{"id":5210,"date":"2024-05-01T12:48:03","date_gmt":"2024-05-01T12:48:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5210"},"modified":"2024-05-01T12:48:04","modified_gmt":"2024-05-01T12:48:04","slug":"1-mayis-toplumsal-degisim-ve-marxist-teori-1-may-social-change-and-marxist-theory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/1-mayis-toplumsal-degisim-ve-marxist-teori-1-may-social-change-and-marxist-theory\/","title":{"rendered":"1 May\u0131s, toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim ve Marxist teori \/ 1 May, social change and Marxist theory"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 01.05.2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ad\u0131na \u2018i\u015f\u00e7i\u2019 denilen gruplar\u0131n kendilerini ifade etmelerinin sembolik yollar\u0131ndan biri olarak, May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcne verilen \u2018i\u015f\u00e7i bayram\u0131\u2019 (<em>labour day<\/em>) ismi, yerelli\u011fin ve b\u00f6lgeselli\u011fin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, k\u00fcresel bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ma konu olmas\u0131yla \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i kitlelerinin k\u00fcresel temsilli\u011fi meselesi, t\u0131pk\u0131 benzeri olgular da oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, \u2018imgelem\u2019 (<em>imaginative<\/em>) d\u00fczeyinde bir ba\u011flama oturuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u2018i\u015f\u00e7i bayram\u0131\u2019 olarak k\u00fcresel ba\u011flamda g\u00fcndeme gelmesinde, Bat\u0131 Avrupa toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 ve siyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc\/devam\u0131 olan Marksist teorinin do\u011frudan bir yans\u0131mayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Alman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve sosyologu Karl Marx\u2019\u0131n mimar\u0131 oldu\u011fu bu felsefi ve sosyolojik temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi, Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n modernle\u015fmesinin ve bu s\u00fcrece temel te\u015fkil eden veya bu s\u00fcreci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fczeyinde yap\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131ran Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marx\u2019\u0131n, toplumu anlama ve anlamland\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131nda diyalektik metoda ba\u015fvurarak, ni\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren; i\u015f\u00e7i\/burjuvazi-kapitalist ikiliklerine ba\u015fvurdu\u011funa k\u0131saca de\u011finmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00f6ylece, Marx\u2019\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu teorik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kendinde bir anlam\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131labilecektir. Bu hususa a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da k\u0131smen devam edece\u011fim\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Toplumsal yap\u0131 ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marx\u2019\u0131n sosyal teorisinde vurgunun toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimle ilgili olmas\u0131 bu anlamda toplamsal yap\u0131 ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim olgular\u0131na de\u011finilmeyi gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplumlar\u0131n kurulu\u015f ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015flerine dair tarihin de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde getirilen a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte olan biteni anlama kadar, ya\u015fan\u0131lan d\u00f6neme ve bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde gelece\u011fe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutma konusunda bize, kavramsal ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel d\u00fczeyde yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu kurulu\u015f ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015flerde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, siyasal, dini, ekonomi, askeri yap\u0131lar\u0131n birbirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ya da i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00f6zellikleriyle, toplumlar\u0131n ve\/ya devletlerin kurulu\u015f ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini izah etmede i\u015flerlikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu anlamda, insan ve toplum \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen zihinlerin, toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimin dinami\u011fi olarak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, siyasal ideolojiyi, dini, ekonomiyi ve askeri yap\u0131y\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmeleri kadar, adlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 olmakla birlikte, gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k bu unsurlara i\u00e7kin olan s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle de\u011fi\u015fimleri tan\u0131mlama ve anlamland\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131 tarihsel bir s\u00fcreklilik arz eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu \u00e7oklu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kadar, toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimi tekil ba\u011flamda izah etme \u00e7abas\u0131, olduk\u00e7a genellemeci bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak kabul edilerek, toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimi indirgemeci (<em>reductionist<\/em>) bir ba\u011flamda anlama ve anlatma idddias\u0131na konu oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biraz daha ileri giderek s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimin birbirine benzer ve\/ya birbirinden ayr\u0131\u015fan ve farkl\u0131la\u015fan unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir kombinezon, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesi gibi bir ele\u015ftiriyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, g\u00fcndeme getirilmesi gereken soru \u015fudur: \u201cO zaman, ni\u00e7in tarihin de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler, \u00f6rne\u011fin, Karl Marx gibi tekil a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir e\u011filim sergilemi\u015flerdir?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunun en temel nedeni, toplum denilen soyut b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc anlama ve bu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, kurulu\u015f ve de\u011fi\u015fim ba\u011flamlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcne hakk\u0131n\u0131 vererek a\u00e7\u0131klama konusunda, insan zihninin ve \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n kayda de\u011fer bir s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ba\u011flamdan hareketle, Marx\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 sadece, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmakla kalmayan, i\u00e7erden ve d\u0131\u015fardan gelen ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015f\u0131mlarla evrilerek, bug\u00fcne kadar ad\u0131 ve teorisi g\u00fcndemde yer i\u015fgal eden ve\/ya farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m ve teorilere kaynakl\u0131k etmek suretiyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marx\u2019\u0131n, diyalektik kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na d\u00f6necek olursak\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bug\u00fcn \u2018i\u015f\u00e7i\u2019 kavram\u0131, ideolojik ve sosyolojik zeminde ortaya koyan isim yani, Karl Marx\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemiyle ili\u015fkilendirilen bir \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplumu s\u0131n\u0131flar ba\u011flam\u0131nda analiz etmenin bir arac\u0131 olarak ve bu anlamda, \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan dayanak noktas\u0131 olarak i\u015f\/\u00e7i kavram\u0131 temelinde ortaya konulan bu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n, belirli bir kitle ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu kitlenin yani i\u015f\u00e7i kitlesinin, daha kapsaml\u0131 bir sistemin yani, ad\u0131na kapitalizmin (<em>capitalism<\/em>) denilen ekonomik sistemin unsuru olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, bu sisteme dair bir ilgi ve al\u00e2kay\u0131 ortaya koymada kavramsal bir ara\u00e7 i\u015flevi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, i\u015f, i\u015f\u00e7i, i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131 kavramlar\u0131ndan hareket ederek, ekonomi ve toplum ili\u015fkileri gibi daha geni\u015f alanlara do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m sergileyen bir boyutla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuzu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018\u0130\u015f\u00e7i bayram\u0131\u2019 \u00f6zeli ve bu g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde ortaya konulan anlat\u0131lar, \u00e7abalar, eylemler bize salt bir toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, kurumu, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlamakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan aksine, bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilen toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fime dair gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k bir vurgu ve bu de\u011fi\u015fime dair bir ba\u015fvuru arac\u0131 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durum, iki temel hususla yani, \u2018toplumsal\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak\u2019 ve \u2018toplumsal olan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek\u2019 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuza i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burada toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimin nas\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na girmeye gerek yok\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, aradan ge\u00e7en -en az\u0131ndan- y\u00fcz elli y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n tecr\u00fcbelerde, her daim toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fime y\u00f6nelik bir talebin oldu\u011funu ortaya konulurken, bunun y\u00f6ntemlerinin ne olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi de bir o kadar ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, Anthony Giddens\u2019\u0131n dile getirdi\u011fi \u00fczere 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131, Marxist toplum teorisinin de i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu sosyal teorilerin g\u00fcncellenmesi ve hatta bunun, \u2018rakidal\u2019 bir ba\u011flamda yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ayd\u0131nlanma \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marx\u2019\u0131n, sosyolojik kurumlardan biri olan ekonomi kurumunun \u2018canl\u0131\u2019 bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck arz etmesine yol a\u00e7an ve ad\u0131na \u2018i\u015f\u00e7i\u2019 denilen kitleler ile \u2018i\u015fveren\u2019 denilen \u00e7evreler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiye dair yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin yani, Ayd\u0131nlanma sonras\u0131 veya ona e\u015flik eden 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Bat\u0131 Avrupa toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fiminin izah\u0131na y\u00f6neliktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, \u00f6zellikle end\u00fcstri devriminin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fini hat\u0131rlatmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marx\u2019\u0131n, i\u015f\/\u00e7i kavram\u0131 veya bu kavramdan hareketle g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi ilintili kavramlar zinciriyle, toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimi a\u00e7\u0131klama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131, mensubu oldu\u011fu, -geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla ifade etmek gerekirse- k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131la\u015fmayla yani, Ayd\u0131nlanma ile ili\u015fkili olarak ele almak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, Ayd\u0131nlanma, tek tek felsefi, edebi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 kadar, bunlar\u0131n biri veya birka\u00e7\u0131ndan hareketle veya bunlar\u0131n birle\u015fimiyle, toplumsal kurumlar\u0131n olu\u015fumunu ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc pratik ve g\u00fcncel ili\u015fkiler ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele alabilmeyi olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, insan\u0131, toplumu, maddi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 vb. anlamaya elveren felsefi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile bunun hem, \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi ve hem de, bunlar\u0131n bizatihi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fu bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlardan ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Modern durum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki s\u00f6ylemin devam\u0131 olarak, burada Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019y\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde ad\u0131na modernite denilen olguya vurgu yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, modernite, Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da yeni bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemati\u011fi olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, yine Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n toplumsal ve siyasal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerinin bir toplam\u0131 olmas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fanan bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemati\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme ve b\u00f6ylece olan biteni a\u00e7\u0131klamada, di\u011fer sosyal felsefeciler kadar, Marx\u2019\u0131n da katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marx\u2019\u0131n sosyal teorisinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bir s\u0131n\u0131f te\u015fkil etmesi, modern end\u00fcstrile\u015fmi\u015f toplumlar\u0131n yap\u0131sal \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu s\u0131n\u0131f yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan isimlerin aras\u0131nda Marx\u2019\u0131n olmas\u0131, bir rastlant\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, onu s\u0131n\u0131f veya benzeri kavramlar\u0131 ele alan di\u011fer isimlerden ay\u0131ran temel noktalar\u0131n oldu\u011fu da biliniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu hususta, Marx\u2019\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 vurgusu kadar, belki bundan \u00f6nce, modern d\u00f6nemi tan\u0131mlamada ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ekonomi kurumu ili\u015fkilerine a\u00e7\u0131klama getirmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2018s\u0131n\u0131f temelli\u2019 yap\u0131la\u015fma, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, birden fazla s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, literat\u00fcrde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle ad\u0131na \u015fehirli (<em>bourgeouisie<\/em>) veya kapitalist denilen \u2018kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u2019 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, modern d\u00f6nemdeki ekonomi ili\u015fkilerini a\u00e7\u0131klamada ara\u00e7sall\u0131\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>End\u00fcstri toplumu yeni bir toplumsal system olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken, bu toplumu \u015fekillendiren temel dinamikler olarak ikili s\u0131n\u0131f yap\u0131s\u0131 yani i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve kapitalist s\u0131n\u0131f kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve ilgili t\u00fcm izahlar\u0131 ile Marx\u2019\u0131n Bat\u0131 Avrupa toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimlerine y\u00f6nelik izah\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru de\u011ferlendirmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 01.05.2024 Ad\u0131na \u2018i\u015f\u00e7i\u2019 denilen gruplar\u0131n kendilerini ifade etmelerinin sembolik yollar\u0131ndan biri olarak, May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcne verilen \u2018i\u015f\u00e7i bayram\u0131\u2019 (labour day) ismi, yerelli\u011fin ve b\u00f6lgeselli\u011fin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, k\u00fcresel bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ma konu olmas\u0131yla \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kitlelerinin k\u00fcresel temsilli\u011fi meselesi, t\u0131pk\u0131 benzeri olgular da oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, \u2018imgelem\u2019 (imaginative) d\u00fczeyinde bir ba\u011flama oturuyor. May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5210"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5212,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5210\/revisions\/5212"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}