{"id":4122,"date":"2021-10-22T19:37:11","date_gmt":"2021-10-22T19:37:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4122"},"modified":"2021-10-22T19:37:11","modified_gmt":"2021-10-22T19:37:11","slug":"aseanda-myanmar-sorunu-gerginlik-mi-degisim-mi-the-matter-of-myanmar-in-asean-tension-or-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/aseanda-myanmar-sorunu-gerginlik-mi-degisim-mi-the-matter-of-myanmar-in-asean-tension-or-change\/","title":{"rendered":"ASEAN\u2019da Myanmar sorunu: Gerginlik mi de\u011fi\u015fim mi? \/ The matter of Myanmar in ASEAN: tension or change?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 22.10.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

ASEAN\u2019da y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci zirvesi yakla\u015f\u0131rken, g\u00f6zler yeniden son d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6lgenin en \u00f6nemli sorunu olarak g\u00fcndemde yer alan Myanmar\u2019a y\u00f6nelmi\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri Birli\u011fi\u2019nde (Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/em>-ASEAN) bu y\u0131l d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten Bruney Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda, 26-28 Ekim tarihlerinde yap\u0131lacak liderler zirvesi \u00f6ncesinde, Myanmar\u2019da darbeci general Min Aung Hlaing\u2019e gelme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1 \u015eubat 2021\u2019deki darbenin ard\u0131ndan Myanmar\u2019da sivil y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7i\u015f bir yana, \u00fclkede g\u00fcvenlik ve bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n tesis edilememi\u015f olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ASEAN\u2019da Myanmar\u2019daki darbeci y\u00f6netime tepkinin bir gerginlik mi yoksa, ASEAN i\u00e7inde bir de\u011fi\u015fim anlam\u0131na m\u0131 geldi\u011fi \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeyi hak ediyor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu darbenin ard\u0131ndan, general Min Aung Hlaing \u00f6zellikle sivil \u00e7evrelerden gelen t\u00fcm tepkilere ra\u011fmen, Nisan ay\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Cakarta\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen zirveye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zirvede, birli\u011fe mensup \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin Myanmar\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n tesisine y\u00f6nelik yumu\u015fak bask\u0131 anlam\u0131ndaki taleplerine ve \u00f6zellikle \u00f6zel el\u00e7i atanmas\u0131 ve ili\u015fkilerin el\u00e7i vas\u0131tas\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi taleplerine, Nya Pyi Taw y\u00f6netiminin bug\u00fcne kadar olumlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermemesi, bug\u00fcn darbe y\u00f6netiminin d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

ASEAN\u2019da tepki<\/strong><\/p>\n

Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geleneksel olarak b\u00f6lgesel bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131na ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f olan ASEAN, s\u00f6z konusu zirve ile darbeci generallere i\u015fbirli\u011fi olana\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131rken, bug\u00fcn bu yolun kapanmakta olu\u015fu alternatif yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getiriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bruney Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda yetkililerin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Myanmar\u2019da darbeci generallerin zirveye davet edilmeyecekleri a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na Nya Pyi Taw y\u00f6netiminden gelen tepkide, karar\u0131n Birli\u011fe \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn onay\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fine vurgu yap\u0131larak bir anlamda kabul edilemez bir karar oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n

Buna ra\u011fmen, Singapur, Malezya, Endonezya gibi \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin darbeci general Hlaing\u2019a, bu ay sonuna do\u011fru yap\u0131lacak zirveye \u201cgelmeyin\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 tekrarlanmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, ASEAN\u2019\u0131n iki \u00f6nemli \u00fcyesi Malezya ve Endonezya d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanlar\u0131 hafta ba\u015f\u0131nda Cakarta\u2019da yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, ge\u00e7en hafta ASEAN \u00fcst d\u00fczey diplomatlar\u0131nca al\u0131nan karara destek verdiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bu karar\u0131n ard\u0131nda, \u015eubat ay\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda darbeci y\u00f6netimin \u00fclkede d\u00fczen ve istikrar\u0131 sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmamas\u0131 g\u00f6steriliyor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu zirvede Myanmar\u2019\u0131, mevcut darbe y\u00f6netimine alternatif olarak \u201csiyasi olmayan bir temsilcinin\u201d davet edilmesi g\u00fcndemde.<\/p>\n

Bunun ad\u0131 hen\u00fcz konulmamakla birlikte, \u00f6rne\u011fin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmeti olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki \u2018Ulusal Birlik H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019 (Myanmar\u2019s National Unity Government<\/em>-NUG), olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 ise belirsiz.<\/p>\n

Myanmar y\u00f6netiminin ASEAN\u2019dan gelen karara itirazda, bug\u00fcne kadar ASEAN\u2019da al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n konsens\u00fcse dayal\u0131 olmas\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada. Asl\u0131nda, ASEAN\u2019da bug\u00fcnlerde konu\u015fulan konu da tam da bununla ilgili.<\/p>\n

Birlik\u2019te de\u011fi\u015fim m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir s\u00fcredir, ASEAN\u2019a y\u00f6nelik olarak uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerden ve ASEAN \u00fcye \u00fclke sivil toplum \u00e7evrelerinden gelen ele\u015ftirilerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, ASEAN\u2019\u0131n \u201ci\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmama\u201d maddesine y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Bundan \u00f6zellikle, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Myanmar\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda Rakhine Eyaleti\u2019nde ya\u015fam s\u00fcren Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131ma varan \u015fiddet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki herhangi etkin bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn bu ele\u015ftiri, \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ve hem de ASEAN\u2019da yetkili a\u011f\u0131zlardan gelmesi \u00a0gayet \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme. Bunda hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, ASEAN\u2019\u0131 var eden ko\u015fullar\u0131n devam ettirilmesi amac\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli bir konu.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi, ABD-\u00c7in \u00e7eki\u015fmesi ve son olarak Aukus<\/em> gibi geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 ittifak olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131n ASEAN b\u00f6lgesinde istikrar\u0131 etkileyecek s\u00fcre\u00e7ler olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Birlik \u00fcyeleri, kendi aralar\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha etkin siyasal karar mekanizmalar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck <\/strong><\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019da darbeci generaller 1 \u015eubat\u2019tan bu yana, \u00fclke y\u00f6netimini s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerin geni\u015f toplum kesimleri nezdinde kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu kesimlerin ortaya koyabilecekleri tepkinin boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6rmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Gelinen noktada bir a\u00e7maz oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok. Bunun temel sebebi de \u00fclkenin yak\u0131n tarihinde ya\u015fananlarla ilgili.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, Myanmar ulusal ordusu Tatmadaw<\/em>\u2019\u0131n, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 boyunca tam anlam\u0131yla egemen oldu\u011fu siyasi sistemde, neredeyse hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fme \u015fans\u0131 bulamam\u0131\u015f olan sivil toplum, bug\u00fcn de kendini var edip etmeme sorunuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, egemen bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak Tatmadaw<\/em>\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te tek egemen g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak varl\u0131k s\u00fcrmesine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n

ASEAN alternatif geli\u015ftirebilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, bug\u00fcn ya\u015fanan sorun, b\u00f6lgesel \u00f6nemi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, \u00f6rne\u011fin 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ya\u015fananlardan farkl\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, Myanmar gibi toplumsal, ekonomik ve siyasal geli\u015fmeye tabiri caizse a\u00e7; \u00f6te yandan, zengin yer alt\u0131 ve \u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklara sahip bir \u00fclkenin ASEAN i\u00e7in hem b\u00f6lgesel kalk\u0131nma, hem kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir i\u00e7 pazar nitelikleriyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cMyanmar\u2019l\u0131 bir ASEAN m\u0131 yoksa Myanmar\u2019s\u0131z bir ASEAN\u2019m\u0131?\u201d sorusu g\u00fcndeme getirilecek olursa, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, ASEAN liderleri Myanmar\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7lerinde g\u00f6rme e\u011filimi sergileyeceklerdir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn ASEAN ile Myanmar cunta y\u00f6netimi aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan gerginlik, asl\u0131nda tam da bunun bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

ASEAN gerek i\u00e7 siyasi ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131, gerekse uluslararas\u0131 arenada ittifak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve\/ya yak\u0131nla\u015fma e\u011filimleri sergiledi\u011fi Bat\u0131 ile Asya Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde Japonya ve Avustralya gibi \u00fclkelerin de verdi\u011fi gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k destekle, Myanmar\u2019da sivil y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7i\u015fin yollar\u0131n\u0131 aramaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, birden fazla alanda g\u00fcven tesisinin veya g\u00fcvensizli\u011fin tesisi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. \u015eunu g\u00f6rmekte yarar var: ASEAN i\u00e7in Myanmar sorunu sadece Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar sorunu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, ulusal boyutta seyreden bir \u00fcst boyuta ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu durumda, Myanmar\u2019da demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkenin \u00f6nemli bir s\u0131navdan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, bu s\u00fcreci giderek daha da olumsuz y\u00f6nde k\u00f6r\u00fckleyecek geli\u015fme, zaten Myanmar merkezi y\u00f6netimiyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ili\u015fkilere sahip olan s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131nda Kachin, Karen, Mon, Shan vb. gibi eyaletlerdeki otonom y\u00f6netim arayan yap\u0131larla ili\u015fkilerin de kendi haline terk edilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019da ya\u015fanan y\u00f6netim sorunu ASEAN i\u00e7in birincil anlam\u0131yla g\u00fcvenlik ve ard\u0131ndan ekonomik olarak gayet \u00f6nemli bir s\u00fcrece tekab\u00fcl etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu durumu giderek ASEAN i\u00e7in i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz ve fazlas\u0131yla bir y\u00fck haline getirecek olan ise ya\u015fanan ve giderek daha fazla ya\u015fanabilme ihtimalini i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131yan insani boyuttur.<\/p>\n

Tatmadaw<\/em>\u2019\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerde sivillere y\u00f6nelik giri\u015fimleri neticesinde ya\u015fanan g\u00f6\u00e7ler bir i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Tayland s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki hareketlenmede de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi bir nitelik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn ABD\u2019li yetkililer, Tayland y\u00f6netimiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yaparak belki de, \u00f6nemi ve de b\u00f6lgeye tehdidi giderek artacak g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u00fcrecinde insani yard\u0131m aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019da 1 \u015eubat\u2019ta ya\u015fanan darbenin ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler, ASEAN y\u00f6netiminde bu soruna yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mlar geli\u015ftirilmesini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Birlik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yer alan \u00f6nemli maddelerden \u201ci\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmama\u201d maddesi geliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu ay\u0131n sonunda yap\u0131lacak ASEAN zirvesi \u00f6ncesi ve zirve s\u00fcrecinde bu noktada bir geli\u015fme olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 merak konusudur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 22.10.2021 ASEAN\u2019da y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci zirvesi yakla\u015f\u0131rken, g\u00f6zler […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4123,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asean","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4122"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4124,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4122\/revisions\/4124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4123"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}