{"id":4993,"date":"2023-12-04T07:37:52","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T07:37:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4993"},"modified":"2023-12-04T07:37:53","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T07:37:53","slug":"acede-bir-siyasal-fenomen-olarak-4-aralik-ve-gam-4-december-and-gam-in-aceh-as-a-political-phenomenon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/acede-bir-siyasal-fenomen-olarak-4-aralik-ve-gam-4-december-and-gam-in-aceh-as-a-political-phenomenon\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00e7e\u2019de bir siyasal fenomen olarak 4 Aral\u0131k ve GAM \/ 4 December and GAM in Aceh as a political phenomenon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            04.12.2023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 Aral\u0131k, modern Endonezya tarihinde \u00f6nemli d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerden birinin y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olmas\u0131yla \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc, 4 Aral\u0131k 1976\u2019da A\u00e7e\u2019de siyasal bir hareketin,yani A\u00e7e \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketi\u2019nin (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka<\/em>-GAM) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k il\u00e2n\u0131na tekab\u00fcl ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7le ilgili olarak, salt d\u00f6nemin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan lideri merhum Hasan di Tiro\u2019nun, bireysel ve etraf\u0131nda yer alan g\u00f6rece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir siyasi elitin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmek ve olan biteni g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etme e\u011filimi sergilemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En az\u0131ndan, siyasal bir hareket kabul edilen bu geli\u015fmeyi akademik ba\u011flam\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, bize tarihin belirli bir evresinde, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu bir co\u011frafyada olan biten geli\u015fmeleri anlama, de\u011ferlendirme, yorumlama ve bu olan bitenden ders \u00e7\u0131kartabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, burada s\u00f6ylenmesi gereken temel husus, modern Endonezya tarihinde, farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 siyasal s\u00f6ylemler ve hareketler i\u00e7erisinde A\u00e7e\u2019nin, ayr\u0131 bir yeri bulundu\u011fudur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmadan kas\u0131t, salt silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmemelidir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sorun bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6tesindedir. Ki, bu durum, s\u00f6z konusu bu ulus-devletin her bir b\u00f6lgesiyle ilgili, \u00e7e\u015fitli akademik ve bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ortaya konacak kadar \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her ne kadar, yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 siyasal hareketler i\u00e7inde yer alsa da, A\u00e7e\u2019nin, Endonezya ad\u0131yla bir ulus-devletin kurulu\u015funa katk\u0131s\u0131 bir anlamda, bu b\u00f6lgeyi, bu toplumu ve \u00f6zellikle de, siyasal liderlerini derinlemesine anlamay\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada dahi, A\u00e7e\u2019de 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelen siyasal hareketin, temelde bir silahl\u0131 hareket olmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6tesinde, bir siyasal diyalog aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n arac\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlamak gerekir.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6tesinde, 17 A\u011fustos 1945 tarihinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 il\u00e2n eden ve bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci devlet ve b\u00f6lgeyi yeniden s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirme konusunda siyasal niyetini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyan Hollanda\u2019y\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemin k\u00fcresel s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7lerini -ki, bunlar \u0130ngiltere ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019dir- ikna ettirmek i\u00e7in, yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt y\u0131l boyunca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 veren (physical revolution<\/em>) ve ard\u0131ndan, \u00f6nemli bir ulus-devlet olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n, hangi ideallerle kuruldu\u011fu ve 1950 sonras\u0131nda, tedrici olarak s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi siyasal ve ekonomik sorunlar\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele almak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, sivil ve askeri b\u00fcrokratik mekanizman\u0131n te\u015fkili; merkezde ideolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlenmeler ve bunun istikrarl\u0131 politikalar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na etkisi; merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve eyaletler aras\u0131 ili\u015fkiler ve belki de bunlar aras\u0131nda sadece Kuzey Sumatra\u2019da de\u011fil, \u00fclkenin merkez siyaset ve sicil toplum unsurlar\u0131nda da \u00e7ok\u00e7a ele\u015ftirilen ordunun ekonomiyle yak\u0131ndan ve do\u011frudan ili\u015fkili yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131[2]<\/a> dikkat \u00e7ekicisi alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, 1976 y\u0131l\u0131 hemen \u00f6ncesinde yani, 1971\u2019de Kuzey Sumatra\u2019da zengin petrol rezevrlerinin bulunmas\u0131 ve i\u015fletilmesi s\u00fcrecinde,[3]<\/a> sadece merkez b\u00fcrokrasi ve eyaletteki uzant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, askeri b\u00fcrokrasinin de ne t\u00fcrden roller oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele almak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam da bu hususlar, A\u00e7e\u2019de olan bitene dair yeterli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ortaya konmamas\u0131 hususunda, yukar\u0131da gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k dikkat \u00e7ekilen yukar\u0131daki vurguyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, bu y\u00f6nde bu g\u00fcne kadar ne kadar mesafe kat edildi\u011fi ise gayet \u015f\u00fcphelidir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7e \u00f6zelinde dikkat \u00e7ekmek gerekti\u011finde, bu zaafiyetin en ba\u015fta, A\u00e7eli akademyan\u0131n, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n, entellekt\u00fcellerin bu alana dair yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131r kalmas\u0131 ve bunu ulusal boyutta di\u011fer benzeri kesimlerin \u00e7ekinikli\u011fine ba\u011flamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak, bu \u00e7ekinikli\u011fin nedenleri bile ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu. B\u0131rak\u0131n 2000\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n \u00f6ncesini 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki tsunamiden sonra binlerce A\u00e7eli gen\u00e7 ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00fcniversitelerde \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131na ve bunlardan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn akademide yer almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, A\u00e7e sorununu tarihsel ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme noktas\u0131nda gayet zaaf i\u00e7erisinde olmas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli neden ise, A\u00e7e\u2019ye ilgili oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131ndaki di\u011fer s\u00f6zde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n, Kuzey Sumatra gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel olarak gayet \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6lgesinde modern d\u00f6nemde olan biteni anlamama konusunda gayet \u0131srarc\u0131 olmalar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1976 giri\u015fimini, s\u0131radan bir siyasal \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f olarak adland\u0131rarak ge\u00e7i\u015ftirmek ve\/ya A\u00e7e ile modern Endonezya devleti toplumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, dini\/toplumsal benzerlikler s\u00f6ylemine konformist\u00e7e dayanarak, var olan sorunu g\u00f6rmezden gelmek, sadece bu co\u011frafya i\u00e7in de\u011fil, aksine, genel itibar\u0131yla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n kendi sorunlar\u0131na nas\u0131l yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Aguswandi; Zunner. (2008). From Politics to Arms to Politics Again: The Transition of the Gerakan Acheh Merdeka (Free Aceh Movement-GAM)<\/em>, Berghof Transitions Series No. 5, Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, s. 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> Lesley McCulloch. (2005). \u201cAceh: Then and Now\u201d, Report<\/em>, Minorty Rights Group International,  s. 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> \u201cAceh\u201d, Briefing<\/em>, Minority rights group international, s. 2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay                                                                                                            04.12.2023 4 Aral\u0131k, modern Endonezya tarihinde \u00f6nemli d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerden birinin y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olmas\u0131yla \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc, 4 Aral\u0131k 1976\u2019da A\u00e7e\u2019de siyasal bir hareketin,yani A\u00e7e \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketi\u2019nin (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka-GAM) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k il\u00e2n\u0131na tekab\u00fcl ediyor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7le ilgili olarak, salt d\u00f6nemin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan lideri merhum Hasan di Tiro\u2019nun, bireysel ve etraf\u0131nda yer alan g\u00f6rece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4994,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4993"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4995,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4993\/revisions\/4995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}