{"id":5238,"date":"2024-05-19T13:53:45","date_gmt":"2024-05-19T13:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5238"},"modified":"2024-05-19T13:55:55","modified_gmt":"2024-05-19T13:55:55","slug":"osmanlida-reform-surecinin-zorlugu-mustafa-resid-pasa-the-difficulty-of-the-reform-process-in-the-ottoman-state-mustafa-resid-pasha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/osmanlida-reform-surecinin-zorlugu-mustafa-resid-pasa-the-difficulty-of-the-reform-process-in-the-ottoman-state-mustafa-resid-pasha\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131\u2019da reform s\u00fcrecinin zorlu\u011fu: Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa \/ The difficulty of the reform process in the Ottoman State: Re\u015fid Pasha"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            19.05.2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da reform s\u00fcrecinin zorlu\u011funu herhalde, s\u00fcrecin mimar\u0131 Mustafa Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa \u00fczerinden okumak gayet ilgin\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da reform denildi\u011finde akla, genel itibar\u0131yla Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 (1839) ve devam\u0131 mahiyetindeki Ishalat Ferman\u0131 (1856) gelir. Yabanc\u0131lara da bu \u00f6\u011fretilir…  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ad\u0131na, \u2018reform\u2019 denilen olgudan hareket edilecek olursa, burada gayet temel bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6yle ki, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da kurumsal de\u011fi\u015fimlerin g\u00fcndeme getirilmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda, reform s\u00fcrecinin erken d\u00f6nemlerde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her ne kadar, bu d\u00f6nemlerdeki reform e\u011filimlerinin ortak y\u00f6n\u00fc, \u2018askeriye kurumu\u2019 merkezli olsa da, en az\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 saray \u00e7evresinde b\u00fcrokrasisinde, -burada askeri b\u00fcrokrasi olarak anlamak gerekir- ad\u0131na \u2018reform\u2019 denilen olgunun yer etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer baz\u0131 alanlarda oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la y\u00f6nelik a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 e\u011filim bizatihi ele\u015ftirilmeyi hak ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fim \u00fczere, \u2018yabanc\u0131lara \u00f6\u011fretilen bu hususta yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir. Bunu \u015fimdilik, bir hat\u0131rlatma olarak g\u00fcndeme getiriyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cevdet Pa\u015fa: iyi bir g\u00f6zlemci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce Cevdet Pa\u015fa okumalar\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik, baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftim. Bu hususa devam etmekte fayda var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nihayetinde, Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Tezakir<\/em>\u2019lerinin ilklerini, Tanzimat ile bu d\u00f6nemin akt\u00f6rlerine ay\u0131rmas\u0131 hem, onun nazar\u0131nda hem de, t\u00fcm 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l -ve k\u0131smen 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki- reform \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru okunabilmesine olanak tan\u0131maya imk\u00e2n veriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n, akt\u00f6rlerine yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken bu d\u00f6nemde, \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan fig\u00fcr -yine onun nazar\u0131nda Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r. Cevdet Pa\u015fa, \u2018Mustafa\u2019 \u00f6n ismini kullanm\u0131yor ve k\u0131saca Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa diyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akt\u00f6r: Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n, Harici naz\u0131r\u0131, el\u00e7ilik derken ard\u0131ndan, Sadaret\u2019e kadar \u00e7\u0131kan Mustafa Re\u015fid \u00fczerinde bu denli durmas\u0131nda onun, Tanzimat\u2019\u0131n mimar\u0131 olmas\u0131 kadar, Tanzimat s\u00fcrecini y\u00f6netme konusunda di\u011fer devlet erkan\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha \u2018profesyonel\u2019 davranmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tezakir<\/em>lerin alt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131ndaki ifadelerden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yeni bir politika yap\u0131c\u0131 unsur olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Tanzimat de\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda, \u201ccan ve mal emniyetinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda kamuya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmete<\/em>\u201d[1]<\/a> y\u00f6nelik vurgu birbirini destekler mahiyettedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buradan Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik, sadece Cevdet Pa\u015fa nezdinde de\u011fil, Osmanl\u0131 kamuoyunda da -ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcdedir s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7-, \u201ccan ve mal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d meselesinden hareketle olumlu bir intiba\u0131n has\u0131l oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politika yap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise M\u0131s\u0131r sorununda ortaya koymu\u015ftur…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r sorunu: merkezde \u2018bek-g\u00f6r\u2019 politikac\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha Tanzimat s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren, Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa ile birlikte M\u0131s\u0131r bir sorun olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken, bu sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc konusunda Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7evrelerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerdeki rol\u00fcyle yani, diplomasi usl\u00fcbuyla, Bab-\u0131 Ali\u2019de di\u011ferleri nezdinde h\u00fcsn\u00fc kabul g\u00f6rmesi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, yani, M\u0131s\u0131r sorununun halline y\u00f6nelik \u00f6ncelik ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n rol\u00fc ile onun Tanzimat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6ncelik \u2013 sonral\u0131k ili\u015fkisi kuran rakipleri, M\u0131s\u0131r sorununun hallini beklemeleri, genel itibar\u0131yla Tanzimat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin asl\u0131nda merkezde, pek de yer etmedi\u011finin i\u015faretidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkezdeki bu durum kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ta\u015fra\u2019da edinilmi\u015f memuriyetlerde -\u00f6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki, kraldan \u00e7ok kral\u00e7\u0131 kesilenlerin de Tanzimat\u2019\u0131n d\u00fczenlemelerinden ho\u015fnut olmad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski d\u00fczen-yeni d\u00fczen: Nerede Maqas\u0131d al Shar?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkez ve \u00e7evrede, Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik tepkilerdeki ortakl\u0131k, reform denilen s\u00fcrecin, yeni bir \u2018d\u00fczene\u2019 tekab\u00fcl etmesiyle, \u2018eski d\u00fczen\u2019 yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekinikliklerini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada durup \u015fu soruyu sormakta yarar var: Osmanl\u0131 sisteminde \u015ferikat ile \u00f6rf (sivil) ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer alan hukuki yap\u0131ya ra\u011fmen, \u00f6rne\u011fin, \u015feriat\u2019in hedefleri (maqas\u0131d al shar\u2019<\/em>) gibi gayet belirli prensiplerinin bile uygulamadan azade oldu\u011funu dair bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Yan\u0131l\u0131yor muyum?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam da burada, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlarda reformcular ile gelenekselciler aras\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 zeminine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u2018geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 \u0130slami prensiplerden uzakla\u015fmaya ba\u011flayanlar ile, Osmanl\u0131 sistemini m\u00fckemmelliyet\u00e7ilikle anma konusunda yar\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n durup d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilecekleri gayet \u00f6nemli bir alan\u0131n oldu\u011funu zannediyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu hususu burada \u015fimdilik burada kesiyorum…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa: Zik zak!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6zdesi diyebilece\u011fimiz Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n, bizatihi kendi bireysel tarihinin bile, Osmanl\u0131 reform s\u00fcrecinin ne \u015fekilde bir yap\u0131lanma sergiledi\u011fini anlama konusunda bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct niteli\u011finde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fim \u00fczere, merkezde ondan hazzetmeyenlerin \u00e7abas\u0131yla Hariciye, Edirne Valili\u011fi\u2019ne atanmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecin ilk basama\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Pa\u015fa, bu atamay\u0131 reddederken, belki de, \u00e7ok arzu etti\u011fi bir Avrupa ba\u015fkentine yani, Paris\u2019e el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Onun ard\u0131ndan Tanzimat s\u00fcrecinin pek de y\u00f6netilememesi onun sadarete atanmas\u0131 gibi, yeni bir s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7en g\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131da yer verdi\u011fim, \u201c… Bu devrin ricali g\u00fczel \u00f6m\u00fcr ge\u00e7irdiler. Ho\u015f ge\u00e7indiler. Pek \u00e7ok irad ve akar edindiler..<\/em>.\u201d[2]<\/a> yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tam da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f… Tanzimat\u2019la ilgili kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler yerine, bir\u015feyler yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n kurumsal s\u00fcrece yans\u0131yan beceriksizli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, kendi hal ve ehvallerini gayet geli\u015ftirme konusunda becerikli olduklar\u0131 ortada…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lgin\u00e7tir, Tanzimat\u0131n mimar\u0131 Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, hem de gayet \u2018onurlu\u2019 ve kurumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ra\u011fmen, Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ifadesiyle \u201c… evvelki salabet ve rasanet kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>\u201d…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki, bunu nas\u0131l anlamam\u0131z gerekiyor?…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa b\u00fcrokratik, politik karizmas\u0131ndan fire mi vermi\u015ftir?…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa ba\u015fkentinde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi y\u0131llar ona yaramam\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r? Yoksa, d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde buldu\u011fu b\u00fcrokratik ortama adapte olma konusunda c\u00f6mertlik mi etmi\u015ftir? Bu husus, gayet ilgin\u00e7 bir sorgulama gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cevdet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n incelikli ele\u015ftirisini o da hak etmi\u015f: \u201c… Sadrazam oldu\u011fu halde o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015flere muvaffak olamad\u0131. O dahi ali binalar yapmak ve irad ve akar edinmek hevesine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc<\/em>…\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nceki yaz\u0131da hitap etti\u011fim, \u2018\u00dcstad\u0131m\u2019a bu geli\u015fmeyi aktarsayd\u0131m: \u201c\u00dcstad\u2019\u0131m, sen ne dersin bu i\u015fe?\u201d diye sorard\u0131m herhalde!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa bununla da kalmam\u0131\u015f… \u201c… O\u011flu Ali Galip Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u2019a damak etmek i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlara ve harem-a\u011falar\u0131na m\u00fcdahane eder oldu…\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanzimat\u2019\u0131n mimar\u0131n\u0131n yani, Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kamusal alana, b\u00fcrokrasiye, kurumsalla\u015fmaya nizam intizam verme \u00e7abas\u0131ndan geriye bunlar kald\u0131ysa, hak o dur ki, Tanzimat Osmanl\u0131\u2019da sisteme pek de vaziyet verememi\u015f demektir.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tek kelimeyle burada s\u00f6ylenmesi gereken, Tanzimat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k demek ki onu ba\u015flatana yaram\u0131\u015f, \u00fcmmete pek hayr\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f!…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vazge\u00e7ilmezlik mi niteliksizlik mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi burada, bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli s\u00fcreci ortaya koymakta yarar var. K\u0131smen yukar\u0131da ge\u00e7mi\u015fti…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O da Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n hali p\u00fcr mel\u00e2li…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcrokraside var olan kay\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131k, histeri halini alm\u0131\u015f olan ayak oyunlar\u0131ndan Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ikinci kez nasibini almas\u0131 1864\u2019e rastl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seraskerlik makam\u0131ndaki Damat Said Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n giri\u015fimleriyle yerinden olan Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa, bir s\u00fcre sonra yeniden Sadaret\u2019e getiriliyor. Bu onun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez sadareti g\u00f6rmesi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcre\u00e7 bitmiyor… Aksine, ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir \u015fekilde devam ediyor… Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa bir daha azl edilip, 1.5 ay sonra yeniden Sadaret\u2019e atan\u0131yor… Ve ard\u0131ndan, bir s\u00fcre sonra yeniden azl ya\u015f\u0131yor Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda, Tanzimat\u2019\u0131n mimar\u0131 ve be\u015f azl g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa var…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 sisteminin, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011finden ba\u015flayarak, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme ne kadar aday oldu\u011fu sorusuna verilebilecek sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 cevaplar\u0131n pek de kolay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eayet, Tanzimat ve Islahat \u00fczerinden devlete ve topluma nizam ve intizam vermek hedeflenmi\u015f ise, bunu salt bir akt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7abas\u0131yla ortaya koymak ve\/ya ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fini varsaymak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki rol\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131n, hem kendi bireysel tutumlar\u0131n\u0131n hem de onu y\u00f6netem \u00fcst yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli a\u00e7mazlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olduklar\u0131n\u0131 Cevdet Pa\u015fa gizli a\u00e7\u0131k ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Cevdet Pa\u015fa. (1953). Tezakir<\/em> (1-12), (Yay\u0131nlayan: Cavid Baysun),  Ankara: T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, p. 8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> Cevdet Pa\u015fa. (1953). Tezakir<\/em> (1-12), p. 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Cevdet Pa\u015fa. (1953). Tezakir<\/em> (1-12), p. 10.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            19.05.2024 Osmanl\u0131\u2019da reform s\u00fcrecinin zorlu\u011funu herhalde, s\u00fcrecin mimar\u0131 Mustafa Re\u015fid Pa\u015fa \u00fczerinden okumak gayet ilgin\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131\u2019da reform denildi\u011finde akla, genel itibar\u0131yla Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 (1839) ve devam\u0131 mahiyetindeki Ishalat Ferman\u0131 (1856) gelir. Yabanc\u0131lara da bu \u00f6\u011fretilir…   Ad\u0131na, \u2018reform\u2019 denilen olgudan hareket edilecek olursa, burada gayet temel bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r. \u00d6yle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5238"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5238\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5242,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5238\/revisions\/5242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}