{"id":5188,"date":"2024-04-14T13:55:47","date_gmt":"2024-04-14T13:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5188"},"modified":"2024-04-14T13:55:48","modified_gmt":"2024-04-14T13:55:48","slug":"reform-ve-diriliscilik-cabasi-ile-kalkinmacilik-uzerine-on-developmentalism-with-the-effort-of-reform-and-revivalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/reform-ve-diriliscilik-cabasi-ile-kalkinmacilik-uzerine-on-developmentalism-with-the-effort-of-reform-and-revivalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Reform ve dirili\u015f\u00e7ilik \u00e7abas\u0131 ile kalk\u0131nmac\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerine \/ On developmentalism with the effort of reform and revivalism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 14.04.2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 meselesinde \u2018reform\u2019 (<em>reform<\/em>) ve \u2018kalk\u0131nma\u2019 (<em>development<\/em>), iki temel parametre olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda duruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6zellikle, \u2018\u0130slami kalk\u0131nma\u2019 denildi\u011finde akla, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, ekonomik kalk\u0131nma geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bununla birlikte, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ko\u015fullarda, ekonominin hangi alan\u0131ndaki faaliyetlerle kalk\u0131nman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi sorusuna cevab\u0131n, olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u2018\u0130slam ekonomisi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer alan, bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir noktaya gelindi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reform ve kalk\u0131nma<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lk duruma yani, reform olgusuna bakacak olursak, -\u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131llar bir yana-, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fartlar\u0131nda ad\u0131na, reform\/asyon (<em>reform\/ation<\/em>) denilen ve daha \u00e7ok dini yani, \u0130slam\u0131 i\u00e7erden de\u011fi\u015ftirme, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme ve var olan Bat\u0131l\u0131 standartlar \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde adapte etme vb. \u00e7abas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek bir duruma tekab\u00fcl ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu s\u00fcrecin belirleyici olan akt\u00f6rleri, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, alimler ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, ad\u0131na \u2018yeniden dirili\u015f\u00e7ilik\u2019 veya \u2018dirili\u015f\u00e7ilik\u2019 (<em>revivalism<\/em>) denilebilecek bir olgunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 bir anlamda, \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n reform \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 niteli\u011findeydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En az\u0131ndan b\u00f6ylesi bir intiba uyand\u0131r\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki \u2018reform\u2019 \u00e7abas\u0131, yeni durumda, akademi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce merkezleri olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim ile \u00e7ok\u00e7a, edebiyat ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00e7evrelerinde yani, sivil olu\u015fumun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7evrelerce devam ettiriliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Islami\/ekonomik kalk\u0131nma!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelen ve gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k, \u201c\u0130slami kalk\u0131nma\u201d da olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek olgu, ulus-devletlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na paralel oldu\u011fu gibi, genel itibar\u0131yla \u201cekonomik kalk\u0131nmac\u0131l\u0131k\u201d temas\u0131 ve de vurgusu ba\u011flam\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kahir ekseriyetini te\u015fkil etti\u011fi, tek tek ulus devletlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, kalk\u0131nma konusunda yeni s\u00f6ylemlerin g\u00fcndeme gelmesine yok a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, s\u00fcrecin, ulus-devlet merkezli (<em>nation-state-centric<\/em>) bir ba\u011flama oturmas\u0131yla, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirleyicilik, devlet mekanizmasi veya b\u00fcrokrasisi elinde somutla\u015fmaya ve geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemekte yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018\u0130slami\u2019 kavram\u0131 \u00f6zellikle ve de \u0131srarla kullan\u0131lmasa da, halk\u0131n kahir ekseriyetinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011fu toplumlarda ortaya konulan kalk\u0131nma hamlelerinin, gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumu var oldu\u011fu ekonominin alt skalalar\u0131ndan kurtaracak bir fenomenle ili\u015fkilili\u011fi belirgindir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cA\u011f\u0131r sanayi\u201d temas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcndeme getirilen kavramlar aras\u0131nda, kalk\u0131nma ba\u015fat ve \u00fczerinde konsensuse var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir olgu olarak dikkat \u00e7ekerken, belirleyici odak, \u201ca\u011f\u0131r sanayi hamlesi\u201d vurgusuyla ortaya konuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1970\u2019lerin \u201ca\u011f\u0131r sanayi hamlesi\u201d s\u00f6ylemiyle ak\u0131llarda yer eden s\u00fcre\u00e7 sadece, birka\u00e7 \u00fclkede de\u011fil, aksine halk\u0131n\u0131n kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan neredeyse, t\u00fcm toplumlar\u0131n hedefleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu geli\u015fme yani, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu Fas\u2019tan Endonezya\u2019ya de\u011fin ulus-devletlerin, a\u011f\u0131r sanayiye ula\u015fma hedefleri, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n ekonomik geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan bir yans\u0131mas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunun gayet ve basit ve anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir nedeni bulunuyor&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O da, s\u00f6z konusu bu toplumlar\u0131 geri b\u0131rakt\u0131ran olgunun bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle \u201ca\u011f\u0131r sanayi\u201d hamlesinin kendini sanayi devrimiyle birlikte ortaya koymu\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gerek, sanayi hamlesine giden s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve gerekse de, bu sanayi hamlesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131lan s\u00fcre\u00e7 her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda, kahir ekseriyeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan topraklar \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu nedenledir ki, \u201ca\u011f\u0131r sanayi hamlesi\u201d s\u00f6yleminin sadece birka\u00e7 \u00fclkede de\u011fil, Fas\u2019dan Endonezya\u2019ya kadar ilgili t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde sanayi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirilmesi ve pl\u00e2nlama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde \u00f6ncelikli yer verilmesi buna dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kalk\u0131nma olgusunun, \u201ca\u011f\u0131r sanayiye\u201d ula\u015fma hedeflerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6tesinde, 1970\u2019lerden itibaren petrol gibi k\u00fcresel \u00f6neme sahip bir kaynakla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, bu s\u00fcrecin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel ve sadece, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ilgilendiren bir boyutunun \u00f6tesine ta\u015fmas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biriydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu a\u011f\u0131r sanayi kavram\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren liderlerin, petrol rezervleri zengin \u00fclkelere mensup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da, bir detay olarak kenara not edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130ki a\u015famal\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Giri\u015f\u2019te dikkat \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n iki temel parametre aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmde iki basamak g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lki, reform olgusundan kalk\u0131nma olgusuna do\u011fru olan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130kincisi ise, reform olgusunun ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olan alimler \u00e7evresi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler ve entellekt\u00fcellerden kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 \u00f6ncelleyen ve bunu, pl\u00e2nlamadan uygulamaya de\u011fin y\u00f6netimi elinde tutmay\u0131 hedefleyen ve bu anlamda, bir tekel olu\u015fturan b\u00fcrokrasiye kaymas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dini ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce boyutundaki reformdan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecini ekonomik kaynaklar \u00fczerinden de\u011fi\u015fime sevk eden s\u00fcre\u00e7, asl\u0131nda bir paradigma de\u011fi\u015fimine i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yerelden k\u00fcresele<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde her ne kadar, ad\u0131na reform denilen s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin lokomotifi olan isimlerin, bug\u00fcnden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fcresel bir etkiye sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddias\u0131 olsa da, temel dinamikler noktas\u0131nda, yerel ve b\u00f6lgesel kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6te yandan, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelen \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde, \u0130slami kalk\u0131nma eksenli s\u00f6ylem ve bunun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, yasal, teknokratik ve b\u00fcrokratik s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ulus-devlet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na hapsedilmi\u015fli\u011fiyle dikkat \u00e7ekiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu yeni d\u00f6nemde, \u0130slami veya \u0130slamc\u0131 kalk\u0131nma perspektiflerinin, t\u00fcm sosyolojik kurumlar ekseninde b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir kalk\u0131nmac\u0131l\u0131kla ili\u015fkilendirilmesinden ve bu y\u00f6nde politikalar geli\u015ftirilmesinden ziyade, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nemli bir kayma daha ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O da, Ortado\u011fu eksenli petrol zenginli\u011finin g\u00fcndeme gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1970\u2019li y\u0131llardan bu yana geli\u015fmesi ve \u0130slami kalk\u0131nmac\u0131l\u0131k olgusunun, \u0130slam ekonomisi olgusuyla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmenin form\u00fcl\u00fc olarak, a\u011f\u0131r sanayi hamlesi ve \u0130slami kalk\u0131nma kavramlar\u0131 yerini, \u2018\u0130slam ekonomisi\u2019ne b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131k derece\u011fi \u00fczerinde ciddiyetle durulmaya de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durumda, baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler, \u201cekonomik kalk\u0131nma \u00f6ncellenerek, di\u011fer sosyolojik kurumlar \u00fczerinden genel toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlere yol bulunabilecek tezini\u201d ileri s\u00fcrebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak, var olan de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine bug\u00fcnden bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, arzu edilen de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n \u2018ray\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi s\u0131nanm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015f tezler kategorisi i\u00e7erisinde sayabiliriz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 14.04.2024 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 meselesinde \u2018reform\u2019 (reform) ve \u2018kalk\u0131nma\u2019 (development), iki temel parametre olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda duruyor. \u00d6zellikle, \u2018\u0130slami kalk\u0131nma\u2019 denildi\u011finde akla, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, ekonomik kalk\u0131nma geliyor. Bununla birlikte, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ko\u015fullarda, ekonominin hangi alan\u0131ndaki faaliyetlerle kalk\u0131nman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi sorusuna cevab\u0131n, olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u2018\u0130slam ekonomisi\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer alan, bankac\u0131l\u0131k [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5188"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5190,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5188\/revisions\/5190"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}