{"id":5115,"date":"2024-02-29T09:42:15","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T09:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=5115"},"modified":"2024-02-29T09:42:16","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T09:42:16","slug":"kuresel-yonetim-ve-cok-kutupluluk-soyleminde-neredeyiz-where-are-we-in-the-discourse-of-global-governance-and-multipolarity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/kuresel-yonetim-ve-cok-kutupluluk-soyleminde-neredeyiz-where-are-we-in-the-discourse-of-global-governance-and-multipolarity\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcresel y\u00f6netim ve \u00e7ok kutupluluk s\u00f6yleminde neredeyiz? – Where are we in the discourse of global governance and multipolarity?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            29.02.2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n, kayda de\u011fer bir s\u00fcredir do\u011fru y\u00f6netilmedi\u011fine dair kayg\u0131lar, yerini bu sorun \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmak \u00e7abas\u0131ndan uzakla\u015farak, giderek umutsuzlu\u011fa b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9 Kas\u0131m 1989\u2019da Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla sembolik anlamda So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylemi, 26 Aral\u0131k 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda SSCB\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle pratik olarak da tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu durum, teorik olmasa da, pratik olarak olu\u015fumuna zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ne g\u00f6nderme yapan, \u2018tek kutupluluk\u2019 olgusunun bir zafer olarak il\u00e2n\u0131yla, yeni ve temel bir sorun olarak zuhur etmesi aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en k\u0131sa s\u00fcre, k\u00fcresel ortam\u0131n yeni bir d\u00f6nemle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze geldi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belki, ilk etapta, \u2018tek kutupluluk\u2019 olgusunun k\u00fcresel ortama getirece\u011fi varsay\u0131lan ve de olumlu olarak addedilen \u2018neo liberal katk\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, pek de rasyonel olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n sona ermesinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, k\u00fcresel kamuoyu birbiri ard\u0131na \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelere tan\u0131k oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle kendini, Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hedef alan i\u015fgal ve sava\u015flarla ortaya koyan ve ard\u0131ndan, bir \u015fekilde devaml\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren s\u00fcre\u00e7, her t\u00fcr\u00fcnden e\u015fitsizlikler, tek-kutuplu k\u00fcresel sistemin, k\u00fcresel bar\u0131\u015f ve huzur i\u00e7in yeter sebep olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergelerdendi.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun yerine, alternatif aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda \u2018\u00e7ok-kutupluluk\u2019 olgusu yer etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalizme alternatif mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ok kutupluluk taleplerinin ard\u0131nda, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, kapitalizm \u00fczerinde temellendi\u011fi gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir etkisi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6yle ki, s\u00f6z konusu bu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc neredeyse her platforma yayma amac\u0131yla hareket eden bu sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 meydan okumalar, \u2018\u00e7ok kutupluluk\u2019 talepleriyle birlikte g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, bir t\u00fcr k\u00fcresel adalet aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve servet payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olgusuna dikkat \u00e7ekiliyordu…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eayet d\u00fcnya, ABD eksenli tek kutupluluktan kurtulur ve \u00e7ok kutuplulu\u011fa evrilirse, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve servet payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 da sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu \u00e7ok-kutupluluk olgusu ve s\u00f6ylemi sanki, var olan k\u00fcresel eko-politik ili\u015fkilere alternatif \u00fcretmi\u015f ve bu alternatif eko-politik sistem, kayda de\u011fer \u00fclkelerce kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f gibi bir alg\u0131 gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k kendini ortaya koyuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oysa, olan bitene bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortal\u0131kta, b\u00f6ylesi bir alternatiften bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019e bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O d\u00f6nem itibar\u0131yla, Bat\u0131\u2019da baz\u0131 akademisyenler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 yetkilileri ve siyasiler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00c7in\u2019e hen\u00fcz ciddi bir g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131lm\u0131yordu….<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, \u00c7in\u2019in bir alternatif olmakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6te, yine Bat\u0131 liberalizmi\/neo-liberalizmi i\u00e7inde kalaca\u011f\u0131 ve toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve alg\u0131s\u0131 da, kendini gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k hissettiriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, gelecek projeksiyonunun bir \u015fekilde yine, Bat\u0131\u2019dan geldi\u011fini ortaya koymas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiciydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geni\u015f kesimlerin \u00c7in\u2019e y\u00f6nelimle ilgili belirsizliklerinde, d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli bir ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci olmas\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi \u00f6zellikler unutulmamal\u0131. K\u00fcresel toplum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n oldu\u011fu kesindi, ancak tekrar olmakla birlikte, geni\u015f kesimler i\u00e7in hedefin ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00c7in olmas\u0131 pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya da bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, o d\u00f6nem itibar\u0131yla \u00c7in\u2019in, ne t\u00fcrden bir alternatif olu\u015fturuca\u011f\u0131 konusu hen\u00fcz mu\u011flakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, k\u00fcresel toplum s\u00f6ylem ile pratikte yap\u0131lmak istenen aras\u0131nda, gayet \u00f6nemli bir a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta oldu\u011funu fark etmekte gecikmeyecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tek kutuplulukda dikkat \u00e7eken ve ABD eksenli bir liberal\/neo-liberal s\u00f6ylem hakim idiyse, \u2018\u00e7ok kutuplu\u2019 olarak ortaya konulan kavram\u0131n ak\u0131llara getirdi\u011fi birden fazla k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6r\u00fcn, belli bir eko-politik d\u00fczen veya birbirinden ayr\u0131\u015fan eko-politik d\u00fczenlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na at\u0131f yap\u0131l\u0131yor olmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oysa, tek kutuplulu\u011fu temsil eden ABD\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, rakip, e\u015fit partner vb. ba\u011flamlarda olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen herhangi bir temsili yap\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n alternatifli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, ABD\u2019yi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na alabilecek bir Avrupa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kendi i\u00e7erisinde Atlantik boyutunda var olan k\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131 onarmaya matuf bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak dillendiriliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, \u00e7ok-kutupluluk olu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinin, Bat\u0131 neo-liberal teori ve prati\u011fine sahip vya buna -en az\u0131ndan- s\u00f6ylem d\u00fczeyinde yak\u0131n ve a\u015fina \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u2018Birlik\u2019 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ABD kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kutup olu\u015fturabilecek bir \u2018Birlik\u2019 d\u00fczeyine ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulanmaya de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 \u0130ngiltere ve Hollanda d\u0131\u015farda tutacak olursak, eko-politik zeminde ABD ile kimi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fen bir zemin kadar, belki de daha \u00e7ok \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmeyen yanlar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken ve birbirleriyle b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011fil, par\u00e7al\u0131 nitelik arz eden Avrupa \u00fclkeleri bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimler, K\u0131ta\u2019n\u0131n bir kutup olu\u015fturacak bir \u2018Birlik\u2019 d\u00fczeyinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Japonya umudu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ok-kutupla\u015fmay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131mlamaya yarayacak bir di\u011fer \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f, yine o d\u00f6nem itibar\u0131yla Japonya\u2019y\u0131 bir alternatif g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak konumland\u0131rma s\u00f6ylemini dillendiriyordu ki, asl\u0131nda bunun pek iler tutar bir yan\u0131 bulunmuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nihayetinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 veya Asya-Pasifik\u2019te kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle, Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131n\u0131n Japonya\u2019s\u0131 bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Japonya, -t\u0131pk\u0131 Almanya benzeri-, sadece kendi ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 konsepti ve ilintili alanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 kendi karar s\u00fcrecine terk edilmedi\u011fi gibi, eko-politik yap\u0131s\u0131 da, ABD taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7er\u00e7evelendirilmi\u015f bir ulus devletti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, Japonya\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7ok kutupluluk s\u00f6yleminde, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir kutup olmaya yeter bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alternatif aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na devam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durumda \u015fu soruyu sormak gerekiyor: \u201c1989\u2019da Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131yla sembolle\u015fen Do\u011fu Bloku\u2019nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra, Bat\u0131 neo-liberal teori ve prati\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir alternatif yap\u0131 \u00fcreten eko-politik sistem \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soruyu biraz daha geni\u015fleterek yineleyecek olursak, \u201cKar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda -teorik-ideolojik ba\u011flamda olmasa da, fiili ve fiziki olarak eriyip giden Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birli\u011fi (SSCB) \u00f6zelindeki eko-politik yap\u0131n\u0131n yerini alabilecek bir alternatif yap\u0131 var m\u0131yd\u0131?\u201d \u015feklinde zikredebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSCB\u2019nin teorik-ideolojik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olmasa da, fiili ve fiziki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rma becerisini g\u00f6steren liberal\/neo-liberal ideolojinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc peki\u015ftirmesi, asl\u0131nda k\u00fcresel toplumun \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn alternatif olu\u015fturma gibi bir \u00e7abas\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik ortaya koyuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eayet b\u00f6ylesi bir alternatif var idiyse, o zaman bu alternatif \u00f6rne\u011fin ni\u00e7in, SSCB\u2019nin de varl\u0131k s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma iradesi sergilememi\u015ftir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yoksa, o d\u00f6neme kadar \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015feytan\u2019 konumundaki -hangi \u015feytan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, kestirmek g\u00fc\u00e7- SSCB\u2019nin ortadan kalkmas\u0131yla ans\u0131z\u0131n bir alternatif yap\u0131n\u0131n zuhur etmesi mi bekleniyordu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durumda, salt SSCB\u2019nin fiili ve fiziki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesinin, k\u00fcresel bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 getirmedi\u011fi ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksine, k\u00fcresel bar\u0131\u015ftan giderek uzakla\u015fan veya bir s\u00fcredir dillendirildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u2018yeni bir So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019 olgusunun olu\u015ftu\u011fu\/olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu bir k\u00fcresel ger\u00e7eklikle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, ne SSCB sisteminin ne de bu sistemi de i\u00e7ine alan 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminin olumlanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na yorulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada sorgulamaya de\u011fer olan, ABD gibi k\u00fcresel bir eko-politik g\u00fc\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda alternatif s\u00f6ylemlerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131ndaki kesimlerin, ni\u00e7in bir eko-politik teoriyi bi\u00e7imlendirmemi\u015f ve bunu prati\u011fe ge\u00e7irememi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            29.02.2024 D\u00fcnyan\u0131n, kayda de\u011fer bir s\u00fcredir do\u011fru y\u00f6netilmedi\u011fine dair kayg\u0131lar, yerini bu sorun \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmak \u00e7abas\u0131ndan uzakla\u015farak, giderek umutsuzlu\u011fa b\u0131rak\u0131yor. 9 Kas\u0131m 1989\u2019da Berlin Duvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla sembolik anlamda So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylemi, 26 Aral\u0131k 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda SSCB\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle pratik olarak da tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu durum, teorik olmasa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5115"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5117,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5115\/revisions\/5117"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}