{"id":5330,"date":"2024-07-18T12:30:53","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T12:30:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5330"},"modified":"2024-07-18T12:30:54","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T12:30:54","slug":"cinde-reform-soylemi-reformist-discourse-in-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/cinde-reform-soylemi-reformist-discourse-in-china\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7in\u2019de reform s\u00f6ylemi \/ Reformist discourse in China"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18.07.2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fcresel geli\u015fmeler \u00c7in\u2019i nas\u0131l etkiliyor? Bu \u00f6nemli bir soru&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7in gibi, son on y\u0131llar\u0131n k\u00fcresel g\u00fcc\u00fc olma yolunda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar atan ve bu anlamda, elde etti\u011fi ekonomik -ve de siyasal- ba\u015far\u0131lar gayet \u00f6nemli olan bir \u00fclke var kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peki \u00c7in, bu geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecini, ayn\u0131 zamanda reformlarla da etkinle\u015ftirebiliyor mu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer baz\u0131 g\u00f6zlemciler gibi bu soruyu g\u00fcndeme getirmemize yol a\u00e7an, Kom\u00fcnist Parti\u2019nin 22.si d\u00fczenlenen ve hafta ba\u015f\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar devam eden genel kurul (<em>third plenary session<\/em>) toplant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu toplant\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019in gelecek be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n pl\u00e2nlanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen sosyal, do\u011fal ve siyasal ko\u015fullarda \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, t\u00fcm bunlara ayak uydurman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplant\u0131n\u0131n ilk verilerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yenilenme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hangi alanlarda yenilenme sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 sorusuna verilen cevaplara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za sanki bunlar\u0131 \u2018zaten biliyorduk\u2019 hissi uyand\u0131r\u0131cak hususlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, e\u011fitim, teknolojiye yat\u0131r\u0131m, belirli sekt\u00f6rlere daha fazla kaynak aktar\u0131m\u0131, \u015fehir-k\u0131r ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 daraltmak, kurumsal reformlar vs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peki hedefte ne var diye soruldu\u011funda, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za, kom\u00fcnist partisi y\u00f6netimince \u201c\u00c7in sosyalizminin geli\u015ftirilmesi\u201d veya bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle \u201c\u00c7in tarz\u0131 sosyalizmle modernle\u015fme\u201d cevab\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Temellere bakmak gerekti\u011finde, \u00c7in\u2019in \u2018a\u00e7\u0131k kap\u0131 politikas\u0131\u2019 (<em>open-door policy<\/em>) olarak bilinen s\u00fcre\u00e7le ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak, bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcrecin ba\u015f\u0131nda, ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019e yak\u0131nla\u015fma politikas\u0131n\u0131n mimarlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen Henry Kissinger\u2019\u0131n, 1970\u2019lerde \u00c7in liderlerinin kula\u011f\u0131na f\u0131s\u0131ldad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek verebiliriz. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu nedenle, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti, \u00f6rne\u011fin So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n siyasal ve askeri rekabet anlam\u0131nda donuk ancak, di\u011fer alanlarda \u00f6rne\u011fin ekonomik kalk\u0131nma, toplumun -g\u00f6rece- geni\u015f kesimlerine refah sa\u011flayan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar, kapsaml\u0131 e\u011fitim vb. alanlarda reformdan uzak bir y\u00f6nelim sergileyen Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (SSCB) hatas\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sovyetler ve \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda, de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullar vs.\u2019den ziyade, bizatihi bir zihniyet de\u011fi\u015fiminin oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 role tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Asl\u0131nda, yukar\u0131da sordu\u011fum soru da, bununla do\u011frudan irtibatl\u0131. Yani, \u00c7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 pl\u00e2nlarken, acaba hangi reformlar\u0131 neye g\u00f6re yapacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130deoloji ve ekonomik performans<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verisini dile getirerek ne s\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fimizi ortaya koyal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu k\u00fcresel kurulu\u015fun ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019in aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda sekiz y\u00fcz (800) milyon ki\u015finin ekonomik geli\u015fmeden yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bug\u00fcn n\u00fcfusu 1.5 milyara yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nacak olursa \u00c7in\u2019de, toplumun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan bir ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme performans\u0131 sergilendi\u011fi ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peki, \u00c7in siyasal rejimini olu\u015fturan kom\u00fcnist ideolojiyi, benzer \u015fekilde ekonomisinin de temelleri olarak al\u0131p s\u00fcrd\u00fcrseydi, bug\u00fcn geldi\u011fi noktaya ula\u015fabilir miydi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunu asl\u0131nda, eksperimental olarak SSCB ve aralar\u0131nda, Arap \u00fclkelerinin de bulundu\u011fu kom\u00fcnist blok i\u00e7erisindeki uydu \u00fclkeler de ortaya koymu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu siyasi yap\u0131n\u0131n geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131, di\u011ferleri bir yana, Rusya ve \u00f6rne\u011fin, ilgili Arap \u00fclkelerinin bug\u00fcn i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 durum ortada&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evet, Rusya siyasi ve askeri olarak ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmakla kalm\u0131yor, Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 tehdit boyutunda gayet \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve bunu toplumun geni\u015f kesimlerine ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve hatta, bunu ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere yayma konusunda \u00c7in\u2019in ortaya koydu\u011fu \u2018ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131\u2019 sergileyemiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7in, h\u0131z keser mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kimi \u00e7evreler, \u00c7in\u2019in elde etti\u011fi bu ekonomik modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin, daha ne kadar devam edece\u011fini sorarak gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k, \u00c7in\u2019in bir s\u00fcre sonra h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n kesilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Buna k\u0131smen kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Kald\u0131 ki, son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k veriler, \u00c7in\u2019in reel rakamlar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gerileme evresine girdi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7in\u2019in, yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki kom\u015fusu Japonya\u2019da ve Bat\u0131\u2019da da, benzeri s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin ya\u015fan\u0131yor olmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frusal bir benzerlik olarak al\u0131p al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak, \u00f6zellikle son otuz, k\u0131rk y\u0131l\u0131n bize g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bir \u00c7in deyenimi de ortada duruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, bu h\u0131z kesmenin \u00c7in\u2019in olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kom\u00fcnist-kapitalist eklekti\u011finden mi kaynaklanaca\u011f\u0131 yoksa, ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6rlerin mi i\u015fin i\u00e7ine kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da hesaba katmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O da, kom\u00fcnist ideolojinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na, ekonomik gerekliliklerde kapitalist sistemi harekete ge\u00e7irerek b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7in tarz\u0131 modernle\u015fme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7in\u2019in ortaya koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu ekonomik kalk\u0131nma ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131 ise, kom\u00fcnist siyasal rejimine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ve de bir milyar\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n n\u00fcfusu idare kapasitesi sergileyerek bug\u00fcne kadar gelmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, bu olan biten asl\u0131nda, bir \u201c\u00c7in tarz\u0131 modernle\u015fmedir\u201d&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, bu ya\u015fanan s\u00fcreci \u00f6rne\u011fin, Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 yakalama ad\u0131na salt bir modernle\u015fme olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunun \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek, medeniyet boyutunda de\u011ferlendirerek, \u201cinsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n medeniyet kurma \u00e7abalar\u0131nda, yeni bir model\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor ve de lanse ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu, gayet iddial\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Medeniyet yans\u0131mas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eayet ortada bir medeniyet olgusu varsa, herhalde durup bunun \u00fczerinde uzun boylu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi gerekenlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, halk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan \u00fclkeler gelmeli&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma, \u00f6rne\u011fin, \u00c7in\u2019le ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirme noktas\u0131nda s\u0131raya girmi\u015f ve aralar\u0131nda, halk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olan \u00fclkeler de dahil olmak \u00fczere nas\u0131l bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verecekleri merak konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7in\u2019le ili\u015fkileri sadece, bu \u00fclkenin vars\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan pay alma yani, pragmatik olarak m\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyorlar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yoksa, Bat\u0131\u2019yla zaten sorunlu olan \u2018medeniyet\u2019 problemine bir alternatif olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp \u2018kom\u00fcnist de olsa\u2019, \u00c7in\u2019in olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018yeni medeniyet evreni\u2019 i\u00e7erisinde yer almaya m\u0131 ba\u015flayacaklar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, Bat\u0131 medeniyeti kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, bir Do\u011fu\u2019lu olmakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u2018bizden\u2019 kabul edilebilecek, yeni bir medeniyet in\u015fac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015fine mi tak\u0131n\u0131lacak? \u00c7in\u2019de ya\u015fanmakta olan ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme s\u00fcrecinin, \u00f6zellikle kom\u00fcnist ideolojiye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak devam ettirilip ettirilmemesi hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, \u00c7in siyasi elitinin ad\u0131na reform denilen s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirip ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyece\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18.07.2024 K\u00fcresel geli\u015fmeler \u00c7in\u2019i nas\u0131l etkiliyor? Bu \u00f6nemli bir soru&#8230; \u00c7in gibi, son on y\u0131llar\u0131n k\u00fcresel g\u00fcc\u00fc olma yolunda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar atan ve bu anlamda, elde etti\u011fi ekonomik -ve de siyasal- ba\u015far\u0131lar gayet \u00f6nemli olan bir \u00fclke var kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda. Peki \u00c7in, bu geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecini, ayn\u0131 zamanda reformlarla da etkinle\u015ftirebiliyor mu? T\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cin","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5330"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5332,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5330\/revisions\/5332"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}