\u00c7in Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Xi Jinping, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulu\u2019nun New York\u2019da yap\u0131lacak yetmi\u015finci y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc toplant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde. Bu ziyaret, Jinping\u2019in ge\u00e7en y\u0131lki ziyaretinin ard\u0131ndan ikinci ziyaret olurken, BM\u2019nin bu \u00f6nemli y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00c7in-ABD ikili ili\u015fkilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, k\u00fcresel ba\u011flamda g\u00fcndemi olu\u015fturan \u00e7e\u015fitli konular\u0131n da ele al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in-ABD ili\u015fkilerine ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, BM\u2019deki tarihi toplant\u0131ya dair birka\u00e7 hususa de\u011fineyim. Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, BM Genel Kurulu\u2019nun bu tarihi toplant\u0131s\u0131na, sava\u015flar\u0131n ve ekonomik krizlerin g\u00f6lgesinde giriliyor. Bu anlamda, BM\u2019nin,\u00a0 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelere yeni bir umut olma amac\u0131yla kuruldu\u011fu 1945 y\u0131l\u0131 ruhunu yeniden yans\u0131t\u0131p yans\u0131tmayaca\u011f\u0131 merak konusu. Bu anlamda, zaten bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7oktan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu y\u0131lk\u0131 toplant\u0131lar boyunca k\u00fcresel sorunlar\u0131n masaya yat\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi gibi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da \u00fclkenin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n aksine, Genel Kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131 kimi g\u00f6zlemcilerin ifadesiyle uluslarars\u0131 \u201cdiplomatik ticaret fuar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu ba\u011flamda, bu \u00f6nemli y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6zel k\u0131lan bir di\u011fer husus \u2018A Tak\u0131m\u0131 Diplomatlar\u0131\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00c7in, Rusya, \u0130ngiltere devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Hindistan Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Narendra Modi, \u0130ran Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hasan Ruhani, M\u0131s\u0131r Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Addul Fettah Sisi gibi devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 140 devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet ba\u015fkan\u0131 toplant\u0131larda haz\u0131r bulunacak. Aradan ge\u00e7en yetmi\u015f y\u0131la ra\u011fmen, d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6zellikle belli co\u011frafyalara toplumsal huzurun hen\u00fcz gelmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 ku\u015fkusuz ki, tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n boyutunu belirleyecektir.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, BM\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in g\u00fcndeminde yer alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilen \u201cS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Hedefleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir proje \u00fczerinde de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Asl\u0131nda bu, hem s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik hem de kalk\u0131nma gibi kavramlar ilk defa ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131yor. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, bir yandan Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerce a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik bir \u015fekilde, o d\u00f6nemin Sovyet Rusya\u2019s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ortaya konulan ve \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerini hedef alan kalk\u0131nma programlar\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda \u2018s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik\u2019 bulunuyordu. Ancak 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca ortaya konan t\u00fcm kalk\u0131nma hedeflerinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya denilen co\u011frafyada hak edilen kalk\u0131nmac\u0131 hedeflerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine yol a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, insan haklar\u0131-silahlanma-\u00e7evre-g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi gibi t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilgilendiren hususlarda umutsuzlu\u011fu peki\u015ftirecek politikalar egemen oldu. Bununla elbette, \u00f6rne\u011fin G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00fclkelerinin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde aradan ge\u00e7en, diyelim ki en az\u0131ndan yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te hi\u00e7bir kalk\u0131nma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek istemiyorum. Ancak, kalk\u0131nmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n insani de\u011ferlerle e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc y\u00fcr\u00fc\/t\u00fcle\/medi\u011fi, ba\u015fta maddi\/manevi yolsuzluklar ile insan elinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak do\u011fal afetlere yol a\u00e7an yanl\u0131\u015f end\u00fcstrile\u015fme ve kalk\u0131nma politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131 b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131nca yakinen hissediliyor.<\/p>\n
Bunun en son ve en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rne\u011fini \u00c7in olu\u015fturuyor. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck devi konumundaki \u00c7in, \u00f6nde gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinde ya\u015fanan ve \u00e7ok temel bir insan hakk\u0131 ihlali olarak kabul edilmesi gereken hava kirlili\u011fiyle m\u00fccadelede hen\u00fcz ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmi\u015f de\u011fil. \u00c7in\u2019in kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Tibet, Uygur, Hong Kong ve de h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00fczerinde siyasi egemenlik iddias\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Taiwan\u2019la ili\u015fkilerindeki ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sorunlara, Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nde b\u00f6lgesel ve de k\u00fcresel deniz ticaretini tehdit boyutundaki giri\u015fimleri eklemleniyor. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n bitmesinden bu yana yirmi be\u015f y\u0131l boyunca ekonomisini d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7mas\u0131yla onaylanan \u00c7in, asl\u0131nda bu yan\u0131yla da k\u00fcresel kapitalizm devlerini ikna edebilmi\u015f de\u011fil. Yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar \u00fczerinde kurulan bask\u0131lar bir s\u00fcredir g\u00fcndemde.<\/p>\n
Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, her ne kadar, \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi kontrol edilebilir oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylese de, son d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan ekonomik kriz kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00f6rne\u011fin Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerin ba\u015fkan adaylar\u0131ndan Donald J. Trump, ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in ekonomisine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 etkile\u015fimi nedeniyle kendilerini de bat\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin sadece \u2018g\u00fcvenlik\u2019 olgusunu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kartarak y\u00f6neltilecek ele\u015ftirilere tatmink\u00e2r cevap verebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. \u00d6te yandan, Bat\u0131\u2019ya bir d\u00fcnya g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak kendini lanse ettirme \u00e7abas\u0131nda olaca\u011f\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, son yirmi y\u0131lda tedrici olarak geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi askeri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve de ekonomisindeki g\u00f6rece kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda acaba hangi \u00fclkeler \u00c7in\u2019i bu anlamda ABD\u2019nin yan\u0131nda veya alternatifi olarak g\u00f6rmeyi tercih edeceklerdir.<\/p>\n
Bu minvalde Xi Jinping-Obama g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde yukar\u0131da de\u011findi\u011fim hususlar\u0131n \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde ele al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Bu tip ziyaretlerde taraflar\u0131n, i\u015fin i\u00e7inden \u2018ba\u015far\u0131yla\u2019 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi biraz da medyatik y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kartacaklar\u0131n\u0131 unutmamak gerekir. Ancak Xi Jinping\u2019in, yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidar\u0131 boyunca g\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fclke politikalar\u0131na yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele\u015ftirisi y\u00fcksek sesle dillendiriliyor. ABD y\u00f6netiminin gerek \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin kendi halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, gerekse b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinde do\u011furdu\u011fu kayg\u0131 boyutunu dile getirmemesi de, ABD\u2019nin en az\u0131ndan kendi ilkeleri do\u011frultusunda bir zaafiyet olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n
Buna il\u00e2ve olarak, \u00c7in\u2019in t\u00fcm arzular\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019i e\u015fit bir k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 mesabesinde g\u00f6rmeyece\u011fini tahmin etmek zor de\u011fil. \u00c7in, kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerce de hak iddias\u0131nda bulunulan su yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde suni adalar in\u015fas\u0131yla G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi sorununun devam etmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir t\u00fcr inatla\u015fma s\u00fcreci s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Bu geli\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ABD\u2019nin endi\u015fesi sadece askeri egemenlik anlam\u0131nda de\u011fil, bunun \u00f6tesinde bu geli\u015fmeleri k\u00fcresel serbest ticarete vurulabilecek bir darbe olarak alg\u0131lamas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin t\u0131pk\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Bengal-\u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ve de y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaret \u00fczerinde deniz yolu g\u00fcvenli\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun olarak g\u00f6ren \u0130ngiltere gibi, bug\u00fcn de ABD benzer kayg\u0131lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu sorunlu alanlar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin her zaman alternatifleri vard\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bir kenarda tutarak, s\u00f6z konusu bu iki \u00fclkenin oturup hangi k\u00fcresel sorun etraf\u0131nda ortak politikalar geli\u015ftirebilecekleri sorusu akla geliyor.<\/p>\n