{"id":5422,"date":"2024-09-07T07:34:21","date_gmt":"2024-09-07T07:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5422"},"modified":"2024-09-07T07:34:22","modified_gmt":"2024-09-07T07:34:22","slug":"halide-edib-adivarda-osmanlidan-yeni-cumhuriyete-hukuk-dusuncesi-halide-edib-adivars-thought-of-law-from-the-ottoman-state-to-the-new-republic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/halide-edib-adivarda-osmanlidan-yeni-cumhuriyete-hukuk-dusuncesi-halide-edib-adivars-thought-of-law-from-the-ottoman-state-to-the-new-republic\/","title":{"rendered":"Halide Edib Ad\u0131var\u2019da Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan Yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019e hukuk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \/ Halide Edib Ad\u0131var\u2019s Thought of Law from the Ottoman State to the New Republic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            07.09.2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halide Edib Ad\u0131var\u2019\u0131n, Yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki hukuk\u2019ta yeniden yap\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 ele al\u0131rken, yak\u0131n ve uzun tarihi perspektiflere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 atf\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olan bitene kar\u015f\u0131, bir t\u00fcr me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131rmaya matuf bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeye aday olsa bile, Halide Edib\u2019in uzun d\u00f6nemli (longue dur\u00e9e<\/em>) yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na k\u0131saca g\u00f6z atmakta yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanzimat\u2019tan Cumhuriyet\u2019e do\u011fru, gayet \u00f6nemli bir \u2018toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim\u2019in oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temelde, Halide Edib\u2019in Tanzimat\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 referans\u0131n, Yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki siyasal ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimlerle ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir ilgisi bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu anlamda, \u00f6zellikle de, \u2018kanunlar\u2019 ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki s\u00fcreci anlat\u0131rken, zorunlu olarak ve bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olarak, Tanzimat\u2019a do\u011frudan g\u00f6ndermelerde bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekte yarar var…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nihayetinde, toplumsal ve siyasal devaml\u0131l\u0131k olgusunun dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131 halinde, ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimleri yerli yerine oturtmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, Halide Edib bunu yaparken, \u2018de\u011fi\u015fim\u2019 s\u00fcrecini sadece, diyelim ki, 3. Selim d\u00f6neminin As\u00e2kir-\u00ee \u015eahanesi\u2019yle, 2. Mahmut\u2019un 1826\u2019da Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kald\u0131rmas\u0131yla, 1839 Tanzimat Ferman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n il\u00e2n\u0131yla vb. ba\u015flatm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da de\u011finece\u011fim \u00fczere, daha gerilere yani, erken y\u00fczy\u0131llara geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yap\u0131yor ve Tanzimat ve ard\u0131ndan, Yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimlere bir t\u00fcr me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halide Edib\u2019in, bunu bilin\u00e7li olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyim…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun temel sebebini, Halide Edib\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini serdetti\u011fi yer ve kitlenin, Hindistan ve Hint k\u00f6kenli M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar olmas\u0131nda aramak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn… Bu bir olas\u0131l\u0131k ve bunun, gayet pragmatik bir \u00f6nemi bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u2019nun, Hindistan ziyaretindeki konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda hitap etti\u011fi kesimin, Osmanl\u0131 diyelim ki, son elli y\u0131l\u0131na ve Yeni Cumhuriyet ilk d\u00f6nemine y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015f\u0131mlara sahip Hint k\u00f6kenli M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar oldu\u011funu unutmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Halide Edib\u2019in, Yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019le birlikte olan biteni aktarmay\u0131 Tanzimat ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmay\u0131p, Osmanl\u0131 erken d\u00f6nemlerine kadar giderek longue dur\u00e9e<\/em> bir perspestif sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6nemin yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir entellekt\u00fcel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 toplumunun son d\u00f6neminde yeti\u015fmi\u015f, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan Cumhuriyet\u2019e evrilen d\u00f6nemin t\u00fcm ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tecr\u00fcbe etmi\u015f ve Yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019in lider kadrosuyla, kaderi \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde birle\u015fmi ve de ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kad\u0131n entellekt\u00fcel…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entellekt\u00fcel diyoruz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n erken d\u00f6neminde edindi\u011fi, \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi bilgiler ile bu bilgiler \u00fczerinden d\u00f6nemin toplumsal hareketleri i\u00e7erisinde yer almas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fananlar\u0131, Hindistan ziyaretinde a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fi \u00fczere, farkl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlara ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 az\u0131msanacak bir geli\u015fme de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Ad\u0131var\u2019 s\u00f6z ad\u0131n\u0131, e\u015fi bilim tarih\u00e7isi Adnan Bey\u2019den alan Halide Edib\u2019i entellekt\u00fcel k\u0131lan bir di\u011fer unsuru, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplum ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini de\u011ferlendirme becerisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve bu de\u011ferlendirme becerisini, gayet \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fczeyde ele\u015ftirel \u00e7er\u00e7evede g\u00fcndeme getirmesinde bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunu yaparken, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemi, \u00f6zellikle de, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ony\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131, Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkler\u2019in (Young Turks<\/em>) edebiyat, gazetecilik ve siyaset \u00fc\u00e7genindeki varl\u0131klar\u0131, \u0130ttihad ve Ter\u00e2kki\u2019nin -darbeyle birlikte- siyasette g\u00fc\u00e7 unsuru olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile geli\u015fen ve 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, Lozan Anla\u015fmas\u0131, \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul-Ankara \u2018Meclisleri\u2019 \u00fczerinden ayr\u0131\u015fma, Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131, Yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulmas\u0131 ve Hil\u00e2fetin ilgas\u0131 vb. s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle birlikte g\u00f6rmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle, \u015funu s\u00f6ylemekte yarar var…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halide Edib\u2019in \u201cConflict East and West in Turkey<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, kimi a\u00e7\u0131lardan Ahmet Emin Yalman, Niyazi Berkes, \u015eerif Mardin -ve hatta, kimi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde Sabri \u00dclgener\u2019in i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 akademik gelene\u011fin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc ve bu gelene\u011fin i\u00e7inde yer alan biri olarak g\u00f6rebilece\u011fimiz hususlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu anlamda, eserin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u00e7eri\u011finde ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve de, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 medeniyeti ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki yeri, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vb. hususlar asl\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za, ya\u015fanan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler ba\u011flam\u0131nda, bir erken d\u00f6nem tarih, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, medeniyet etkile\u015fimlerini cesurca g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yan bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Halide Edib\u2019i \u00f6rne\u011fin, s\u0131radan bir gazeteci veya s\u0131radan bir akademisyen format\u0131nda g\u00f6rmek gayet yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksine, bir entellekt\u00fcel vasfa sahip bir ki\u015fi olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimizde, -yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere- onu \u2018o\u2019cu, \u2018bu\u2019cu kal\u0131plar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirmeden, olan biteni bizatihi tam da, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin de\u011fi\u015fimlerin oda\u011f\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f bir entellekt\u00fcel ferdin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinde anlama \u00e7abas\u0131 \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet biraz uzunca bir giri\u015f oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nday\u0131m…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, Halide Edib\u2019in -\u015fimdilik di\u011fer hususlar bir yana,- Tanzimat\u2019a dair ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fini anlayabilmek i\u00e7in, bu hususlara dikkat \u00e7ekmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanzimat: Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma ya da de\u011fi\u015fime ayak uydurma<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanzimat denilen kapsaml\u0131 reform s\u00fcrecini, Halide Edib d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00f6ncesinde, -Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n sarih bir \u015fekilde ortaya koydu\u011fu \u00fczere- neye tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fini de, bir c\u00fcmle ile hat\u0131rlatmakta yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanzimat\u2019\u0131n, Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma ile paralel giden bir yan\u0131 oldu\u011fu, \u2018medeniyet hareketi\u2019 olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fim bu s\u00fcrecin kurucu akl\u0131 Mustafa Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ngiliz yanl\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu; onun takip\u00e7isi bir anlamda \u2018siyasi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131\u2019 Ali ve Fuad Pa\u015falar\u0131n ise Frans\u0131z cenah\u0131nda yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 ve bu ba\u011flamda, t\u00fcm Tanzimat s\u00fcrecinde b\u00fcrokraside \u00fcst d\u00fczey atamalarda ve de, d\u0131\u015f politikada bu iki Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkesinin \u0130stanbul\u2019daki el\u00e7ilerinin, neredeyse birincil elden s\u00f6z sahibi oldu\u011fu vs. vs. bir d\u00f6nem kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halide Edib, Tanzimat\u2019\u0131n ve bu reform s\u00fcreciyle ortaya konulan hukuk sisteminin epistemolojik temellerini, Frans\u0131z Devrimi ve bu devrimin \u00fcretti\u011fi yeni bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00d6yle ki, Tanzimat \u00f6nderleri Frans\u0131z ceza ve ticaret yasalar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle oldu\u011fu gibi benimsiyor…[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda, burada gayet \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir geli\u015fmenin oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O da, yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere, Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n hukuk kodlar\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 epistemoloji benimsenirken, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 epistemolojik temelden, gayet \u00f6nemli bir kayman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da dini kural, d\u00fczen, yap\u0131 k\u0131sacas\u0131 \u0130slam Hukuku yani, \u015eeriat ile ilgili yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n d\u00f6nemin elitleri aras\u0131nda, \u00f6nemli bir tart\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fan\u0131p ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da sorgulamay\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu epistemolojik de\u011fi\u015fimi\/ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, \u0130slam Hukuku\u2019nun -veya, daha do\u011frusu bunu yorumlayanlar\u0131n- ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki yetersizli\u011fiyle mi yoksa, Osmanl\u0131 \u00f6zelinde, -\u00f6rne\u011fimizden hareket ederek s\u00f6yleyecek olursak hukuk temelinde- \u0130slam epistemolojisinin, Bat\u0131 \u2018sek\u00fcler\u2019 (secular<\/em>) veya Frans\u0131z laik (laic<\/em>) epistemolojisiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu \u2018normal\u2019 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7le mi ve etkile\u015fimle mi anlamland\u0131rmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda, tam da bu noktada, Halide Edib, daha geriye yani, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131la giderek, bir t\u00fcr tarihsel ve de kurumsal bir gerek\u00e7e sunuyor… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n insan-toplum ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenleyen -bildik- vechesine at\u0131fta bulunuyor ve bunun herhangi bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumdaki ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine de\u011finiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, \u2018Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri\u2019nin, \u0130slam hukukunu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir yarg\u0131 kurumuna evirdi\u011fi ve s\u00fcreci bu \u015fekilde y\u00f6netti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, -t\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlarda oldu\u011fu gibi…[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ortaya koydu\u011fu yenili\u011fin, \u0130slam Hukuku\u2019nun -yani, \u015eeriat\u2019\u0131n- Yarat\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, vahiyle ortaya koydu\u011fu forma, insan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve akl\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi yasalar\u0131n yani, Kanun eklemlenmesi oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve ortaya konulan, bu ceza ve ticaret kanunlar\u0131n, sonraki d\u00f6nemlerdeki -\u00f6rne\u011fin, Tanzimat\u2019daki- uygulamalar\u0131n \u2018\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131\u2019 kabul ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve ard\u0131ndan yani, Tanzimat\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelen bu hukuki yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n devam\u0131nda, 1869-1877 s\u00fcrecinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan, Osmanl\u0131 Sivil Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (civil code<\/em>) olu\u015fumuna vurgu yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halide Edib, ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde, -t\u00fcm Osmanl\u0131 \u2018vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan\u2019 ve yap\u0131sal \u00e7er\u00e7evesi itibar\u0131yla Bat\u0131l\u0131 dedi\u011fi bu anayasay\u0131, \u00f6z ve ruh itibar\u0131yla \u2018\u0130slami\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yor.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gayet ilgin\u00e7 bir tespit…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halide Edib, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ilerleterek, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n, \u2018liberal bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daha da \u00f6tesinde bir yakla\u015f\u0131ma sahip oldu\u011funa gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k vurgu yaparak, devletin, inanan bir ki\u015finin -bu ba\u011flamda \u2018m\u00fc\u2019min<\/em> ki\u015finin- i\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerine yani aile, miras vb. m\u00fcdahale etmemesi gerekti\u011fini belirtiyor.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halide Edib\u2019in, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla, millet<\/em> kavram\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r uygulanagelmi\u015f Osmanl\u0131 tecr\u00fcbesini dillendirdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nihayetinde, Tanzimat ve bu s\u00fcrecin nihayete erdi\u011fi 1877\u2019e kadarki d\u00f6nemde hukuki d\u00fczenlemelerin sadece, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumu de\u011fil aksine, gayri-M\u00fcslimlerin de i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgusu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan hukuki yap\u0131la\u015fmada, salt aile kurumu \u00e7er\u00e7evesindeki yasalar\u0131n -1856\u2019dan itibaren, \u0130slami veya dini temele dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer hukuki zeminin ise, din-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 alana ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 hakim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan Yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019e \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri tecr\u00fcbe etmi\u015f bir entellekt\u00fcel olan Halide Edib\u2019in 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda olu\u015fan yeni d\u00f6nemi ve bu yeni d\u00f6nemin hukuki zemini devrimci anlamda yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik me\u015fruiyeti Tanzimat ve onun \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek anlamland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu veya yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yana, Halide Edib\u2019in, gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim vurgusunu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 geli\u015fmelerin dura\u011fan de\u011fil, gayet dinamik bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Halide Edip Ad\u0131var. (1963). Conflict of East and West in Turkey<\/em> (Jamia Millia Extension Lectures, 1935), Reprinted, Lahore: Ashraf Press, s. 109.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> A.g.e., s. 108-9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> A.g.e., s. 109.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> A.g.e., s. 109.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            07.09.2024 Halide Edib Ad\u0131var\u2019\u0131n, Yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki hukuk\u2019ta yeniden yap\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 ele al\u0131rken, yak\u0131n ve uzun tarihi perspektiflere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 atf\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Olan bitene kar\u015f\u0131, bir t\u00fcr me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131rmaya matuf bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeye aday olsa bile, Halide Edib\u2019in uzun d\u00f6nemli (longue dur\u00e9e) yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na k\u0131saca g\u00f6z atmakta yarar var. Toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5423,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5422"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5424,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5422\/revisions\/5424"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}