Filipinler\u2019de\u00a0 Marcos d\u00f6neminin sona eri\u015finin 30. y\u0131l\u0131. 25 \u015eubat 1986 tarihinde modern d\u00fcnya tarihine diktat\u00f6r lakab\u0131yla ge\u00e7en Marcos\u2019un televizyonda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201cDuruma hakimiz\u201d c\u00fcmlesi son a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. B\u00f6ylece 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Marcos rejimi, \u2018Halk G\u00fcc\u00fc\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen sivil hareketle sona erdi. Marcos ise s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hawaii\u2019de 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Halk hareketi o g\u00fcnden bu yana Filipinler\u2019de toplumsal yenile\u015fmenin \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 sergilerken, bir ba\u015fka yenilenme de Marcos ailesi i\u00e7inde ya\u015fand\u0131. Marcosu diktat\u00f6r hatta Asya\u2019n\u0131n Hitler\u2019i lakab\u0131yla an\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olan ise 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda il\u00e2n etti\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim oldu.<\/p>\n
Marcos sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nem sadece Filipinler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, b\u00f6lgedeki de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcrecinin de bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. Nato ve Var\u015foa Paktlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019daki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak ba\u015f g\u00f6steren geli\u015fmeler zinciri, 1986 y\u0131l\u0131 Filipinlerde Marcos i\u00e7in son anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Endonezya, Tayland, gibi uzun erimli, ordu destekli ve iktidarlar\u0131n belli aileler aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda bu nedenle Filipinlerin de bir yeri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
\u2018Marcos rejimi\u2019 derken, var olan y\u00f6netimsel ve karizmatik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc her noktada kullanan bir siyasiyi anlamamak gerekir. Bunun \u00f6tesinde, ailevi ve yak\u0131n ili\u015fkilerden eko-siyasi ve askeri elite veya bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle ekonomi ve cunta kronilerine do\u011fru yay\u0131lan bir ili\u015fkiler silsilesi kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, b\u00f6lgenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkesi konumundaki Endonezya\u2019da da g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fi \u00fczere \u2018diktat\u00f6rler\u2019 d\u00f6nemlerinin bask\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu bir t\u00fcr \u2018disipliner\u2019 toplum olu\u015fumu, kimi \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan \u2018siyasi\u2019 ve \u2018toplumsal\u2019 istikrar olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Bu istikrar\u0131n anlam\u0131 iktidarda de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011fil stat\u00fcko, ekonomi de ise bir t\u00fcr kalk\u0131nmac\u0131l\u0131kla birlikte herkese, kar\u0131nca karar\u0131nca yeten ve bize kast sistemi b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlatan bir gelir d\u00fczeyinin olmas\u0131 geliyor.<\/p>\n
Kalk\u0131nman\u0131n temelde iktidar ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli kollar\u0131ndaki insan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn birdenbire ayd\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ruhuyla \u00fcretken ve verimlilik ortaya koymas\u0131 de\u011fil, d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n bir gere\u011fi olarak t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkileriyle kap\u0131da bekleyen uluslararas\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n \u00fclkeye ak\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131 dolarlarla ilintilidir. Ve \u00f6zellikle bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, ekonomik kalk\u0131nma noktas\u0131nda, iktidar s\u00fcrecine eklemlenen aile\/ler, siyasi ve ordu elitine ayr\u0131lan pay\u0131n oran\u0131, elbette ki geni\u015f halk kitlelerinkiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayacak boyutlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyordu.<\/p>\n
Filipinler\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bu s\u00f6zde kalk\u0131nmac\u0131 y\u0131llara arka \u00e7\u0131kan ise, -askeri \u00fcsler meselesinde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere- Amerikan m\u00fcdahalecili\u011finin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde hissettirmesidir. Ad\u0131na kalk\u0131nmac\u0131l\u0131k denilen olgunun ise, istikrar ve s\u00fcreklilikten uzak d\u00f6nemlik bir enerjinin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. Yoksa, aradan ge\u00e7en onca zamana ra\u011fmen, bug\u00fcn dahi, 9 May\u0131s\u2019ta yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerinde aday olan be\u015f siyaset\u00e7inin g\u00fcndeminde \u2018yoksulluk\u2019 ilk s\u0131rada almamas\u0131 gerekirdi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Filipinlerde devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Marcos\u2019u g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lan unsur, e\u015fi Emilda\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 dersek yanl\u0131\u015f s\u00f6ylemi\u015f olmay\u0131z. On y\u0131llarca yoksullukla m\u00fcndemi\u00e7 bir toplumda, iktidar ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda olmakla a\u00e7 g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck ili\u015fkisini ortaya koyan Emilda\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam tarz\u0131, bireysel bir hazz\u0131n, siyasal\u0131n \u00f6tesinde toplumsal bir yozla\u015fmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131d\u0131r ayn\u0131 zamanda. Bu bireysel tarz, toplumda \u2018onun gibi olmak\u2019 psikolojisine yenilen kitlelerin olan biteni me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ise, aradan ge\u00e7en onca y\u0131la ra\u011fmen \u2018Marcos ailesinden\u2019 tek bir ferdin bile \u2018adalet\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bunda \u015fa\u015f\u0131las\u0131 bir taraf yok. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Marcos\u2019lu uzun y\u0131llarda, di\u011fer kurumlar gibi adalet kurumuna da bi\u00e7ilen rol, meyvesini -t\u0131pk\u0131 Suharta ve ailesine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan neredeyse t\u00fcm davalar gibi- sonu\u00e7suz kalmaya mahkum bir durum ortaya koyarak veriyor. \u00d6yle ki, yolsuzluklar tarihinde kayda de\u011fer bir yeri olacak \u015fekilde, bug\u00fcn dahi \u00fclke i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fc bulan davada Marcos ailesinin haks\u0131z sahip oldu\u011fu ve milyar dolarla ifade edilen hesab\u0131 sorulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcre\u00e7te, iktidar kayb\u0131n\u0131n izleri yava\u015f yava\u015f silinmesinin ard\u0131ndan aile fertleri ulusal politikada yeniden rol ald\u0131lar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Imelda Marcos kongre \u00fcyeli\u011fini, k\u0131z\u0131 Imee Marcos ise valilik g\u00f6revini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi kan\u0131ksanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. O\u011ful gen\u00e7 Ferdinand Marcos ise, 9 May\u0131s\u2019ta yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imlerinde ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulundu.<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda Marcos ailesinin siyaset sahas\u0131nda \u2018yeniden dirili\u015fi\u2019, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir aklanma \u00e7abas\u0131 da de\u011fil.\u00a0 Yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere, yirmi y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda baba Marcos\u2019un \u00e7evresinde k\u00fcmele\u015fen tikel ki\u015filer ve sosyo-politik \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131n\u0131n aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00fclkenin \u00f6nde gelen dinamiklerinden olmaya devam ettiklerini g\u00f6steriyor. Ve bu gruplar lider karizmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinin ailenin di\u011fer fertleri \u00fczerine yans\u0131mas\u0131ndan hareketle yeni bir s\u00fcrecin toplumsal dimanosu faaliyet g\u00f6steriyorlar. S\u00f6z konusu bu kitle, baba Marcos d\u00f6nemini \u2018alt\u0131n d\u00f6nem\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131rken, bunun kendileri nezdindeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi \u00e7\u0131karlarla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\/gizli izhar ediyorlar.<\/p>\n
Marcos rejiminin sona eri\u015finin 30. y\u0131l\u0131nda, iktidar\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerine yakla\u015fan Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Aquino, -ki babas\u0131n\u0131 1983\u2019de faili me\u00e7hul cinayete kurban gitmi\u015fti- \u201cMarcos sonras\u0131nda \u2018\u00fclkenin onur ve haysiyetini\u2019 yeniden kazanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in otuz y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesi gerekiyordu\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Filipinler\u2019de\u00a0 Marcos d\u00f6neminin sona eri\u015finin 30. y\u0131l\u0131. 25 \u015eubat 1986 tarihinde modern d\u00fcnya tarihine diktat\u00f6r lakab\u0131yla ge\u00e7en Marcos\u2019un televizyonda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201cDuruma hakimiz\u201d c\u00fcmlesi son a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. B\u00f6ylece 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Marcos rejimi, \u2018Halk G\u00fcc\u00fc\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen sivil hareketle sona erdi. Marcos ise s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hawaii\u2019de 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Halk hareketi o g\u00fcnden bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":399,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bangsamoro-filipinler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=398"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":400,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/398\/revisions\/400"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}