{"id":4632,"date":"2022-06-16T16:59:28","date_gmt":"2022-06-16T16:59:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4632"},"modified":"2022-06-16T16:59:28","modified_gmt":"2022-06-16T16:59:28","slug":"ittihat-ve-terakki-ve-mustafa-kemale-suikast-tesebbusu-center-for-union-and-progress-cup-and-the-attempt-of-assassination-to-mustafa-kemal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/ittihat-ve-terakki-ve-mustafa-kemale-suikast-tesebbusu-center-for-union-and-progress-cup-and-the-attempt-of-assassination-to-mustafa-kemal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ttihat ve Terakki ve Mustafa Kemal\u2019e suikast te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc \/ Center for Union and Progress (CUP) and the attempt of assassination to Mustafa Kemal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 16.06.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00fcrk siyasi tarihinde suikastler ba\u015fka \u00fclkeleri aratmayacak denli \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve s\u00fcreklilik arz eder. Asl\u0131nda, bu noktada bu suikast olgusunu sosyolojik bir vak\u0131a olarak toplumlar\u0131n siyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi olarak g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin, erken d\u00f6nemler yani, Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma ile ba\u015flayan Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 (1839) ve Islahat Ferman\u0131\u2019yla (1856) g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan toplumsal ve siyasal de\u011fi\u015fimler s\u00fcrecinde suikastlerin padi\u015fahlar\u0131n, \u00fcst d\u00fczey sivil ve esker b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131n can\u0131na mal olacak d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, devletin nihayete erdi\u011fi y\u0131llara kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Padi\u015fahlar ki, kendileri sadece Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin de\u011fil, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n lideri konumunda yani, halife s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131yan siyasiler olmalar\u0131yla ba\u015fka bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131rlar. Ancak, bu \u00f6nem onlara y\u00f6nelik eylemlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc alabilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu s\u00fcrecin devam\u0131nda, yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurucusu s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan, Mustafa Kemal\u2019e y\u00f6nelik suikast te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ni\u00e7in ve hangi kas\u0131tla g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, gayet \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019de ayr\u0131\u015fan yap\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funun b\u00f6ylesi bir sosyolojik ve de siyasi bir tecr\u00fcbe ve ger\u00e7eklik \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmesi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yeni devletin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc liderlik profiline sahip bireylerine y\u00f6nelik b\u00f6ylesi suikastlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinin, temel itibar\u0131yla bir s\u00fcrpriz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek gerekir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ancak, baz\u0131 ifadelere g\u00f6re 14 Haziran 1926\u2019da<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> veya 16 Haziran 1926 tarihinde Mustafa Kemal\u2019e y\u00f6nelik \u0130zmir\u2019de bir suikast te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131ran baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00d6ncelikle, suikast d\u00fczenlenmeden s\u00f6z sonusu bu geli\u015fme i\u00e7inde yer alan Giritli \u015eevki\u2019nin ihbar\u0131 ile \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bununla birlikte, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilen \u00f6zellikle \u0130ttihat ve Terakki (<em>Centre for Union and Progress<\/em>-CUP) \u00fcyelerinin de i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015filerin tevkifi sadece o d\u00f6nemi de\u011fil, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilk birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen gayet \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fmedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, suikaste maruz kalan Mustafa Kemal\u2019in, bu suikast\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme e\u011filimi sergileyen yap\u0131 yani, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki ile yollar\u0131n\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem birle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Kald\u0131 ki, bu hareket 1908\u2019de 2. Me\u015frutiyetin il\u00e2n edilmesi ve ard\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra 2. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in tahttan indirilmesi gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k yeni bir ulus-devlete ve Cumhuriyet rejimine evrilen \u00f6nemli bir tarihi d\u00f6nemecin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na da neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kar\u015f\u0131-devrimciler olgusu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu noktada, \u00f6zellikle 1923-1926 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yani, Birinci Meclis sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan BMM\u2019nin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemin an\u0131lar\u0131, resmi tarih s\u00f6ylemini ortaya koyan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar vb. eserlerde devrim nitelikli oldu\u011fu belirtilen yasama s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle, yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019in ideolojik temelleri at\u0131l\u0131rken, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, ge\u00e7mi\u015fle bir hesapla\u015fman\u0131n oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ancak, burada dikkat \u00e7ekilmesi gereken husus, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in liderli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu belirtilen s\u00f6z konusu hesapla\u015fman\u0131n veya siyaset jargonuyla ifade edilecek olursa, kar\u015f\u0131-devrimin kimler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmak istendi\u011fi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131n, pek de kolay bulunabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bir yan\u0131nda, Yeni Cumhuriyet olu\u015fumu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendilerini d\u0131\u015farda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hisseden, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen birbirinden farkl\u0131 siyasal ve toplumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131n oldu\u011fudur. \u00d6yle ki, s\u00f6z konusu suikat giri\u015fimiyle do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funa vurgu yap\u0131lan \u0130ttihat ve Terakki bile, aralar\u0131nda \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131n, gayri-m\u00fcslimlerin vb. yap\u0131lar\u0131n da oldu\u011fu gayet kozmopolit bir siyasi yap\u0131 unsuruydu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nihayetinde ad\u0131, ilkeleri, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nden kapsaml\u0131 \u015fekilde ayr\u0131\u015fan, kendine Bat\u0131 medeniyetini rol ve model alan ideolojik duru\u015fun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olabilecek siyasal ve toplumsal unsurlar\u0131n, bir tek cenahtan ibaret ol\/a\/mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bununla birlikte, s\u00f6z konusu suikast giri\u015fiminin ard\u0131ndan, topyek\u00fcn denilebilecek bir sona u\u011frayan \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin olmas\u0131 gayet \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131, yeni Cumhuriyet rejimi ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni sona yakla\u015ft\u0131ran giri\u015fimlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc bir partinin hesapla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n da sona erdi\u011fi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Mustafa Kemal-\u0130ttihat ve Terakki ili\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d6te taraftan, t\u0131pk\u0131 ayn\u0131 askeri akademi mezunlar\u0131 ve hatta arkada\u015flar\u0131 gibi Mustafa Kemal\u2019in de, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7abalar i\u00e7ine girmi\u015f oldu\u011fu, zamanla bu yap\u0131 ile yollar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131, hatta bir d\u00f6nem, \u201c\u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin ordu ile sivil siyasi ili\u015fkilerini birbirinden ay\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\u201d konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f beyan etmesi, ortada gayet grift ili\u015fkilerin oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. <a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu noktada, \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ni sona yakla\u015ft\u0131ran bir\u00a0 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki y\u00f6netimi ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin siyasi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesinin ard\u0131ndan, yeni bir devletin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ve Kemalizm ad\u0131 verilen ideolojik zeminin birbirinin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu, zaman zaman g\u00fcndeme getirilir.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, bu yaz\u0131ya konu olan 16 Haziran 1926 tarihinde \u0130zmir\u2019deki suikast te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcyle ilgili olarak, \u201ckar\u015f\u0131 devrimcilerin ve \u0130ttihad ve Terakki\u2019cilerin Anayasa\u2019y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, y\u00f6netimi ele ge\u00e7irmek ve h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirmek emelleri etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015fti\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 veya bu anlama gelebilecek t\u00fcm ifadeler asl\u0131nda, b\u00f6ylesi bir s\u00fcrecin var oldu\u011funa i\u015faret eder.<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burada her ne kadar, suikaste giden s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u201ckar\u015f\u0131 devrimciler\u201d ile \u201c\u0130ttihad ve Terakkiciler\u201d ayr\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olsa da, s\u00f6z konusu geli\u015fme sonunda, \u201cortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lan yap\u0131n\u0131n\u201d \u0130ttihad ve Terakki olmas\u0131,<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> sanki bir bak\u0131ma bir d\u00f6nem Mustafa Kemal\u2019in de i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yap\u0131 b\u00fcnyesindeki i\u00e7-doku uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na ve zamanla varolu\u015f rekabetine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bir s\u00fcrece i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu geli\u015fmede, biraz populist bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak da de\u011ferlendirmeyi hak eden bir ba\u015fka iddia \u0130ttihat ve Terakki yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n gerek 2. Me\u015frutiyet ve gerekse ard\u0131ndan, Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019deki katk\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kendilerine hak edilen \u201cpay\u0131n\u201d verilmemesiyle ilgilidir.<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>De\u011fi\u015fim arzusu ve liderlik<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d6yle ki, Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma evrelerinin ba\u015flar\u0131nda yani, 1820\u2019lerden itibaren sivil ve askeri b\u00fcrokrasi ve ard\u0131ndan, edebiyat \u00e7evreleri \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki entellekt\u00fcel yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n siyasal ve toplumsal birlik olgusu etraf\u0131ndaki s\u00f6ylemlerine ra\u011fmen, hangi grubun veya ak\u0131m\u0131n ilkeleri ve ideolojileri \u00fczerinden birlik sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 konusu bizatihi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 bir evrenin do\u011fmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 evren az\u0131nl\u0131klar \u00fczerinden s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya evrilir ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketler olarak zuhur ederken, devletin ve toplumun merkezinde kabul edilebilecek \u00e7evrelerin siyasi ve toplumsal projelerini ortaya koyan s\u00f6ylem ve ideolojileri gazete sut\u00fcnlar\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin kahvehanelerinde, b\u00fcrokrasinin koridorlar\u0131nda ve gizli oda bulu\u015fmalar\u0131nda kendini ortaya koyuyordu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00fcm bu ve benzeri s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin akabinde, \u00f6nceki darbe giri\u015fimleri ve suikastler bir yana \u00f6zellikle, 1909 darbesi \u0130ttihad ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kapsaml\u0131 bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme do\u011fru gidildi\u011finin g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bununla birlikte, neredeyle yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131la varan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ideallere y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki s\u00f6ylemlerin somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f siyasal g\u00f6stergesi olan \u0130ttihad ve Terakki Partisi, nedenleri bir ba\u015fka yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu olan nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc tek partici yap\u0131ya evrilmesi hem kendi i\u00e7indeki alternatif s\u00f6ylemleri, hem de d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ancak zaten mutlakiyet\u00e7i addeden y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 duran \u00e7evrelerin s\u00f6ylemleri bertaraf edici bir mahiyet kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, rakiplerini \u2018suikastlarla\u2019 ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 bile g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burada k\u0131saca de\u011finilmesi gereken husus hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki son Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 ile Balkanlar\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sava\u015flar\u0131n belirleyicili\u011fi merkezde yani, \u0130stanbul y\u00f6netimini te\u015fkil eden \u0130ttihad ve Terakki b\u00fcnyesinde gerileme, i\u00e7e kapanma, tepkiselle\u015fme gibi s\u00fcre\u00e7leri de do\u011furmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin siyasi yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki iktidar\u0131n\u0131, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcreciyle kaybeden \u0130ttihat ve Terakki, var olan insan kaynaklar\u0131 ve m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrecini Milli M\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olsa da, siyasal ve entellekt\u00fcel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 1926 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki suikast te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc zanl\u0131s\u0131 su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla yitirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Temelde bu geli\u015fme, 1924 ve 1925 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki devrim niteli\u011findeki kanunlar\u0131yla yeni Cumhuriyet\u2019e ideolojik rengini verme \u00e7abas\u0131 kadar, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile bu devleti Me\u015frutiyet\u2019e eviren \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin de sonu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bir anlamda, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin, 1909-1918 boyunca do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 olarak iktidar ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 giderek daha \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak elinde tutma politikas\u0131, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra kendisine d\u00f6nen ve onu ortadan kald\u0131ran bir neden olarak kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, s\u00f6z konusu suikast giri\u015fimi, bundan \u00f6nceki birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen devrimler kadar \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> R\u0131za Nur; Grace Ellison. (2007). <em>\u0130lk Meclisin Perde Arkas\u0131: 1920-1923<\/em>, \u0130stanbul: \u00d6rg\u00fcn Yay\u0131nevi, s. 48.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a> M. Galip Baysan, \u201cAtat\u00fcrke Suikast Olay\u0131 \u2013 1 (16 Haziran 1926)\u201d, 6 Mart 2014, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altayli.net\/ataturke-suikast-olayi-1-16-haziran-1926.html\">https:\/\/www.altayli.net\/ataturke-suikast-olayi-1-16-haziran-1926.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Mustafa Kemal\u2019in, \u201c\u2026 Hepimiz \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti azas\u0131 idik\u2026\u201d ifadesi i\u00e7in <em>Bkz.<\/em>: G\u00fclten Sava\u015fal Savran. (2006). 1926 \u0130zmir Suikast\u0131 ve \u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri, <em>Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi<\/em>, \u0130zmir: Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lkeleri ve \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, s. 15.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u015eerif Aksoy. (2008). \u201c\u00d6ns\u00f6z\u201d, <em>\u0130ttihat ve terakki Cemiyeti Tarihi<\/em>, \u0130stanbul: NoktaKitap, s. 10. (9-10).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Bkz.: \u0130smail K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckk\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7. (2016). <em>J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkl\u00fck ve Kemalizm K\u0131skac\u0131nda \u0130ttihad\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/em>, \u0130stanbul: \u00d6t\u00fcken Ne\u015friyat, s. 15.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> G\u00fclten Sava\u015fal Savran. (2006). A.g.t., s. 2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Sina Ak\u015fin. (2017). \u201c\u00d6ns\u00f6z\u201d,\u00a0 <em>J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler ve \u0130ttihat ve Terakki<\/em>, 8. Bask\u0131, \u0130mge Kitabevi, s. 25. (25-30); \u0130smail K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckk\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7. (2016). A.g.e., s. 15; G\u00fclten Sava\u015fal Savran. (2006). A.g.t., s. 3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> G\u00fclten Sava\u015fal Savran. (2006). A.g.t., s. 3-4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> B\u00fcnyamin Ayhan. (2010). \u201cII. Me\u015frutiyet D\u00f6neminde \u0130ttihat ve Terakki, Siyaset ve Bas\u0131n\u201d, <em>\u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyet Devrinde Bas\u0131n ve Siyaset<\/em>, (ed.). Hakan Ayd\u0131n), Konya: Palet Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, s. 47. (43-70).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 16.06.2022 T\u00fcrk siyasi tarihinde suikastler ba\u015fka \u00fclkeleri [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4633,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4632"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4634,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4632\/revisions\/4634"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}