{"id":5254,"date":"2024-05-29T06:01:20","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T06:01:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5254"},"modified":"2024-05-29T06:01:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T06:01:21","slug":"bir-tarihi-donemecin-izinde-constantinople-osmanlilar-ve-malaka-in-the-footsteps-of-a-historical-turning-point-constantinople-the-ottomans-and-malacca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/bir-tarihi-donemecin-izinde-constantinople-osmanlilar-ve-malaka-in-the-footsteps-of-a-historical-turning-point-constantinople-the-ottomans-and-malacca\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir Tarihi d\u00f6nemecin izinde: Constantinople, Osmanl\u0131lar ve Malaka \/ In the footsteps of a historical turning point: Constantinople, the Ottomans and Malacca"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            29.05.2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn, yani 29 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc sadece, Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk toplumu i\u00e7in de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de gayet \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcn…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 medeniyetinin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyet ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olan Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Do\u011fu\u2019da uzant\u0131s\u0131 ve Roma\u2019y\u0131, Do\u011fu\u2019da temsil g\u00fcc\u00fcne eri\u015fmi\u015f olan Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fkenti Constantinople\u2019\u0131n 2. Mehmet taraf\u0131ndan fethinin 571. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fetih s\u00fcrecini, dini kaynaklar ba\u011flam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klama y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iradenin tarihsel \u00f6nemi oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, Constantinople\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nce \u0130slambol ve ard\u0131ndan, \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi yani, bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u015fehri haline gelmesinin \u00f6ncesindeki ve sonras\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler de, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu tarihi an kadar gayet \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada, \u00f6nce \u0130slamla\u015fmayla birlikte Arap yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve ard\u0131ndan, Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya k\u0131saca bakmakta yarar var..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beylik-devlet s\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir O\u011fuz-Kay\u0131 toplulu\u011fu unsuru olarak, bir \u2018beylik\u2019 (principality<\/em>) -kimi ifadelerle \u00f6zellikle, Arap\u00e7a kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmayla \u2018emirlik\u2019 (amirate<\/em>) d\u00fczeyinden, teritoryal ve kurumsal olarak bir devlet ve k\u00fcresel egemen g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelmesinde, -biz \u2018imparatorluk\u2019 (empire<\/em>) kelimesini kullanm\u0131yoruz ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da, Osmanl\u0131 siyasal epistemolojisiyle (political epistemology<\/em>) bizzat \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fini iddia ediyoruz-, sahip oldu\u011fu karakteristiklerden biri yani, m\u00fccadeleci yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yap\u0131n\u0131n, Ortaasya\u2019daki kl\u00e2sik ve kadim T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir devam\u0131 olmas\u0131 ile \u00f6zellikle, sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flayarak, T\u00fcrk toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fmas\u0131yla kendini, yeni bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet evrenine evirmesi ikinci karakteristi\u011fi olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yap\u0131, \u00f6zellikle B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu ve Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu yap\u0131s\u0131yla, Bat\u0131 Asya yani, Afganistan\u2019\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131 ile Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n neredeyse, t\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ine alan co\u011frafi geni\u015flemecili\u011finin ard\u0131ndan, O\u011fuz-Kay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan Osmanl\u0131 ailesinin, t\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer aileler gibi, Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131nda edindi\u011fi tarihsel yeri, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yap\u0131la\u015fma sergilemesiyle yeni bir boyuta evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emevi Araplar\u0131, Akdeniz ve denizcilik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey-bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019dan ba\u015flayan ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinin \u00f6ncesinde Balkanlara yo\u011funla\u015fan yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu tarihi ve co\u011frafi yap\u0131la\u015fma, Arap Emevi Devleti\u2019nin Avrupa ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nemli kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emevileri olu\u015fturan Arap unsurlar\u0131n, yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131 ile sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te, genel itibar\u0131yla Arap toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal varl\u0131k alanlar\u0131 olan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak Fas\u2019a kadar olan co\u011frafyada, -aralar\u0131nda Bedeviler (Bedouin<\/em>) denilen da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe yap\u0131lar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde- bir anlamda, kendinde ve do\u011fal bir yayg\u0131nla\u015fma sergilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Denizle ba\u011f\u0131, \u0130slam \u00f6ncesine dayanan Arap toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n, Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6zellikle, Adalar \u00fczerinde kurdu\u011fu hakimiyeti, bu tarihsel ger\u00e7eklik ile a\u00e7\u0131klamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Denizci Osmanl\u0131lar!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n ise, yine tarihsel ve geleneksel olarak, s\u00fcrekli kara toplumu ve devleti olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor olan T\u00fcrklerin devam\u0131 olarak, Kuzey-bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karasal niteli\u011findeki belirleyicilik her daim \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her ne kadar, ad\u0131na uzman diyebilece\u011fimiz Hocalar\u0131m\u0131z, Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 bir \u2018denizci imparatorluk\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rsalar da, bunda gayet \u00f6nemli \u2018a\u00e7\u0131klar ve zaafiyetler\u2019 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek ve anlamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla T\u00fcrk unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 kastediyor ve bize \u00c7aka Bey\u2019i misal veriyorlarsa, o zaman a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 d\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn denizci millet oldu\u011funu iddia etmek te o kadar kolayla\u015f\u0131r!….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya da, d\u00f6nemin gere\u011fi olarak varl\u0131k s\u00fcren, yar\u0131 otonom (semi-autonomous<\/em>) yap\u0131lar olarak Kuzey Afrikal\u0131 korsanl\u0131ktan kapudanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6nme denizci unsurlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya aksettirdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemsel ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 kastediyorlarsa, di\u011fer denizci milletlerin uzun d\u00f6nemli (longue dur\u00e8e<\/em>) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla k\u0131yaslama g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyecek a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 oldu\u011fu da ortadad\u0131r…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elbette, kimilerinin benzeri konularda kolayc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ka\u00e7arak s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u201cGe\u00e7elim efendim bunlar\u0131… Bunlar, mevzu bahis dahi olamaz!\u201d demiyoruz. Ancak, b\u00f6ylesi bir tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yarar\u0131na ku\u015fku olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131saca hat\u0131rlatmak istiyoruz…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hangi \u2018H\u0131ristiyan\u2019 Avrupa?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinin Avrupa toplumlar\u0131nda do\u011furdu\u011fu tesirleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 biliyoruz…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, bunun salt bir dini fenomenden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yani, \u0130stanbul\u2019un bir -Ortodoks- H\u0131ristiyan \u015fehri \u00f6zelli\u011fini bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kald\u0131 ki, Avrupa H\u0131ristiyan toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u2018mezhepsel\u2019 ayr\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir \u015fehir olarak Constantinople\u2019\u0131n, Katolikli\u011fin ve\/ya Protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011fil, \u00f6ncelikle ve bizatihi, \u2018Ortodokslu\u011fun\u2019 merkezi oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, sanki Avrupa co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 ve toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 yek-v\u00fccud, mono-H\u0131ristiyan (mono-Christian<\/em>) bir yap\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rme e\u011filimleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya da, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, Avrupa H\u0131ristiyan tarihi bize, Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 monolitik bir H\u0131ristiyan co\u011frafyas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015fmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 genel itibar\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren geli\u015fme, \u0130stanbul ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131s\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi Bat\u0131 tarihinin ve geleneklerinin yani, Hellen ve Yunan (Greek<\/em>) kadim varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Temelde, Anadolu\u2019nun Bat\u0131-Hellen ve Yunan ile Pers-Hint d\u00fcnyas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ge\u00e7i\u015f ve ta\u015f\u0131nma noktas\u0131 oldu\u011funu da hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buradan, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinin Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kimi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde ilintili oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek bir di\u011fer boyutuyla yani, Hint Okyanusu ve Malay D\u00fcnyas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hint Okyanusu dedi\u011fimizde \u00f6zellikle, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunda kalan Hint Alt K\u0131tas\u0131 ile Bat\u0131 Pasifik\u2019te Tak\u0131madalar co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 yani, geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 kastetti\u011fimizi ifade edelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk dikkat \u00e7ekilmesi gereken husus, Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n on, on bir, on ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131llardan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nacak olursa, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u2018merkezi\u2019 niteli\u011findeki Hicaz\u2019la ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n gayet uzun d\u00f6nemli bir boyuta sahip oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, b\u00f6lgenin -T\u00fcrk tarih kitaplar\u0131nda yer almasa da- Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinin tarihinde kayda de\u011fer bir yeri olan Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki Samudra-Pasai\u2019nin onikinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flatabilece\u011fimize imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan veriler ve on\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve ond\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki somut k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, siyasal geli\u015fmeler, b\u00f6lgenin geni\u015f \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki yeri kadar, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6rne\u011fin Hint ve \u00c7in d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla ili\u015fkileriyle dikkat \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada, cevap aranmakta olan birka\u00e7 soruyu g\u00fcndeme getirebiliriz: \u0130lki, \u201cSamudra-Pasai, Meml\u00fckl\u00fc Devleti\u2019yle ne t\u00fcrden ili\u015fkilere sahipti?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6yle ya, 1510\u2019lu y\u0131llara kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015f olan Samudra-Pasai\u2019nin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n \u2018merkezi\u2019 ile ili\u015fkileri olmas\u0131 beklenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, Samudra-Pasai, 1453\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethine y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir tepki vermi\u015f midir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6rebildi\u011fim belgelerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, Osmanl\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bu soruya bir cevap vermiyor… Ne de, Samudra-Pasai ve\/ya ilintili kaynaklar bir \u015fey s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mitoloji(k) ger\u00e7ek!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda devletle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde yer alan bir di\u011fer yap\u0131 yani, Malaka Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda (1411-1511), \u0130stanbul\u2019un al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilen bir boyut dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar tarihsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi somut olarak kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f, salt edebi \u2013 mitolojik bir fig\u00fcr olarak g\u00fcndemde yer alan Hang Tua\u2019n\u0131n uzun deniz yolculu\u011funun ard\u0131ndan, \u0130stanbul\u2019a varm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 zihinlerde gayet olumlu bir imaj\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuhaf olan, bu olumlu imaj\u0131n s\u0131radan halk, kahvehane m\u00fcdavimleri vb. \u00e7evrelerde de\u011fil, akademi \u00e7evrelerinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmas\u0131 gayet \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evet, mitolojinin tarihe ve sosyolojiye kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgular vard\u0131r…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, Malaka Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan bir \u2018kahraman\u2019\u0131n uzun bir deniz yolculu\u011funu kat ederek, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethine \u2018destek\u2019 vb. y\u00f6nl\u00fc s\u00f6ylemler gayet \u00e7ocuksu kal\u0131yor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sosyolojik ifade etmek gerekirse, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve benzerlerini, bir t\u00fcr a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k kompleksinin (inferiority complex<\/em>) yans\u0131malar\u0131 kabul etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendimle \u00e7eli\u015fmeme ad\u0131na, \u015funu da s\u00f6yleyeyim. Evet, neredeyse t\u00fcm Adalar\u2019\u0131n sahil \u015feritlerinde ya\u015fam s\u00fcren Malay toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n denizciliklerine ku\u015fku yok…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle, bunlar aras\u0131nda mesel\u00e2, Bugis, Riau, A\u00e7e gibi b\u00f6lgelerdeki toplumlar\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131 denizcilikleri de tarihsel verilerle ortada…  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, Hang Tua\u2019n\u0131n tarihsel somut ki\u015fili\u011fi olup olmamas\u0131 bir yana, onbe\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda denizci Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, Hint Okyanusu gibi geni\u015f ve derin bir suyolunu katetme s\u00fcrecine dair elimizde bir veri bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu hususu, yukar\u0131da gizli a\u00e7\u0131k olarak Samudra-Pasai \u00f6rne\u011finde dile getirdim…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hakk\u0131n\u0131 verelim, Hang Tua\u2019n\u0131n tarihsel bir fig\u00fcr olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fim s\u00f6ylemin \u2018safsata\u2019dan ibaret oldu\u011funu dile getiren, gayet donan\u0131ml\u0131 tarih\u00e7i hocalar da var. \u00c7ok \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dini referanslar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethine getirdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ortada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bu tarihsel geli\u015fmenin, medeniyet etkile\u015fimleri \u00fczerine etkisi de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu etkile\u015fimin bir yandan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n Avrupa H\u0131ristiyan toplumlar\u0131yla, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetiyle etkile\u015fimi kadar, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n birbirleriyle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama ve bir anlamda k\u00fcresel bir tesir ortaya koyma noktas\u0131nda da \u00f6nemi bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethi \u00f6zelinde, tarihsel ger\u00e7eklikler \u00fczerinde yeniden ve \u00f6zenle durulmas\u0131 gereken gayet dikkat \u00e7ekici hususlar oldu\u011funu da ku\u015fku bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            29.05.2024 Bug\u00fcn, yani 29 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc sadece, Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk toplumu i\u00e7in de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de gayet \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcn… Bat\u0131 medeniyetinin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyet ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olan Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Do\u011fu\u2019da uzant\u0131s\u0131 ve Roma\u2019y\u0131, Do\u011fu\u2019da temsil g\u00fcc\u00fcne eri\u015fmi\u015f olan Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fkenti Constantinople\u2019\u0131n 2. Mehmet taraf\u0131ndan fethinin 571. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc… Fetih s\u00fcrecini, dini kaynaklar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5255,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5254"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5256,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5254\/revisions\/5256"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}