{"id":5150,"date":"2024-03-22T03:09:44","date_gmt":"2024-03-22T03:09:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5150"},"modified":"2024-03-22T03:09:44","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T03:09:44","slug":"malakanin-bolgesel-ve-kuresel-onemi-regional-and-global-importance-of-malacca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/malakanin-bolgesel-ve-kuresel-onemi-regional-and-global-importance-of-malacca\/","title":{"rendered":"Malaka\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel \u00f6nemi \/ Regional and global importance of Malacca"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22.03.2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malaka\u2019da olman\u0131n anlam\u0131 sadece, bu \u015fehrin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Malaka, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131 gibi (1411), tarihin \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131nda kurulan ve geli\u015fme kaydeden bir \u015fehir olmas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu varl\u0131k, geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde varl\u0131k s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir modeli olmas\u0131 kadar, -t\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer baz\u0131 benzerleri gibi-, d\u00f6neminin uluslararas\u0131 ticaret ve bununla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 eko-politi\u011fiyle ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elimizde mevcut yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n Malaka tarihine vurgusuna ku\u015fku bulunmuyor. Bununla birlikte, tarihsel verilerin zenginle\u015ftirilmesi, var olan \u2018tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u2019 tamamlanmas\u0131 ve hatta yeni bulgular\u0131n ortaya konmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Malaka ve b\u00f6lgesi bize \u00f6nemli bir potansiyel sunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, hem Malaka ve b\u00f6lge hem de d\u00fcnya tarihine katk\u0131s\u0131na ku\u015fku olmayan ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131n\u0131, kara ve deniz arkeolojisi ile bunlar\u0131 destekleyecek di\u011fer ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00f6ylesi kapsaml\u0131 ve uzun erimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ni\u00e7in \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funa k\u0131saca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da de\u011finmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Uzun d\u00f6nemli bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ad\u0131, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l son \u00e7eyre\u011finden ba\u015flayarak, uluslararas\u0131 denizcilik ve ticaret d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan suyollar\u0131ndan biri olarak g\u00fcndeme gelmesi, bir tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aksine, tarihin yeniden bu b\u00f6lge \u00fczerinden kendini g\u00fcncellemesi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bug\u00fcn bu suyolunun her a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemini korumas\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u2018korumas\u0131\u2019 alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131 ancak, b\u00f6lgenin tarihsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ile anlamland\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu tarihsel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckten yoksun bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00f6lgeyi anlayabilece\u011fini varsaymak pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malaka\u2019n\u0131n Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda kurulu\u015fu, merkezi Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde bulunan Srivijaya\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn sona erdi\u011fi ve ard\u0131ndan, egemenli\u011fini Cava Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n orta kesiminden t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgeye yayan Majapahit\u2019in belki de, gerilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcrece denk geldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6yle ki, Mansur \u015eah d\u00f6neminde, Majapahit\u2019e y\u00f6nelik askeri giri\u015fim bize, b\u00f6ylesi bir tarihsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malaka\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015funda temel amil, neredeyse t\u00fcm Tak\u0131madalar b\u00f6lgesine \u015famil olacak \u015fekilde, siyasi \u00e7eki\u015fmelerin, taht kavgalar\u0131n\u0131n neticesinde, yeni bir siyasi elitin farkl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgede kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc tesis etme m\u00fccadelesinin bir sonucudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malaka \u015fehir devletinin kurucusu olarak zikredilen Pramaswera\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcney Sumatra\u2019dan Bo\u011faz\u2019\u0131n \u00f6te yakas\u0131nda, Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda kendine yer bulmas\u0131n\u0131n da, b\u00f6ylesi bir siyasal ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Temeller konusu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancak, her yeri ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n bara\u015f\u0131yla devam etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. \u201cMalaka\u2019n\u0131n kendi ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan nedir?\u201d sorusu bizi, Bo\u011faz\u2019da egemen ba\u015fka siyasi yap\u0131lar\u0131n mevcudiyetiyle ilgili daha geni\u015f bir perspektifi g\u00fcndeme almam\u0131z\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, Malaka\u2019y\u0131 siyasi, ekonomik ve entellekt\u00fcel olarak besleyen yap\u0131, Pasai olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Asl\u0131nda bu durum, Tak\u0131madalar\u2019da farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimin, ili\u015fkinin, devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fin bir uzant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pasai\u2019nin tek ba\u015f\u0131na varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmekle birlikte, temelde Marco Polo\u2019nun b\u00f6lgeyi ziyaretinden hareketle kurulu\u015funu 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l yerine, kan\u0131mca en az\u0131ndan bir y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ta\u015f\u0131yarak, 12. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihleyebilece\u011fimiz Samudra-Pasai\u2019nin kurucu \u00f6zelli\u011fini organik bir \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Medeniyet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prameswara\u2019n\u0131n \u2018Muzaffer \u015eah\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131 ile sembolle\u015fen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, Pasai ba\u011flam\u0131 ve ilintisiyle bir medeniyet d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, Malaka\u2019y\u0131 \u0130slam medeniyeti i\u00e7erisine almas\u0131, mek\u00e2n boyutuyla Tak\u0131madalar co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131na d\u00f6nemi itibar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirdi\u011fi gibi, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede Malaka\u2019n\u0131n yine, d\u00f6neminin uluslararas\u0131 ticaretine konu olmas\u0131nda da peki\u015ftirici bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her ne kadar, Montgomery \u2018Pasai\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 zikretmese de,<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> \u0130slamla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde co\u011frafi yak\u0131nl\u0131k, siyasi varl\u0131k ve kozmopolitlik \u00f6zellikleriyle, Pasai\u2019nin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki rol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ekseni<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00f6nemin uluslararas\u0131 ticaretinden kas\u0131t, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, tarihi Mil\u00e2ttan \u00f6ncesine dayanan do\u011f-bat\u0131 ticaret g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131na ve\/ya do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya akan ticari emtian\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na vurgudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu vurgunun a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, uzun suyollar\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na konu olan ticari emtian\u0131n yani, her t\u00fcr\u00fcnden baharat ile ipek temelli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin Tak\u0131madalar-Hindistan ve Arabistan \u00fczerinden Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019e ula\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer bir y\u00f6neliminin \u00c7in\u2019le oldu\u011funu unutmamak gerekir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malaka \u015fehri\u2019nin \u00f6nemi, hinterland\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler noktas\u0131ndaki zenginli\u011fine dayanmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aksine, -suyoluna da ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi \u00fczere-, Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na hakim noktas\u0131n\u0131n, Tak\u0131madalar\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131ndaki merkezili\u011finden bahsedebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu merkezilik bir yandan, Tak\u0131madalar toplumlar\u0131 ile \u00f6te yandan, \u00c7in ve Hindistan men\u015feli toplumlar\u0131n bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Topra\u011f\u0131 bol olsun, son d\u00f6nem Malezya tarih\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan Koy Kay Kim\u2019in vurgusu dikkate almak gerekirse,<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Malaka\u2019da doksan farkl\u0131 dilin konu\u015fuluyor olmas\u0131, bu geni\u015f co\u011frafi b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bu \u015fehir devleti \u00f6zelinde bir mikro-kosmoz olu\u015fturdu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yeni veriler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malaka \u015fehir devleti tarihine dair \u00c7in, Hind ve Malay yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 ile s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6neminde Portekiz, \u0130ngiliz ve Hollanda kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ilgimizi \u00e7ekmesi gereken \u00f6nemli bir alan arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00f6ylesine \u00f6nemli bir denizci merkezi olmu\u015f \u015fehrin hem \u015fehri ikiye kesen ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, k\u0131smen de olsa, deniz trafi\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131k nehri ile sahil \u015feridinde yap\u0131lacak deniz arkeolojisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sadece b\u00f6lge tarihine de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya tarihine katk\u0131s\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu inisiyatifi kimin alaca\u011f\u0131 meselesi, ayn\u0131 zamanda mevcut tarihi varl\u0131\u011fa neyi nas\u0131l eklemleyece\u011fimizle de al\u00e2kal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00f6lgede bu alanlarda insan kayna\u011f\u0131 sorununa ra\u011fmen, mevcutlar\u0131n\u0131n en az\u0131ndan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini y\u00f6netibilirli\u011fine ku\u015fku bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0131pk\u0131, di\u011fer alanlarda oldu\u011fu gibi, burada da temel sorun bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini anlayabilecek kurumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na olan ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00f6ylesi yap\u0131lar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 veya olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 halinde, b\u00f6lge tarihini yeni bulgularla k\u00fcresel boyuta ta\u015f\u0131mak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> T. J. Newbold. (1839). <em>Political a<\/em><em>nd Statistical Account of the British Settlement in the Straits of Malacca<\/em>, Vol.1, London: John Murray, s. 276-277.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Montgomery Martin. (MDCCCXXXVII \/ 1837). The British Colonial Library, Vol. X. London: Whittaker&amp;Co., s. 139.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Kim, Koy Kay. (2011). \u201cTradition and modernity in Malay Society (1830s-1930s)\u201d, <em>Intellectual Discourse<\/em>, Vol. 19, No. 1, s. 18. (15-40).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22.03.2024 Malaka\u2019da olman\u0131n anlam\u0131 sadece, bu \u015fehrin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile anla\u015f\u0131lamaz. Malaka, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131 gibi (1411), tarihin \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131nda kurulan ve geli\u015fme kaydeden bir \u015fehir olmas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eker. Bu varl\u0131k, geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde varl\u0131k s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir modeli olmas\u0131 kadar, -t\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer baz\u0131 benzerleri gibi-, d\u00f6neminin uluslararas\u0131 ticaret [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5151,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5150"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5152,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5150\/revisions\/5152"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}