{"id":4197,"date":"2021-11-28T18:13:39","date_gmt":"2021-11-28T18:13:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4197"},"modified":"2021-11-28T18:19:57","modified_gmt":"2021-11-28T18:19:57","slug":"malay-takimadalari-calismalarinda-yeni-bir-bakis-acisi-ihtiyaci-a-need-of-a-new-perspective-in-the-studies-of-malay-archipelago","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/malay-takimadalari-calismalarinda-yeni-bir-bakis-acisi-ihtiyaci-a-need-of-a-new-perspective-in-the-studies-of-malay-archipelago\/","title":{"rendered":"Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda yeni bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 \/ A need of a new perspective in the studies of Malay Archipelago"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 28.11.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

Co\u011frafi ve tarihi bir veri olarak Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131, 1960\u2019lardan itibaren \u00f6zellikle, yeni ulus devletleri tarihsel ba\u011flamlar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015fif ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ulus devletle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini zihinsel ve entelekt\u00fcel olarak yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131n ad\u0131 olarak eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrge metropolleri yani, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin ba\u015fkentleri veya \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerindeki \u00fcniversiteler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezlerince \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara konu oldu.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcne de\u011fin gelinen a\u015famalar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fecek y\u00f6ntem ve yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle, gayet \u00f6nemli mesafe kat edildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek gerekir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi ili\u015fkilerini s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin bir devam\u0131 ve yenileyicisi olarak yeniden ele almak kadar, bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc de\u011ferleri kabul edilebilecek el yazmalar\u0131, antropolojik \u00f6geler\/elementler, arkeolojik veriler, s\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr ba\u011flamlar\u0131 ile zengin kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden anlamland\u0131rmak ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin bitti\u011fini, sonland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, art\u0131k yap\u0131lacak bir \u015fey kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek ise m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor. Bunun birka\u00e7 nedeni oldu\u011fu gibi, bu nedenlerden hareketle baz\u0131 yeni a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n ortaya konulmas\u0131na elverecek ba\u011flamlar mevcut bulunuyor. Ancak bunlar\u0131 ke\u015ffedebilmenin ve anlamland\u0131rabilmenin yolu, b\u00f6lgeyi tekil eylemlerle ve alanlarla de\u011fil, kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele almakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor. Buna a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da de\u011finece\u011fim.<\/p>\n

Bunun \u00f6ncesinde, dikkat \u00e7ekilmesi gereken konu Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir suyollar\u0131 zengini b\u00f6lge olmas\u0131; tarihini, toplumsal, siyasal ve dini-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkilerinin yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bu suyollar\u0131n\u0131n gayet dinamik bir s\u00fcreklilik ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hem geni\u015f denizler, okyanuslar hem de kara par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00fczerinde nehirler ile adalar\/b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131 etkile\u015fim s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir nitelik arz etmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kara par\u00e7alar\u0131nda yer alan irili ufakl\u0131 nehirlerin, liman kasabalar\u0131\/\u015fehirleri ile i\u00e7 da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc dinamizme olanak tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu geni\u015f suyollar\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmeyen aksine, bunlar\u0131 eksene alarak bug\u00fcne ortaya konulan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ad\u0131na, revisiting<\/em> denilen yakla\u015f\u0131mla, bug\u00fcne kadar ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f konular\u0131, iki kapak aras\u0131na getirilmi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, seminerlerde sunulmu\u015f akademik dergilerle yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f eserleri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irerek bunlar\u0131 yeni veriler, y\u00f6ntemler ve yorumsamac\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlarla yeniden ele almak, hem ilgili akademi \u00e7evrelerinin bilim alan\u0131na hem de, ilgili co\u011frafyalardaki toplumlar\u0131n tarihsel ge\u00e7mi\u015flerine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki yakla\u015f\u0131ma paralel \u015fekilde g\u00fcndeme getirilmesinde yaran olan y\u00f6ntem, b\u00f6lge ge\u00e7mi\u015fini ve hatta modern ulus-devletler d\u00f6nemlerini uzun d\u00f6nemleri (longue duree<\/em>) ile ele al\u0131nmas\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Tekil hadiselerin, olgular\u0131n; tekil bireylerin ve gruplar\u0131n tarihin bir evresinde ortaya koyduklar\u0131 \u00e7abalar, eylemler, \u00fcr\u00fcnler kadar, di\u011fer benzerlerinin yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan etkilenmelerinin o ana-zamana-mek\u00e2na bir kay\u0131t oldu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Tarih veya sosyal tarih alan\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bu anlamda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bir k\u0131ymeti oldu\u011funu da ink\u00e2r etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fi uzun d\u00f6nemli perspektiflerde ele alan Frans\u0131z sosyal bilimci Fernand Braudel\u2019e at\u0131fla Braduelian yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olarak literat\u00fcrde yer alan yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n halen gayet i\u015flevsel oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekte yarar var.<\/p>\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fte hayat s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f farkl\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n, siyasi yap\u0131lar\u0131n\/devletlerin hem kendi i\u00e7inde tek tek k\u0131sa-uzun d\u00f6nemliliklerini; hem de bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak geni\u015f Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 anlamada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Bunun \u00f6rneklerini, \u00f6rne\u011fin Anthony Reid gibi baz\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 sosyal bilim ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n eserlerinde g\u00f6zlemlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n, baz\u0131 te\u015febb\u00fcslere ra\u011fmen, \u00fclkemiz akademi d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in halen \u2018yeni\u2019 stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgenin sosyal bilimler sahas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na konu edilmesi bizde yayg\u0131n olan Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ili\u015fkisini bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle Osmanl\u0131-Avrupa ili\u015fkilerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gereken ve de beklenen bir di\u011fer yenilik \u0130slamiyetin merkezi konumuna sahip oldu\u011fu iddia edilen ve bu anlamda hem \u0130slami bilimlerde hem de \u0130slam tarihi ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck kadar bir t\u00fcr bilimsel hegemonya da tesis etmi\u015f olan yap\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarihi olgular\u0131n ve s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin birbiri ard\u0131na dizilmesine yani kronolojisine bir itiraza mahal olmamakla birlikte, \u0130slamiyete toplumsal ger\u00e7eklikte ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi, meydan okumalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda direni\u015fi gibi, bir dizi olgular \u00fczerinden yakla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc hususiyetleri i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, asl\u0131nda yukar\u0131da Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 denilerek bir \u015fekilde dini-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131\/etkile\u015fimi g\u00fcndeme iki farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131na dair tarihi okuma \u00e7abas\u0131na at\u0131f yap\u0131l\u0131rken, Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak suretiyle asl\u0131nda, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n bizatihi kendi i\u00e7erisinde, merkezini te\u015fkil eden yap\u0131lar\u0131n gayet geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada, gayet geni\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrler dizisine ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Malay d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 anlama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 es ge\u00e7mesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Bununla, yani Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 akademik inceleme ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma nesnesi k\u0131lmakla bir yandan klasik Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ili\u015fkisine, \u00f6te yandan \u00f6rne\u011fin, Ortado\u011fu gibi, \u0130slam toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunduklar\u0131 co\u011frafi mek\u00e2n \u00fczerindeki \u00f6zellikleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak, bir ba\u015fka co\u011frafyadaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hatta bir alternatif olma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma nesnesi olarak ortaya konulacak olan bu co\u011frafi geni\u015fleme, bizi yukar\u0131da at\u0131fta bulunulan Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde var olan \u00f6zellikle \u2018H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k dini d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm, Budizm, Hinduizm gibi gayet \u00f6nemli Do\u011fu dinleri ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara en az\u0131ndan g\u00f6z atmam\u0131z\u0131, ve zamanla ansiklopedik bilginin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015farak, derinle\u015fmemize imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Malay Tak\u0131madalar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n, bu topraklar\u0131n tarihsel ve geleneksel olarak do\u011frudan ili\u015fkide bulundu\u011fu Hint Okyanusu\u2019nun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fc g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez. Hatta bu durum, daha \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde var olan Hint Okyanusu-Akdeniz ili\u015fkisinden hareketle biz T\u00fcrklerin veya bu co\u011frafya \u00fczerindeki di\u011fer toplumlar\u0131n \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi sosyal, ekonomik, siyasi yap\u0131lar\u0131na dair baz\u0131 verileri ortaya koyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 cesaretle s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Hint Okyanusu boyunca s\u00fcren uzun tarihi d\u00f6nemleri kapsayan ticari ve ekonomik ili\u015fkiler, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel diff\u00fczyonlar erken d\u00f6nem \u0130slam toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n insan-insan, insan-do\u011fa ili\u015fkileri kadar, d\u00f6nemlerinde onlara mobilite kazand\u0131ran \u00f6zellikle denizcilik teknolojilerini ve buna destek veren di\u011fer yan kollar\u0131; ekonomik yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve bunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131lan mekanizmalar\u0131 anlamam\u0131za elverecek doneler i\u00e7erdi\u011fini g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. Bu durum, \u00f6rne\u011fin, 1498\u2019de Vasco de Gama\u2019y\u0131 Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinden Kalikut\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131ran bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman denizciydi s\u00f6yleminin tekil bir veri olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karacak, s\u00f6z konusu bu s\u00fcreci daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u00fcrece eklemlendirmeye arac\u0131l\u0131k edecektir.<\/p>\n

Malay Tak\u0131mdalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131k, izole edilmi\u015f bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011fil, aksine Hint ve \u00c7in k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 ile uzun erimli ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lere de\u011fil, genel anlam\u0131yla bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l (peaceful) boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesi sadece tarihi bir veri olarak anlaml\u0131 kalmayacak, bir yandan s\u00f6zde ke\u015fifler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla ba\u015flayan ve Hint Okyanusu co\u011frafyas\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yan Avrupa \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn aradan ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131llarda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaba izleri temizleyebilmeye ve belki de bug\u00fcne bir \u015feyler s\u00f6yleyebilmeye olanak tan\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131l\u0131 akademisyenlerin Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, tekil ara\u015ft\u0131rma alanlar\u0131 kadar genel itibar\u0131yla b\u00f6lge \u00fczerine s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 bir t\u00fcr monopol olarak ellerinde tutmalar\u0131na, ellerindeki verileri Avrupa merkezi teorilerle yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken Clifford Geertz\u2019in literat\u00fcre -maalesef- katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018syncreticism<\/em>\u2019 olgusunun diyelim ki, Cava M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel dini yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n bug\u00fcne aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olgulardan hareketle g\u00fcya, \u2018hakiki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmad\u0131klar\u0131\u2019 s\u00f6ylemine ula\u015ft\u0131rmak yerine, Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 ve ilintili co\u011frafyada din olgusunu, tarih boyunca ne denli s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve birbirini destekleyen bir forma b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015feklinde yerele<\/em> uygun a\u00e7\u0131klamalara ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u2018Ortado\u011fu \u0130slam\u0131\u2019 olgusunun hem tarihsel hem de \u00f6zellikle, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flayan \u2018y\u00fcksek s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6neminin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu yeni yap\u0131larla bug\u00fcne kadar uzanan defolu yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n tarihsel olarak Hint Okyanusu co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hat\u0131rlan\u0131lmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u2019n\u0131n merkezi bir noktada yer alaca\u011f\u0131, bir yan\u0131nda \u00c7in \u00f6te yan\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019daki toplumlar\u0131n \u0130slamla ili\u015fkilerinde uzun tarihsel d\u00f6nemlerdeki varl\u0131klar\u0131 bize yeni kavramalar ve bunlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kavu\u015fturabilecektir. Bu durum, bize uzunca bir s\u00fcredir sorunlar yuma\u011f\u0131 olmakla kalmayan var olan ve s\u00fcrekli \u00fcretilen sorunlarla bir Ortado\u011fu toplumlar \u015femas\u0131n\u0131n darl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi bir sonucu da ula\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 merkeze alacak ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n; mevcut ve yerel bilgi kaynaklar\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulacak yeni verilerin yorumsamac\u0131 teknikle analizleri kan\u0131mca Avrupa reform ve r\u00f6nesans\u0131na e\u015flik eden ekonomik yap\u0131 olarak kapitalizmin geli\u015fme evrelerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 Avrupa yapan dini-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerin bizatihi kendi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler ve meydan okumalarla Reformasyon ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda sek\u00fclerle\u015fmeyi zamanla, kar\u015f\u0131-sek\u00fclerle\u015fmeyi do\u011fururken burada unutulmamas\u0131 gereken gayet \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015fka s\u00fcre\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimlerin tetikleyici oldu\u011funa neredeyse, herkesin hem fikir oldu\u011fu ticaret-ekonomi ili\u015fkilerinin ba\u015flat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc geli\u015ftiricisi olarak uzun d\u00f6nemli s\u00f6m\u00fcrge s\u00fcrecinde, Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 ve Hint Okyanusu merkezli yap\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez bir yeri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Max Weber, Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da bir ekonomi sistemi olarak kapitalizmi do\u011furan \u015fartlardan, \u2018en az\u0131ndan biri\u2019 olarak Kalvinci etik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 -daha do\u011frusu bu dini-etik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n arzu edilmeyen sonucu (unintended consequence<\/em>) olarak ortaya koyarken, Kalvinci cemaat ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, onlarla i\u015f tutan di\u011fer din-i\u00e7i, d\u0131n-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 toplum \u00e7evrelerinin para\/sermaye, i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, m\u00fcte\u015febbislik, i\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7i, mal, tedarik, arz, talep, \u00e7ek, faiz, banker\/banka vb. t\u00fcm ekonomi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ve mekanizmalar\u0131na kaynakl\u0131k te\u015fkil eden, var olanlar\u0131 canland\u0131ran ve \u00f6zellikle de sermaye ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131lan ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Atlantik\u2019ten ziyade Hint Okyanusu\u2019na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik ve detaylar\u0131yla ortaya konulmal\u0131 ve\/ya g\u00fcncellenmelidir.<\/p>\n

Bu uzun d\u00f6nemli s\u00fcrecin ticaret kapitalizmi (mercantalist<\/em>) bir s\u00fcre sonra sanayi kapitalizmine evrilmesi, Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131, Hint Okyanusu ile ili\u015fkileri sonland\u0131rmak bir yana, haddi zat\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015fin ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 olarak Avrupa \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine yeni piyasa aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda gayet a\u00e7\u0131k ve m\u00fcnbit piyasalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etti\u011fini ve k\u0131z\u0131\u015fan rekabetin nas\u0131l Avrupa toplumlar\u0131nda, 16 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l ilk yar\u0131s\u0131ndaki din sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, bu sefer birbiri ard\u0131na s\u00f6m\u00fcrge topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden ekonomi sava\u015flar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm verileriyle ortaya koymak gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin \u00fcstesinden gelmenin pek kolay bir i\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada. Bununla birlikte, bug\u00fcne kadar kaybedilen zaman\u0131n yerini doldurabilecek ciddi, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir akademik ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma eylem pl\u00e2n\u0131 kendini hissettirmektedir. Ancak bu s\u00fcrece ba\u015flarken, en \u00f6nemli ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n bilgi edinme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde Malay Tak\u0131madalar\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmay\u0131 bekleyen de\u011ferler, veriler oldu\u011funu unutmamak gerekiyor. Bu \u015fart bir gerek \u015fart olarak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde duruyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 28.11.2021 Co\u011frafi ve tarihi bir veri olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4197"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4198,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4197\/revisions\/4198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}