{"id":4065,"date":"2021-09-20T20:17:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-20T20:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=4065"},"modified":"2021-09-20T20:17:00","modified_gmt":"2021-09-20T20:17:00","slug":"afganistan-degisime-hazir-mi-is-afghanistan-ready-for-the-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/afganistan-degisime-hazir-mi-is-afghanistan-ready-for-the-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Afganistan de\u011fi\u015fime haz\u0131r m\u0131? \/ Is Afghanistan ready for the change?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 20.09.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

Afganistan\u2019da ya\u015fanan siyasal geli\u015fme, bu \u00fclke kadar, bu \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131ndaki inan\u00e7 evreni ve bu inanc\u0131 benimsemi\u015f toplumlar ile Bat\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere geni\u015f k\u00fcresel kamuoyu taraf\u0131ndan takip ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00fclkede olan biten g\u00fc\u00e7-g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck; zafer-yenilgi ekseninde de\u011ferlendirilebilece\u011fi gibi; hangi inan\u00e7 \u00f6zellikleri ile ni\u00e7in bu inan\u00e7 \u00f6zelliklerinin var oldu\u011fu gibi daha temelli, felsefi ve tarihsel ba\u011flamlar \u00fczerinden de ele al\u0131nabilir. Bu noktada, mevcut siyasi rejimin kendi ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durabilmesinin siyasal, ekonomik ve toplumsal \u015fartlar\u0131 hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, \u00fczerinde durulmaya de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n

Zafer-yenilgi a\u00e7maz\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu noktada, iki husus \u00fczerinde durmakta yarar var. \u0130lki, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zelde ABD\u2019nin Afganistan topraklar\u0131nda \u00e7ekilmesinin bir yenilgi oldu\u011fu hususudur. \u0130kincisi, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n diyelim ki, Taliban\u2019\u0131n zaferi olarak yorumlamak ilk g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte do\u011fru gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130lkiyle ilgili olarak\u2026<\/p>\n

Taliban rejimi bug\u00fcn Afganistan\u2019da yeniden g\u00fcc\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmesi, kazan\u0131mlar noktas\u0131nda bir ba\u015far\u0131ya i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

ABD-NATO birlikteli\u011fine ve uzun erimli askeri varl\u0131klar\u0131na; Afganistan toplumundan se\u00e7kin kitlelere y\u00f6nelik e\u011fitim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projelerine ra\u011fmen, bug\u00fcn bu haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f kitleden ortada pek kimsenin esamesinin okunmamas\u0131 do\u011fru. Askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bug\u00fcn s\u00f6z konusu i\u015fgal s\u00fcrecinin bir yerinde yer alm\u0131\u015f ABD\u2019de emekli generaller bile ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya koyarak, sivil siyasilerin sorumlulu\u011funa g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanan ABD<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u011fru, ABD hi\u00e7 ummad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanma ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya\u2026 Ancak unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki, ABD\u2019nin kaybetmesi bir ilk de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle\u2026 ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel \u00fcn\u00fc zaten son alt\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131r b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahri\u015f olmu\u015ftu… D\u0131\u015f etkilerden ziyade veya bunlar bir yana, sab\u0131k ba\u015fkan Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131(!) unutmamak gerekir. Trump politikalar\u0131, sadece ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel \u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fil, son d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere Amerikan toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bile ne denli tehlikeye atabilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik ortaya koymu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019nin yenilgisi olgusu\u2026 ABD, p\u0131l\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 p\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p Afganistan topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmesi elbette \u00e7ok uzun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak bir konu. Daha \u00f6nce de dile getirdi\u011fimiz \u00fczere, b\u00f6ylesi bir askeri ve siyasi y\u0131k\u0131ma ABD ilk kez tan\u0131k olmuyor.<\/p>\n

Akla gelen ilk ve belki de kimileri i\u00e7in nostaljik \u00f6rnek, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131nda Vietnam olsa da, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen gayet \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeleri unutmamak gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda Irak i\u015fgali; 1960\u2019lar\u0131n K\u00fcba\u2019s\u0131nda \u2018Domuzlar K\u00f6rfezi\u2019; 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda ya da Asya-Pasifik\u2019teki ad\u0131yla s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden olan Hawai Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki ABD Pasifik donanma komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 merkezi Pearl Harbour<\/em> liman\u0131na Japon hava kuvvetlerince yap\u0131lan intihar sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131; Latin Amerika\u2019daki kom\u00fcnist gerilla hareketleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda uzun d\u00f6nem m\u00fccadele etmek zorunda kalmas\u0131, akla gelen \u00f6rnekler\u2026<\/p>\n

Hatta ve hatta i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fclkenin siyasal ve nihayetinde toplumsal k\u00f6klerine dokunacak giri\u015fimlere konu olan darbelerin m\u00fcsebbiblerinden g\u00f6sterilmesi nedeniyle burada da, g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda benzer bir h\u00fcsrana u\u011frayan bir ABD var kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci husustan bahsetmek gerekirse \u2026<\/p>\n

Afganistan\u2019\u0131n \u0130slam topraklar\u0131 oldu\u011fu do\u011fru\u2026 Burada dikkatle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken husus, di\u011fer unsurlar bir yana, Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n durumudur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, Taliban\u2019\u0131n zaferini kutlayan Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal kesimlerini ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini bunlar\u0131n Taliban rejimi ile ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vs. hen\u00fcz bilmiyoruz.<\/p>\n

\u0130slamiyete vurgu yapan ifadeler, bu dinin getirdi\u011fi ilkelerin emniyet, g\u00fcven, bar\u0131\u015f, huzur gibi bireysel ve toplumsal varolu\u015fla do\u011frudan ilintili y\u00f6nlerinin ortada bulunmamas\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck handikab\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Afganistan topraklar\u0131ndan \u015fu ana kadar on binler, ka\u00e7may\u0131 pl\u00e2nlayan geri kalan y\u00fczbinler ni\u00e7in ana vatanlar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmek istiyor olabilirler acaba?<\/p>\n

Taliban i\u00e7erisinde bu zaferi kazand\u0131ran unsurlar\u0131n -manevi boyutlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilgisine sahip olarak- neler oldu\u011fu da ortaya konulmay\u0131 bekliyor. Burada bilinen bir \u015fey varsa, o da temel etkenlerden birinin, Afganistan\u2019\u0131n topografik \u00f6zellikleri oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

Sosyal bilimlerin kurucusu \u00fbnvan\u0131 yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un da i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin co\u011frafya \u00fczerinden toplumu anlama \u00e7abas\u0131na vurgu yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamak gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bunu s\u00f6ylerken, Afganistan ba\u011flam\u0131nda b\u00f6lge toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ortaya koyduklar\u0131 \u00e7abay\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Kald\u0131 ki, bunun en me\u015fru \u00f6rne\u011fini, 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda SSCB i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 verilen hakl\u0131 ve kararl\u0131 m\u00fccadele ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Konvansiyonel sava\u015flara hatta, n\u00fckleer sava\u015f bile olsa diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steren bir do\u011fa \u015fartlar\u0131 hakim Afganistan\u2019da.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu co\u011frafya \u015fartlar\u0131na \u00f6rnek olarak, al\u0131nmas\u0131 gayet g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011fu belirtilen \u00fclkenin kuzeyindeki Pan\u015fir Vadisi\u2019ni kuzey-g\u00fcney hatt\u0131nda tek ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 olan yer, Taliban i\u00e7in bile ger\u00e7ek bir engeldi. Buran\u0131n, b\u00f6lgedeki tepelere hakim olanlarca egemenli\u011finin tesis edilebildi\u011fi, n\u00fcfuz etme arzusundaki g\u00fc\u00e7leri ise ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa sevk etti\u011fini d\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olduk.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6lgede Taliban egemenli\u011fi varsa, bunu biraz da b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f konusundaki b\u0131kk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya sava\u015fmama konusundaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile de a\u00e7\u0131klamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019de yedek paradigma<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlara kar\u015f\u0131n, ABD diyelim ki, s\u0131cak sava\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini kestirememi\u015f, yenilgiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olsa da, farkl\u0131 stratejiler ve y\u00f6ntemlerle yani zaman zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi paradigma de\u011fi\u015fimleriyle, k\u00fcresel anlamda sorunlu b\u00f6lgeler \u00fczerinde kendini kabul ettirebilmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda olan bitene dair sadece birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek… Bug\u00fcn Vietnam, ABD\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu k\u00fcresel kapitalizmin hi\u00e7 de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeyecek bir akt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131nda kayda de\u011fer geli\u015fmekte olan bir \u00fclkedir. Japonya \u00f6rne\u011fi\u2026 Yeniden bir Japon dirili\u015fi miti kadar, ard\u0131nda kayda de\u011fer bir ABD deste\u011fi\/\u00f6\u011fretisi ve dersi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ya da Arap co\u011frafyas\u0131 ya da T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkelerde ABD reddiyesine ra\u011fmen, ABD hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131yla, t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131yla, d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve e\u011filimleriyle ve t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 bile isteye kas\u0131tl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde edinen\/i\u00e7selle\u015ftiren kitlelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ABD siyasal ve ekonomik akl\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z geli\u015fmeler olarak de\u011ferlendirilemeyecek sosyolojik ger\u00e7ekliklerdir.<\/p>\n

Taliban\u2019\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Afganistan\u2019da olana y\u00f6nelik insani, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n getirdi\u011fi bir sorumlulukla \u0130slami ba\u011flamda yakla\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bununla birlikte, kendini di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman gruplara toplumlara a\u00e7ma sorumlulu\u011funun kriterleri nelerdir diye soruldu\u011funda Taliban y\u00f6netiminin verebilece\u011fi cevaplar\u0131 ortaya koymas\u0131 beklenir.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n birinde de dile getirdi\u011fimiz \u00fczere, biraz da \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, Ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131 h\u00fcmanist s\u00f6ylemi (discourse<\/em>) \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kartarak, Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 ve\/ya ABD\u2019yi temsilcisi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ettikleri Afgan halk\u0131na yard\u0131ma zorlamak gibi bir ba\u011flama kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, geni\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n her alanda temsilcileriyle biraraya gelme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir daveti bir inisiyatifi ortaya koyabilme becerisi ve cesaretini g\u00f6sterebilmeliler.<\/p>\n

Sadece g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda de\u011fil, tarihin \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerinde de hi\u00e7bir devletin, siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fcn kendini g\u00fcvenlikte hissedemeyece\u011fi bir co\u011frafyaya, bir topluma ne askeri, ne ekonomik, ne de insani a\u00e7\u0131dan yakla\u015fmay\u0131 tercih edebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130slam toplumlar\u0131, \u015fayet dini ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k olgusundan hareket ederek siyasi, ekonomik toplumsal zorluklarla ba\u015f etmek zorunda olan di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015flerine yard\u0131m etmeyi ciddi anlamda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olsayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn \u00f6rne\u011fin G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerine \u00e7oktan b\u00f6ylesi yard\u0131mlar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve s\u00f6z konusu toplumlar da siyasal, ekonomik ve toplumsal refaha kavu\u015fmu\u015f olurlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak b\u00f6ylesi bir geli\u015fme vuku bulmu\u015f de\u011fil\u2026<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu co\u011frafyay\u0131 \u00f6rnek vermemizin sebebi, hem insan kaynaklar\u0131 hem de ekonomik alt yap\u0131lar\u0131 noktas\u0131nda \u00f6rne\u011fin ba\u015fka co\u011frafyalardaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayacak olumlu bir konumda olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu co\u011frafyada arzu edilen i\u015fbirli\u011fi sergilenmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6rnekte, ni\u00e7in geni\u015f kaynaklara sahip baz\u0131 \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinin kalk\u0131p Afganistan\u2019a yard\u0131m yapmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi sorusunun bizatihi sorgulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 20.09.2021 Afganistan\u2019da ya\u015fanan siyasal geli\u015fme, bu \u00fclke […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4066,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4065"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4067,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4065\/revisions\/4067"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}