f6zlerinde daima birle\u015fik kalm\u0131\u015f, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyayla olan t\u00fcm etkile\u015fimlerinde derin k\u00f6klerinden beslenerek zenginle\u015fmi\u015f, ancak kimliklerinden asla \u00f6d\u00fcn vermemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan literat\u00fcrde \u201cMalay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u201d olarak ge\u00e7en ya da bizim, \u2018Genel Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019 ad\u0131yla yeniden tan\u0131mlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve i\u00e7inde, t\u00fcm renkleri ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla Malay toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131ran geni\u015f co\u011frafya tarihsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, dini \u00f6zellikleriyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nemli medeniyet havzalar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ancak \u015f\u00f6yle anlatabiliriz; G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak Madagaskar Adas\u0131, Sri Lanka (Ceylon) \u00fczerinden Bengal K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nin do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin Myanmar\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131 sahil \u015feridini i\u00e7eren ve kuzeyi ve g\u00fcneyiyle Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ku\u015fatan Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Sumatra Adalar\u0131 ile G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nin do\u011fusu ve bat\u0131s\u0131 yani, Kambo\u00e7ya, az da olsa Vietnam ile Filipinler Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 ile g\u00fcneyde, Sunda Boza\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sumatra\u2019yla ve G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019yle ke\u015fisti\u011fi noktadan kuzey ve g\u00fcney istikametinde Kalimantan (Borneo)-Sulavesi-Maluku Adalar\u0131 ve Bat\u0131 Papua ile g\u00fcneyde Cava, Bali, Lombok, Timor Leste\u2019ye de\u011fin uzanan Sumbawa Adalar toplulu\u011fu bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisindedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kimi yakla\u015f\u0131mlarla Mikronezya olarak bilinen ve Hawai\u2019ye kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgedeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck adalar bu co\u011frafi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAdalar\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda yer alan bu co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumlar, tarih boyunca geli\u015fimlerini suyollar\u0131 \u00fczerinden kurduklar\u0131 etkile\u015fimlerle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bu etkile\u015fimlerde kuzeyde \u00c7in ve bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Japonya yer al\u0131rken, Bat\u0131\u2019da Hint co\u011frafyas\u0131 geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla do\u011frudan ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fimler kurarak Asya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu ve g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda dinamik k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, toplumsal ve ekonomik yap\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fumunu sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asya\u2019n\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgesinde, kendinde i\u00e7kin bir \u00f6zellik sergileyen k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve medeniyet eksenli etkile\u015fimlerin, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender ile ba\u015flat\u0131labilece\u011fi ve Bat\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilere kap\u0131 aralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Pers topraklar\u0131 ve Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131 \u00fczerinden Hindistan ve \u00c7in ile \u00f6zellikle ticarete ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dif\u00fczyona dayal\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinin, geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda etkilerinin hissedildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Malay kadim yazmalar\u0131nda yer alan \u201c\u0130skandar Zulkarnaiyn<\/em>\u201d (B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender) atf\u0131 bu toplumlar\u0131n ontolojik k\u00f6kenlerini bu k\u00fcresel fig\u00fcre dayand\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n da bir kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun temsil etti\u011fi ve Akdeniz\u2019in de eklendi\u011fi Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131, \u0130ran, Hindistan ve \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki bin y\u0131llar\u0131 bulan ticari faaliyetlerde, Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019ndan gelen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00f6nemli bir yeri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. B\u00f6lgenin zengin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin, \u00c7in ve Hindistan\u2019da biliniyor olmas\u0131 ve bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlere Bat\u0131\u2019da talebin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 Bat\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendiren arac\u0131 bir rol \u00fcstlenmesine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu erken d\u00f6nemlerin ard\u0131ndan, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n bir din olarak Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda ne\u015fet etmesi ve s\u00fcre\u00e7te do\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131na do\u011fru yay\u0131lmas\u0131, geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli etkiler yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da bahsedilen b\u00f6lgeleraras\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, siyasal ve ekonomik ili\u015fkiler bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te devam etmi\u015f, Arap denizci ve t\u00fcccarlar ile \u0130slam\u00ee bilimlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131na mensup hocalar\u0131n, denizci ve t\u00fcccarlar gibi toplum kesimlerinin Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019yla temaslar\u0131 \u0130slamla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin tedrici olarak geli\u015fmesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu temaslarla, Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sahil b\u00f6lgelerinde do\u011frudan kurulan temas ile ba\u015flayan \u0130slamla\u015fma, yerli m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerdeki di\u011fer toplumlara ula\u015fmalar\u0131yla farkl\u0131la\u015fan \u0130slamla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bin y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u00f6zellikle 11. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan  21. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te, geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131 siyasal, ekonomik ve din\u00ee-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir co\u011frafya olarak \u00f6ne  \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fimde \u00e7e\u015fitli milletlerden m\u00fcsl\u00fcman denizci ve t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n \u00c7in-Orta Asya, \u0130ran ve Ortado\u011fu g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131nda kurduklar\u0131  ticaret a\u011flar\u0131 \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kara \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nun alternatifi olarak Hint Okyanusu\u2019na dayanan bu deniz ticareti, Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fini ve kimlik in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen temel dinamiklerden biri  olmu\u015ftur.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz, H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131, Hint Denizi, Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131, Samudra, Cava Denizi ve \u00c7in Denizi g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131ndaki bu deniz ticareti Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tarihsel bulu\u015fma noktalar\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015ftur. Denizlerin farkl\u0131 ulus ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda ba\u011f kurulmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlayan Fernand Braudel\u2019in \u201cThe Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da da Cava ve \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, belki de ondan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemlisi, Hint Okyanusu\u2019nun benzer bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6lge, yeksenak bir toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi sergilememekte, aksine, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli halklar\u0131, sosyal yap\u0131lar\u0131, ya\u015fam \u015fekilleri, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve dinleri i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130slamiyet\u2019in bu unsurlarla ili\u015fkisi ise  belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde, b\u00f6lgeden b\u00f6lgeye farkl\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n siyasal, toplumsal, ekonomik ve din\u00ee-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ne anlama geldi\u011fini, tarihin de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerine g\u00f6re d\u00f6nemle\u015ftirmek suretiyle anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6yle ki, b\u00f6lgenin modern d\u00f6nem \u00f6ncesinin ilk siyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan Kuzey Sumatra\u2019daki Samudra-Pasai ve Malaka\u2019dan Do\u011fu Adalar\u0131\u2019na ve Filipinler\u2019e kadar uzanan irili-ufakl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve birbirine eklemlenmi\u015f site devletleri ile y\u00fcksek modernlik ve post-kolonyal s\u00fcreci, bug\u00fcne kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndaki sultanl\u0131klar \u00f6zelinde de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. A\u00e7e, Deli, Riau, Johor, Patani, Banten, Demak, Mataram, Sulu gibi sultanl\u0131klar, Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n son be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131nda belirleyici siyas\u00ee yap\u0131lar olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sumatra, Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131, Cava, Mindanao vb. Adalar\u2019da hakimiyet s\u00fcren siyas\u00ee yap\u0131lar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n genelde, d\u00fcnya \u00f6zelde de b\u00f6lge tarihi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemi anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 kabul edilen geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131, sahip oldu\u011fu do\u011fal ve ekonomik zenginlikler nedeniyle y\u00fczy\u0131llarca Hint, Arap, Pers, \u00c7in d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve Avrupa devletlerinin g\u00fcndeminde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6nce Endonezya Cumhuriyeti ve onu takiben Malezya Federasyonu ve  Bruney Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n ulus-devletler yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n etirmemizi zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor. Tarihsel geli\u015fmeleri inceledi\u011fimizde, Do\u011fu\u2019da ve Bat\u0131\u2019da \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n iki \u00f6nemli co\u011frafi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alan\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden T\u00fcrk-Malay ili\u015fkilerini, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemine ve belki de Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6nemine kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek ve irdelemek gerekiyor. Zira bu ili\u015fkileri anlamak, yaln\u0131zca Osmanl\u0131 devri ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmamal\u0131; aksine, Sel\u00e7uklu d\u00f6nemi itibar\u0131yla k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015f olan etkile\u015fimlerin izini s\u00fcrmek gereklidir.  Bu ba\u011flamda her iki tarihsel s\u00fcreci kapsayan akademik ve entelekt\u00fcel \u00e7abalar, bizlere tek tarafl\u0131 ve dar bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan ziyade, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fimlere dayal\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu ili\u015fkilere dair akademik bir perspektifle yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, ortada \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir durumun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine bu etkile\u015fimin do\u011fal bir tarihsel ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu rahatl\u0131kla fark edebiliriz.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca \u0130slamiyet\u2019in izinde \u015fekillenen bu karma\u015f\u0131k ve zarif dokusu, sadece ticaretin sessiz gemileriyle de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda inan\u00e7 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez iplikleriyle \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u015eimdi, bu kadim co\u011frafyan\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyadaki yeri, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ve ticaretin modern k\u00fcresel d\u00fczen i\u00e7indeki rol\u00fc nas\u0131l olacak? Malay halklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce deniz yollar\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn karma\u015f\u0131k ve h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fen d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda nas\u0131l yank\u0131lanacak? T\u00fcm bu sorular, yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015fin de\u011fil, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn de b\u00fcy\u00fck meseleleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Belki de cevab\u0131 yine o suyun ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n derin haf\u0131zas\u0131nda bulaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131ymetli katk\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in Alaaddin \u015eahin ve Rabia Ayd\u0131n\u2019a te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Neden Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131?<\/a><\/blockquote>