{"id":4439,"date":"2022-03-11T21:07:26","date_gmt":"2022-03-11T21:07:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4439"},"modified":"2022-03-11T21:07:26","modified_gmt":"2022-03-11T21:07:26","slug":"guney-kore-secimleri-ve-toplumsal-esitliksizcilik-olgusu-elections-in-south-korea-and-inequality-discourse-in-social-gender-phenomenon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/guney-kore-secimleri-ve-toplumsal-esitliksizcilik-olgusu-elections-in-south-korea-and-inequality-discourse-in-social-gender-phenomenon\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcney Kore se\u00e7imleri ve toplumsal e\u015fitliksizcilik olgusu \/ Elections in South Korea and inequality discourse in social gender phenomenon"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 11.03.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Kore\u2019de 9 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lan ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerini muhafazak\u00e2r parti aday\u0131n\u0131n kazanmas\u0131, son be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k demokrat parti sonras\u0131nda yeni bir d\u00f6neme girilmesi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. May\u0131s ay\u0131nda g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayacak olan yeni ba\u015fkan Yoon Suk-yeol, daha \u015fimdiden kampanya d\u00f6nemindeki s\u00f6ylemleriyle de\u011ferlendirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131 bile.<\/p>\n

Kutupla\u015fma s\u00f6yleminin banelli\u011fi (mi?)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu noktada, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleri ve al\u0131nan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n, G\u00fcney Kore kamuoyunun \u00f6zellikle toplumsal cinsiyet konusunda, ba\u015fkan adaylar\u0131n\u0131n tutumlar\u0131 noktas\u0131ndan kutupla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu\u011fu ifadelerine s\u00f6ylemine tan\u0131k olunuyor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu s\u00f6ylemin, son d\u00f6nemde giderek neredeyse, her \u00fclkede g\u00fcndeme getiriliyor olmas\u0131 asl\u0131nda, bir t\u00fcr medya prati\u011finden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 akla getiriyor. Yani, olgular\u0131 olumsuzdan\/negatiften g\u00f6rerek daha \u00e7ok talep toplamak ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir durum\u2026<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, on y\u0131llar \u00f6ncesindeki siyaset d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kutupla\u015fmalardan s\u00f6z edilebilece\u011fi gibi, bug\u00fcn, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde siyaset d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sert ge\u00e7en kampanya d\u00f6nemlerinin aksine, se\u00e7imler sonras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f ve huzur s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine konu oluyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, G\u00fcney Kore ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde ba\u015flayan feminizm kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylemini ve bu e\u011filimin se\u00e7im sonras\u0131nda da devam ediyor olu\u015funu, belki bu \u015fekilde ele almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Toplumsal cinsiyet ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7ilik olgusu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kampanya d\u00f6neminde muhafazak\u00e2r Halk G\u00fcc\u00fc Partisi (People Power Party<\/em>-PPP) aday\u0131 Yoon Suk-yeol\u2019un gen\u00e7 erkek se\u00e7mene a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veren s\u00f6ylemine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, liberal yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131yla bilinen Demokratik Parti (Democratic Party of Korea<\/em>-DPK) aday\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi konusuna yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan unsurlardan biriydi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, toplumsal cinsiyetin sorun olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an temel hususlar belli ya\u015f gruplar\u0131nda istihdam ve kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccrete tabi tutulmalar\u0131 ile kamusal alanda kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u2018gayri-ahl\u00e2ki\u2019 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftiricilik oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkenin demografik ve kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7esinde kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir ger\u00e7eklik olarak ekonomik istihdamda kad\u0131n-erkek fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeksizin var olan y\u00fcksek rekabet\u00e7ili\u011fin bizatihi kendisinin bir e\u015fitsizlik olgusuna yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek gerekir. \u0130stihdamda nitelik kadar, \u201cekonomiklik\u201d bir fakt\u00f6r olarak, bu anlamda kayda de\u011fer bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct olsa gerek.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkanlar ne demi\u015fti?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kampanya s\u00fcrecinde Yoon\u2019un daha \u00e7ok orta ya\u015f erkek se\u00e7men yanl\u0131s\u0131, rakibi Lee\u2019nin ise kad\u0131n se\u00e7men yanl\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6ylemleri hakim oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc temelde ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ve de yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen kutupla\u015fman\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Yoon\u2019un kampanya d\u00f6nemindeki s\u00f6ylemlerinden biri, toplumsal Aile ve Cinsiyet E\u015fitlik\u00e7ili\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeydi. S\u00f6z konusu bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7esinin sadece y\u00fczde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201ctoplumsal e\u015fitlik\u201d program ve uygulamalar\u0131na aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclecek olursa, Yoon\u2019un kampanya d\u00f6neminde \u201cg\u00f6n\u00fcl \u00e7elme\u201d bab\u0131nda bir s\u00f6ylemle bu konuyu ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Bunun \u00f6tesinde, daha yap\u0131sal bir engel ise parlamentoda Demokrat Parti\u2019nin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu elinde bulunduruyor olu\u015fu. Burada, \u015fu detay\u0131 belirtmekte yarar var. \u00dclkede ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ve parlamento se\u00e7imleri iki y\u0131l arayla yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Yoon\u2019un ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en az\u0131ndan, ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda var olan yap\u0131sal durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye matuf giri\u015fimlerinin, kimilerinin ifade etti\u011fi \u00fczere ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k noktas\u0131nda bir icraata yol a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131 gayet tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir durum.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131\u015fmada istihdam ve \u00fccret fakt\u00f6rleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, se\u00e7imler ba\u011flam\u0131nda, toplumsal cinsiyet tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde toplumda var olan baz\u0131 genel yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n kad\u0131n-erkek farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bunun ba\u015f\u0131nda ise OECD \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n erkeklere oranla, \u00fc\u00e7te bir daha az \u00fccret ald\u0131klar\u0131 verisi, tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n taraflar\u0131 i\u00e7in gayet \u00f6nemli bir veri olarak ortada duruyor.<\/p>\n

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, var olan tepkilerin bir yan\u0131nda da \u201cahl\u00e2k\u00e7\u0131 bir tutumla\u201d kad\u0131nlar\u0131n maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 hususlara vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bununla birlikte, hangi toplumsal kesimdeki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ne t\u00fcr \u2018e\u015fitsizlik\u00e7i\u2019 durumu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek ancak, detayl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla ortaya konulabilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fin ekonomik boyutunda erkeklerin kendilerini \u201chaks\u0131z\u201d konumda bulduklar\u0131 hususu, bir ba\u015fka toplumsal cinsiyet farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na kap\u0131 aral\u0131yor. O da askerlik ve i\u015f bulma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerindeki \u00f6ncellik ve gecikmi\u015flik durumu.<\/p>\n

Erkeklerin, zorunlu 18 ay askerli\u011fi s\u00fcrecinde, -ki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00f6ylesi bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin olmamas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla- muadili kad\u0131nlar\u0131n istihdamdan \u00f6ncelikle yararlanabildikleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce hakim.<\/p>\n

Oranlar ne diyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Se\u00e7imin sonunda, yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 muhafazak\u00e2r Yoon kazanm\u0131\u015f olsa da, aradaki oy fark\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde rakipler aras\u0131nda en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oy oran\u0131 yani, 0.73 olmas\u0131 asl\u0131nda, ne feminizm kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne de toplumsal e\u015fitlik\u00e7ilik y\u00f6neliminin bir \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Dikkatle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken bir di\u011fer nokta ya\u015f gruplar\u0131n\u0131n bu konuya dair ilgileri\u2026 Se\u00e7ime kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 77.1 oldu. 20\u2019li ya\u015flardaki kad\u0131n se\u00e7menlerin kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 68.4 oldu; yine ayn\u0131 ya\u015flardaki erkek se\u00e7menlerin oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 62.6 oldu.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, bu oran\u0131n asl\u0131nda liberal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahip, toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitlik\u00e7isi Demokrat Parti aday\u0131n\u0131n lehine bir durum ortaya koydu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

E\u015fitlik\u00e7ilik yan\u0131lsamas\u0131 ve di\u011fer toplumsal fakt\u00f6rler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir tekrar olmakla birlikte, iki aday aras\u0131ndaki oy fark\u0131n\u0131n sadece 250 binin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu hat\u0131rlanacak olursa, baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerin toplumsal cinsiyet olgusu \u00fczerinden \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kartmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 se\u00e7im analizinin ger\u00e7ekte \u00f6yle olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, altm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fczeri ya\u015f se\u00e7menlerin \u00f6rne\u011fin, y\u00fczde 68.8 oran\u0131 gibi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Yoon\u2019u desteklemesi ve Lee\u2019yi ise y\u00fczde 32.8 gibi bir oranla daha az desteklemesinin, bu kitle aras\u0131nda toplumsal cinsiyet\u00e7ilik olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6te, asl\u0131nda ya\u015f gruplar\u0131 ve toplumsal kesimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 sosyo-ekonomik sorunlara \u00f6nem verdikleri \u015feklinde yorumlanabilir.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, baz\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplumsal e\u015fitsizlik durumuna dair \u201chassasiyetin\u201d 20\u2019li ve 30\u2019lu ya\u015f grubunda belirginlik kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yani, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, se\u00e7menlerin genel e\u011filimleri ve y\u00f6nelimleri itibar\u0131yla \u00f6nemsedikleri ba\u015fka konular oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrebiliriz. Kald\u0131 ki, bu hususlar\u0131 d\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131m\u0131zda dile getirmi\u015ftik\u2026<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisi sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zemiyor (mu?)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Son d\u00f6nemde, kad\u0131n\u0131n sesi olarak g\u00fcndeme gelen tepkisel hareketler i\u00e7erisinde, 1980\u2019lerin Bat\u0131\u2019da \u2018ben\u2019 toplumu s\u00f6ylemini ans\u0131tacak \u015fekilde, \u201cMeToo\u201dcular\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Sadece Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fil, ucu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kadar uzanacak \u015fekilde etkilere sahip olan G\u00fcney Kore, m\u00fczik ve film sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ra\u011fmen, toplumsal cinsiyet konusu kad\u0131n-erkek ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda devam etmesi incelenmeye de\u011fer bir durum.<\/p>\n

Son birka\u00e7 on y\u0131ld\u0131r k\u00fclt\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisine \u00f6nemli yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan G\u00fcney Kore\u2019de, s\u00f6z konusu bu end\u00fcstrinin do\u011fas\u0131nda var olan kad\u0131ns\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k olgusuna ra\u011fmen, bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 bu geli\u015fmi\u015f -post-modern toplumda kad\u0131n-erkek e\u015fitsizli\u011fi s\u00f6ylemi dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bu toplumsal olgunun \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi kadar, medya gibi baz\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n toplumsal olgular\u0131 belirle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar \u00fczerinden anlama ve anlamland\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n da sorunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki yeri ve \u00f6nemi \u00fczerinde durulmay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/p>\n

Muhafazak\u00e2r yeni ba\u015fkan Yoon\u2019un, siyasal ve ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131l\u0131kla an\u0131lmay\u0131 hak eden profesyonel siyaset d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7inden gelmemesi ve \u00f6te yandan, bir ba\u015fsavc\u0131 olmas\u0131 yani, adalet kurumunun zirvesinden gelmesinin toplumsal adalet olgusu \u00fczerinde daha fazla durabilece\u011fini yads\u0131mamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, Yoon\u2019un G\u00fcney Kore toplumunda var olan ekonomik ve \u2018ahl\u00e2kilik\u2019 sorununu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, onun \u00f6zellikle son be\u015f y\u0131lda dev yolsuzluk davalar\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na e\u015f de\u011fer ses getirecek, hatta bu konuda muadili \u00fclkeler \u00f6rneklik bile te\u015fkil edebilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 11.03.2022 G\u00fcney Kore\u2019de 9 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4439"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4441,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4439\/revisions\/4441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}