{"id":4300,"date":"2022-01-16T10:47:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-16T10:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4300"},"modified":"2022-01-16T10:47:00","modified_gmt":"2022-01-16T10:47:00","slug":"abdden-guney-cin-deniz-raporu-the-u-s-released-the-south-china-sea-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/abdden-guney-cin-deniz-raporu-the-u-s-released-the-south-china-sea-report\/","title":{"rendered":"ABD\u2019den G\u00fcney \u00c7in Deniz raporu \/ The U.S. released the South China Sea Report"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 16.01.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hafta i\u00e7inde ABD\u2019de kamuoyuyla payla\u015f\u0131lan bir belge ABD-\u00c7in ili\u015fkileri kadar, Asya Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi sorununun yeni bir safhaya girdi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201cOkyanus ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7evre ve Bilimsel \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar Ofisi\u201dnce, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019ndeki teritoryal hak iddialar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak yay\u0131nlanan 47 sayfal\u0131k belge, bu soruna dair, yeni bir s\u00fcrecin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 denizcilik yasalar\u0131 ve \u00c7in\u2019in hak iddias\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan belge, \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019ne kom\u015fu ASEAN\u2019a \u00fcye be\u015f \u00fclkesinin teritoryal hak iddialar\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2line dayan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi sorununun uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olsa da, \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019de \u015ei Cinping\u2019in devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koltu\u011funa oturmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra yani, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelmesiyle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, yeni bir aktif eylem pl\u00e2n\u0131 olarak hem uluslararas\u0131 denizcilik ticareti hem de zengin kaynaklara ev sahipli\u011fi ile \u00f6nem arz eden G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90\u2019l\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde hak iddia ediyor ve bu b\u00f6lgeyi bir \u201ci\u00e7 deniz\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu durum, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Vietnam, Filipinler, Malezya, Bruney ve son d\u00f6nemde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere Endonezya gibi ASEAN\u2019a \u00fcye be\u015f \u00fclkenin teritoryal hak iddialar\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2line dayan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, \u00f6zellikle son on y\u0131lda giderek art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu ancak, zaman zaman y\u00fckselen s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ihtimalini art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik s\u00f6ylem ve eylemlerin, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda Filipinler \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere uluslararas\u0131 mahkemelere de ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve 2016\u2019da \u00c7in aleyhine verilen karar\u0131n hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, ABD\u2019nin iddialar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemine \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere Haag\u2019daki Uluslararas\u0131 Mahkeme\u2019nin, 12 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde verdi\u011fi kararla Filipinler\u2019in ba\u015fvurusunu kabul ederek, \u00c7in\u2019in G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nde Spratly Adalar\u0131 ve civar\u0131ndaki suni adalarda sivil ve askeri alt yap\u0131 in\u015faat\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan belge ile Uluslararas\u0131 Deniz Hukuku\u2019nu g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yan ABD y\u00f6netimi, bug\u00fcne kadar G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi sorununa dair en kapsaml\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminde gelen ilk tepki ise, b\u00f6lgedeki deniz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki i\u015fbirli\u011fini zedeleyici yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n, bizatihi b\u00f6lge \u00fclkesi olmayan ABD taraf\u0131ndan ortaya konuldu\u011fu belirtilerek kar\u015f\u0131 ele\u015ftiri geli\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in ele\u015ftirilerinin en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ise, s\u00f6z konusu belgede at\u0131fta bulunulan, 1982 y\u0131l\u0131na ait Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea<\/em>-UNCLOS) ABD\u2019nin imza atmamas\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, bunda hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 yok de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

ABD-ASEAN ili\u015fkilerinin belirleyicili\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, yukar\u0131da da dikkat \u00e7ekilen G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019 \u00e7evreleyen \u00fclkelerle ABD aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvenlik ve stratejik i\u015fbirlikleri, ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgede var olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu bu \u00fclkelerin \u00c7in\u2019le do\u011frudan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 halinde, bir anlamda do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak taraf oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, bu belgenin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 sadece Pekin\u2019de olumsuz bir tepki anlam\u0131nda yank\u0131 bulmakta kalmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aksine, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin Manila, Kuala Lumpur, Jakarta, Singapur, Hanoi gibi ba\u015fkentlerinde de ilgili \u00fclkelerin kendi tekil ve ASEAN b\u00f6lgesel birli\u011fi olarak \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki teritoryal hak iddialar\u0131 ve bu konuda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ellerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek bir dayanak te\u015fkil etmesiyle de kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Belge: Ni\u00e7in \u015fimdi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu belgenin ni\u00e7in bug\u00fcn yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, bu belge ile ABD ne yapmak istiyor sorular\u0131n\u0131 birbiri ard\u0131na sormak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7in sorunu\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z husus, ABD i\u00e7 siyaseti ve d\u0131\u015f siyaseti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gayet \u00f6nem arz ediyor. Bu nokta, ABD kamuoyuna \u00fclkenin h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu teyit etme imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131rken, b\u00f6ylece i\u00e7 siyasette Demokratlar ve Cumhuriyet\u00e7ileri ortak hedefte birle\u015ftirme gibi bir anlam\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, ABD\u2019nin ekonomik bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelen ve bunu ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131rarak teritoryal, siyasi ve askeri egemenlik alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeyi, -en az\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylem ve k\u0131smen ortaya koyan- \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almaya y\u00f6nelik bir politika geli\u015ftirilmesi ihtiyac\u0131ndan do\u011fuyor. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde tan\u0131k olundu\u011fu \u00fczere, ABD\u2019de Joe Biden y\u00f6netimi, bu y\u00f6ndeki ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 Asya-Pasifik kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan Hint-Pasifik kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelerek ittifak imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerini art\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefliyor.<\/p>\n

Sab\u0131k ba\u015fkan Donald Trump d\u00f6neminde, \u00c7in\u2019le ya\u015fanan ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131daki yakla\u015f\u0131mla ili\u015fkili g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte, bizzat Trump\u2019\u0131n vulgar<\/em> politikalar\u0131, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde destekten ziyade belirsizli\u011fin hakim olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken, bir anlamda \u00c7in\u2019in ekme\u011fine ya\u011f s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nem, belki de \u00c7in\u2019i Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde bir yandan, kendi do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde tutabilecek \u00f6te yandan, zamanla onu da i\u00e7ine alarak ya da Bat\u0131l\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, \u2018ehlile\u015ftirerek\u2019 g\u00f6rece bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olu\u015fturabilecek Trans Pasifik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan (Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement<\/em>-TPPA) \u00e7ekilerek ortadan kald\u0131ran\u0131n da bizzat Trump olmas\u0131, ABD ulusal g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir handikab\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019de bu s\u00fcreci tersine \u00e7evirmeyi ama\u00e7layan Joe Biden y\u00f6netiminin, ge\u00e7en bir y\u0131l boyunca sergiledi\u011fi politikalara g\u00f6z at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u2018Asya-Pasifik\u2019 yerine \u2018Hint-Pasifik\u2019 kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na h\u0131zl\u0131 bir ge\u00e7i\u015fine tan\u0131k olunuyor. Tabii, ABD nezdinde giri\u015fimleriyle Japonya, Singapur ve Avustralya gibi \u00fclkelerin bu s\u00fcrece aktif katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, k\u00fcresel egemen bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak ABD\u2019nin tek ba\u015f\u0131na hareket etmedi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. Aksine, \u00c7in\u2019in teritoryal egemenlik ve denizcilik politikalar\u0131n\u0131n gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k hedefi haline gelen ve\/ya kendini tehdit alt\u0131nda hisseden yukar\u0131da zikredilen \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yak\u0131n ve orta mesafedeki co\u011frafyalardaki \u00fclkelerle yak\u0131n i\u015fbirlikleri ve yeni stratejik askeri ve g\u00fcvenlik antla\u015fmalar\u0131yla bu s\u00fcrecin yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

ABD iddialar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana \u00f6zellikle de, 2010\u2019dan itibaren ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler, ABD\u2019nin hem i\u00e7 politikada hem de uluslararas\u0131 arenada g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7eli\u015fkiler ve meydan okumalarla dolu.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, \u00c7in \u00f6zelinde geli\u015fme g\u00f6steren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131yla kendini ortaya koyarken, ABD\u2019nin almakta oldu\u011fu \u00f6nlemlerin belki g\u00fcn\u00fc kurtarma anlam\u0131nda aksine, orta ve uzun vadede yani y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca etkili olacak geli\u015fmeler olarak de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Ancak yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen politikalar\u0131n ne denli s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir oldu\u011fu da sorgulanmay\u0131 hak ediyor. Bu noktada, \u00c7in\u2019in k\u00fcresel arenada kendine yer a\u00e7ma ad\u0131na ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 politikalar kadar, ABD i\u00e7 politikas\u0131ndaki a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n da engelleyici bir mahiyet ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek unsurlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, ABD\u2019nin i\u00e7 politikas\u0131nda ya\u015fanmakta olan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda, yak\u0131n gelecekte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak geli\u015fmeler bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Bir yandan, kovid-19\u2019un \u00e7e\u015fitli varyasyonlarla etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fu a\u015famada, ekonomik kalk\u0131nma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n arzu edilir d\u00fczeye ula\u015famam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve -di\u011fer nedenler bir yana- bunun neden oldu\u011fu y\u00fcksek enflasyon; 2021 A\u011fustos\u2019unda Afganistan\u2019dan \u00e7ekilme s\u00fcrecinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kaos ve karga\u015fa ortam\u0131; bu geli\u015fmenin, ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgedeki son yirmi y\u0131ldaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u2018hi\u00e7\u2019 anlam\u0131na geldi\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131k bir kan\u0131t\u0131 olmas\u0131; 6 Ocak 2021 Capitol Hill<\/em> bask\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 y\u00f6nelimin devam etmesiyle bir anlamda, rejim sorunu olmaya devam etmesi gibi hususlar ABD i\u00e7 siyasetinin a\u00e7mazlar\u0131 olarak ortada duruyor.<\/p>\n

Bu ve benzeri geli\u015fmelerden hareketle, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak ara se\u00e7imlerde Demokratlar\u0131n senato ve temsilciler meclisinde \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kaybetmesini kazanmas\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek bir ihtimal olarak g\u00f6renlerin oran\u0131 az\u0131msanacak gibi de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Bu anlamda, 2024 sonundaki se\u00e7imlerde yeni bir \u201cTrump adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ABD kamuoyunda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fckleyecek bir geli\u015fme olacakt\u0131r. Bu durum, ABD\u2019nin genel itibar\u0131yla d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda, \u00f6zelde ise \u00c7in\u2019le olan ili\u015fkilerinde bir zaafiyet nedeni olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019de G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi \u00f6zelinde ya\u015fanan sorunlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme getirilen raporun dayanak noktas\u0131n\u0131 ASEAN\u2019\u0131n merkezinde bulundu\u011fu ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Bir yandan uluslararas\u0131 deniz ticaretin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn hakim oldu\u011fu \u00f6te yandan ke\u015ffedilmeyi bekleyen yeni do\u011fal ve deniz kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nin g\u00fcndemde yer almaya devam edece\u011finin i\u015faretidir. Burada, temel husus sorunun, taraflar aras\u0131nda aktif bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya meydan vermeden uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar yoluyla halledilip halledilemeyece\u011fi meselesidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 16.01.2022 Hafta i\u00e7inde ABD\u2019de kamuoyuyla payla\u015f\u0131lan bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4300"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4302,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4300\/revisions\/4302"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}