{"id":4557,"date":"2022-05-15T10:15:52","date_gmt":"2022-05-15T10:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4557"},"modified":"2022-05-15T10:31:58","modified_gmt":"2022-05-15T10:31:58","slug":"abd-asean-ozel-zirvesi-washngtonda-yapildi-the-special-summit-of-the-u-s-asean-in-washington","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/abd-asean-ozel-zirvesi-washngtonda-yapildi-the-special-summit-of-the-u-s-asean-in-washington\/","title":{"rendered":"ABD-ASEAN \u2018\u00f6zel\u2019 zirvesi Washington\u2019da yap\u0131ld\u0131 \/ The special Summit of the U.S. – ASEAN in Washington"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 14.05.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD-ASEAN aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin 45. y\u0131l\u0131 dolays\u0131s\u0131yla, 12-13 May\u0131s g\u00fcnlerinde Washington\u2019da \u00f6zel bir zirve yap\u0131ld\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu zirve, ABD-ASEAN aras\u0131nda ikili ili\u015fkilerin tarihsel boyutunun ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

ABD y\u00f6netimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00f6zellikle Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fanmakta olan ve k\u00fcresel belirsizlik ve kaos ortam\u0131na yol a\u00e7an geli\u015fmeye ra\u011fmen, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesine y\u00f6nelik ilgisinin devam etti\u011fini kan\u0131tlama pe\u015finde.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, 12-13 May\u0131s g\u00fcnlerinde Washington\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ABD-ASEAN \u00f6zel zirvesini bu \u00e7aban\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak g\u00f6rmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel sistem ve ilkeler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zirve ABD-ASEAN ili\u015fkileri kadar 24 \u015eubat\u2019tan bu yana k\u00fcresel g\u00fcndemi belirleyen Do\u011fu Avrupa krizine at\u0131fla da \u00f6nem at\u0131yor. Her ne kadar, ABD y\u00f6netiminin talebine ra\u011fmen, sonu\u00e7 bildirgesinde Rusya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011frudan k\u0131nanmas\u0131 konusunda bir karar \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yanda, daha \u00f6nce ASEAN \u00fcyesi baz\u0131 \u00fclke liderlerinin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar benzer \u015fekilde, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna i\u015fgaline y\u00f6nelik olarak, \u201csiyasal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve teritoryal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck\u201d vurgusu ve bunlar\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edilemeyece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalara ve konsens\u00fcse ba\u011fl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m sergilendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019y\u0131 hedef alan bir a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yer verilmemesinde, ASEAN \u00fcye \u00fclkelerinden \u00f6zellikle Vietnam, Myanmar ve Laos\u2019un Rusya ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkilerinin olmas\u0131 bulunuyor. Bu durum, ayn\u0131 zamanda birlik i\u00e7erisinde olas\u0131 bir gerilim ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da yol a\u00e7mamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gayet \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, G-20 d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n Kas\u0131ma ay\u0131nda Bali Adas\u0131\u2019nda yap\u0131lacak zirveye Rusya\u2019y\u0131 davet etmesine y\u00f6nelik ABD y\u00f6netiminden daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan itiraza ra\u011fmen, zirve s\u00fcrecinde a\u00e7\u0131ktan bir itiraz gelmedi\u011fi belirtilse de, ba\u015fkan Joko Widodo\u2019nun davet konusundaki \u0131srar\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Avrupa krizi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ABD y\u00f6netimi ASEAN\u2019dan arzu etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k ve do\u011frudan bir destek bulamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, ASEAN\u2019\u0131n ele\u015ftirilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Burada iki hususa dikkat \u00e7ekmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n

\u0130lki, \u00f6zellikle Barack Obama d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131 ABD y\u00f6netimlerinin genelde Asya-Pasifik ve \u00f6zelde ASEAN ile ili\u015fkilerde tek yanl\u0131 politikalar\u0131 tercih etmesi, jeo-ekonomik ili\u015fkiler yerine jeo-politi\u011fi \u00f6ncelemesinin \u00f6nemli bir etkisi bulunuyor. Bu durum, ASEAN taraf\u0131ndan gayet a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ele\u015ftiriliyor. Ve ortada bir kay\u0131ptan s\u00f6z etmek gerekirse, kaybedenin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 ABD oldu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci husus ise, ASEAN\u2019\u0131n bu yaz\u0131da da dile getirdi\u011fimiz \u00fczere, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde ilkeler \u00fczerinden hareket etti\u011fini s\u00fcrekli vurgulayan ASEAN y\u00f6netiminin, baz\u0131 handikaplara ra\u011fmen, kendi i\u00e7inde istikrarl\u0131 bir duru\u015f sergilemeye devam ediyor olu\u015fudur.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019nin ASEAN vurgusu<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu zirvenin, her y\u0131l ASEAN d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten ilgili \u00fclkenin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan zirvelere paralel olarak, t\u0131pk\u0131 di\u011fer stratejik ortakl\u0131klar bulunan \u00fclkeler gibi ABD ile de ASEAN topraklar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen zirvelerden bir fark\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu zirveye, \u2018\u00f6zel\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n konulmas\u0131 da bundan kaynaklan\u0131yor. Her ne kadar, iki taraf ili\u015fkilerinin 45. y\u0131l\u0131 \u2018g\u00fcndem\u2019 olarak ortaya konmu\u015f olsa da, Washington\u2019da yap\u0131lan bu zirvenin, yeni bir inisiyatif olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aksine, sab\u0131k ba\u015fkan Barack Obama d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hareketle s\u00f6ylemek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, Biden y\u00f6netiminin Obama d\u00f6nemi b\u00f6lge politikalar\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama noktas\u0131nda bir \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Zirveyi \u00f6zel k\u0131lan bir di\u011fer husus ise, ABD-ASEAN ikili ili\u015fkilerinin 45. y\u0131l\u0131 kutlamalar\u0131 olarak da zikredilmesi.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019nin bu zirve ile Pasifik ile Hint Okyanuslar\u0131 aras\u0131nda geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada jeo-politik ve jeo-stratejik \u00f6neme sahip, b\u00f6lgesel birlik olmas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken ASEAN ile ili\u015fkilerini var olan durumdan daha ileri d\u00fczeye getirmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Zirve\u2019de al\u0131nan kararlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en dikkat \u00e7eken geli\u015fmenin, ili\u015fkilerin 45. y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201ckapsaml\u0131 stratejik i\u015fbirli\u011fi\u201d antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 olacak.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak olan ASEAN genel zirvesine paralel olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek olan 10. ASEAN-ABD zirvesinde imzalanmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel belirsizlik<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD-ASEAN zirvesini Do\u011fu Avrupa krizi \u00f6ncesinde ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin bir devam\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019in Do\u011fu \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nden ba\u015flayarak G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi, Pasifik Adalar\u0131, Bengal K\u00f6rfezi, Basra K\u00f6rfezi gibi geni\u015f suyollar\u0131 boyunca agresif bir \u015fekilde kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 k\u0131rmaya ve okyanuslar ve ilintili suyollar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kendi egemenli\u011fini peki\u015ftirecek \u015fekilde yeni ittifaklarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Quad<\/em> ve Aukus<\/em> ile Hint-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde yeni ittifak bloklar\u0131 olu\u015fturan ABD hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu iki yap\u0131ya ASEAN \u00fclkelerini bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak veya en az\u0131ndan birli\u011fin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00fcyelerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 katma arzusunda.<\/p>\n

Bu konuda ASEAN b\u00fcnyesinde bir konsens\u00fcsten bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmasa da, pragmatik ve yaz\u0131n\u0131n ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde dikkat \u00e7ekilen uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tesiste ABD ile i\u015fbirli\u011fine yak\u0131n duracak \u00fclkelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu da biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar, ASEAN b\u00f6lgede sadece konvansiyonel de\u011fil n\u00fckleer silahlanmaya do\u011fru evrilme ihtimali ta\u015f\u0131yan bu geli\u015fmeden memnun olmasa da, \u00c7in\u2019in agresif yay\u0131lmac\u0131 s\u00fcrecinden de memnun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gayet a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in etkisi mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, kutlama \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kapsaml\u0131 etkinliklerin ortaya konulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ifade etmekte yarar var. Bunu, \u00c7in\u2019e yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n ASEAN d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor olmas\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131land\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, s\u00f6z konusu zirveyle ilgili olarak d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkan\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019dan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin \u00e7er\u00e7evesi kovid-19, k\u00fcresel sa\u011fl\u0131k, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma gibi genel konularla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, g\u00fcndem maddeleri i\u00e7erisinde G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi sorunu, Tayvan sorunu gibi Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinin g\u00fcvenlik merkezli konular\u0131n\u0131n yer almamas\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019in Kambo\u00e7ya \u00fczerindeki n\u00fcfuzu ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir.<\/p>\n

ASEAN tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu \u2018\u00f6zel\u2019 zirvenin sadece ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ASEAN a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da gayet \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekte yarar var.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, ASEAN\u2019\u0131n ABD ile ili\u015fkilerde rasyonel temeller \u00fczerine in\u015fa etme amac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, ASEAN taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamada, iki taraf ili\u015fkilerinin dayanak noktas\u0131 olarak Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, ASEAN s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, BM 1982 Deniz Kanunu S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (UNCLOS), G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n N\u00fckleer Silahlardan Ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (SEANWFZ) gibi uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, ASEAN\u2019\u0131n ne ABD ne de \u00c7in ile ili\u015fkilerinde kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n do\u011frudan bask\u0131s\u0131na muhatap olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aksine k\u00fcresel konsens\u00fcse dayal\u0131 ve bu anlamda evrensel de\u011ferleri i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmi\u015f bir b\u00f6lgesel blok olarak hareket etti\u011fi ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

ASEAN\u2019dan yap\u0131lan bu resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamada s\u00f6z konusu antla\u015fmalara vurgunun, gerek ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan k\u00fcresel demokrasi zirvesi, gerekse Do\u011fu Avrupa krizi sonras\u0131nda ABD\u2019de Biden y\u00f6netiminin, \u2018biz ve \u00f6tekiler\u2019 diyerek demokratik liberal \u00fclkeler ve otokratik\/diktat\u00f6r \u00fclkeler ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

Bunun ilk i\u015faretlerini s\u00f6z konusu zirve haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Mart ay\u0131 sonunda ABD\u2019ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki temaslar\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda gayet net bir \u015fekilde ortaya koymu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, Singapur\u2019un ve resmi olarak ASEAN\u2019\u0131n Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgalini destekledi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fi gibi, bunun \u00f6tesinde uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6ncelleyen bir k\u00fcresel siyaset anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hakim olmas\u0131 konusundaki bir \u00e7aba olarak g\u00f6rmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

12-13 May\u0131s g\u00fcnlerinde ABD ve ASEAN aras\u0131nda Washington\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u2018\u00f6zel\u2019 zirve, iki taraf aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin Kas\u0131ma ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak toplant\u0131da kapsaml\u0131 stratejik ortakl\u0131\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcyle \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u00d6te yandan, zirvenin, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz k\u00fcresel belirsizlik ortam\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerin ve b\u00f6lgesel bloklar\u0131n yeni bir k\u00fcresel d\u00fczen olu\u015fumuna katk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc de dikkate almak gerekir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 14.05.2022 ABD-ASEAN aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin 45. y\u0131l\u0131 dolays\u0131s\u0131yla, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4558,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asean","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4557"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4560,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4557\/revisions\/4560"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}