{"id":4923,"date":"2023-02-26T15:35:31","date_gmt":"2023-02-26T15:35:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4923"},"modified":"2023-02-26T15:35:41","modified_gmt":"2023-02-26T15:35:41","slug":"gazali-dusuncesinde-sosyolojik-baglam-2-sociological-context-in-al-ghazali-thought","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/gazali-dusuncesinde-sosyolojik-baglam-2-sociological-context-in-al-ghazali-thought\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>Gazali d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde sosyolojik ba\u011flam (2) Sociological context in Al-Ghazali thought<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 26.02.2023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan boyutlar\u0131yla bizatihi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumu ve bu toplumun ya\u015fam s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ad\u0131na \u2018sosyolojik boyut\u2019 denilebilecek s\u00f6z konusu bu durum, bug\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden de\u011ferlendirmemize yarayacak ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bununla birlikte, bu durumun sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumla ilintili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aksine, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan toplumlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da, gayet anlaml\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fc oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, \u00f6zellikle adalet kavram\u0131na vurgu yapmakta yarar var\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gazali\u2019de adalet olgusu insan ili\u015fkilerinin temel ve zorunlu bir formu olarak zuhur ediyor. \u00d6yle ki, Gazali bir ad\u0131m daha ileri giderek adalet ile \u2018ihsan\u2019 aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f kuruyor.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Din-adalet ili\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dinin, \u00f6ncelikle bireyi ilgilendiren ve ard\u0131ndan, sosyal boyuta ta\u015f\u0131nan bir yap\u0131s\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burada ilgiye de\u011fer husus, dinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olarak almak yerine, bunun \u00e7ok daha \u00f6tesinde ve \u00f6ncesinde temel bir kavram olarak &#8216;adaleti&#8217; (<em>justice<\/em>) \u00f6ncelleyen bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durum, bize din\u2019den kast\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu sorgulamam\u0131za ve buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k do\u011fru ve anlaml\u0131 bir cevap vermemize olanak tan\u0131yor. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu anlamda, din bizatihi adaleti g\u00f6zeten ve bunu bireyin kendi ya\u015fam\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak toplumsal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin herbirine do\u011fru geni\u015fleten bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ma sahiptir. Bunlara, merhum Sabri Orman Hoca\u2019n\u0131n ifadesiyle, \u2018bireysel adalet\u2019 ve \u2018sosyal adalet\u2019 demek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nanma olgusu, \u00f6ncelikle ve zorunlu olarak bireyin -yani, inan\u00e7l\u0131 bir bireyin, kendine, kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na adaletli olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak zuhur ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Adalet ve zorunlu bilme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu nokta, bireyi kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hareketle onu var eden Yarat\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bilgisine ula\u015fmas\u0131na imkan tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, temelde bu Gazali d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde ortaya konuldu\u011fu \u00fczere \u201ciyi bir m\u00fc\u2019min kimdir?\u201d vb. sorulara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu inanman\u0131n hem birey, hem toplumsal ya\u015famdaki t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ve eylemler noktas\u0131ndaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise, bu adaletin tedrici olarak mikro d\u00fczeyden makro d\u00fczeye do\u011fru evrilmesi ve geni\u015flemesi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu durumu, genelde \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00f6zelde Gazali d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde insan-insan ili\u015fkilerinde g\u00f6rmek kadar, insan-maddi \u00e7evre\/evren ili\u015fkisinde de g\u00f6rmek ve anlamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6yle ki, bir din olarak \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu ilkeler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmeler ve bunun Gazali \u00f6zelinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan boyutu bize din\u2019in, dini inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n bireyin adalet alg\u0131s\u0131 kadar, toplumsal adalet olgusuyla da ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Toplumsal adalet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplumsal adaleti tesis eden ise, bir yap\u0131sal d\u00fczen fikri ve pratikteki yans\u0131malar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu noktada, bir toplumsal sistem olarak din yani, \u0130slam bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aksine, insan\u0131n kendinde bir varl\u0131k olmas\u0131 ve bunun adalet kavram\u0131yla ili\u015fkisi, dini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin temelde vermek istedi\u011fi mesajla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, sadece ad\u0131na M\u00fcsl\u00fcman denilen birey ve toplumlar\u0131 de\u011fil, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan di\u011fer birey ve toplumlar\u0131 da ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bir yan\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bununla birlikte, adalet olgusunu kuru sistemik bir yap\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek yerine, canl\u0131 ve her an var olan bir boyutu ile de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada, Gazali d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde adaletin bir anlamda, \u201cetik davran\u0131\u015f normlar\u0131yla\u201d ba\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bunun, kuru, statik \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip sistemik bir adalet olgusunu hayata ge\u00e7irmek yerine, daha \u00f6zel daha \u00fcst bir niyete tabi oldu\u011funu Gazali\u2019nin sufi y\u00f6n\u00fc ortaya koyuyor.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Belki de, yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u00fczere Gazali\u2019nin adalet-ihsan aras\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu ili\u015fkinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman birey ve toplumdan ba\u015flayarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde g\u00fcncellenmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Sabri Orman. (2018). \u201cAl-Ghazali on Justice and Social Justice\u201d, <em>TUJISE<\/em> (Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics), s. 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <a>Sabri Orman. (2018). \u201cAl-Ghazali on Justice and Social Justice\u201d, <em>TUJISE<\/em> (Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics), <\/a>s. 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Ali Issas Othman. (1960). <em>The Concept of Man in Islam: In the Writings of Al-Ghazali<\/em>, Cairo: Dar al-Maaref, s. 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Ali Issas Othman. (1960). <em>The Concept of Man in Islam: In the Writings of Al-Ghazali<\/em>, Cairo: Dar al-Maaref, s. 31.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 26.02.2023 Gazali d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan boyutlar\u0131yla bizatihi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumu ve bu toplumun ya\u015fam s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yor. Ad\u0131na \u2018sosyolojik boyut\u2019 denilebilecek s\u00f6z konusu bu durum, bug\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden de\u011ferlendirmemize yarayacak ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. Bununla birlikte, bu durumun sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumla ilintili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aksine, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan toplumlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da, gayet [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4923"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4925,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4923\/revisions\/4925"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}