{"id":3883,"date":"2021-06-05T14:35:19","date_gmt":"2021-06-05T14:35:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3883"},"modified":"2021-06-05T14:35:19","modified_gmt":"2021-06-05T14:35:19","slug":"tiananmen-yildonumu-ve-cinde-demokrasi-tartismalari-the-anniversary-of-tiananmen-and-discussions-about-democracy-in-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/tiananmen-yildonumu-ve-cinde-demokrasi-tartismalari-the-anniversary-of-tiananmen-and-discussions-about-democracy-in-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Tiananmen y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u00c7in\u2019de demokrasi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \/ the Anniversary of Tiananmen and discussions about democracy in China"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 05.06.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tiananmen hadisesinin \u00fczerinden 32 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen, bu toplumsal geli\u015fmenin etkileri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 hissedilmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

4 Haziran 1989\u2019da ba\u015fta \u00f6\u011frenciler ve i\u015f\u00e7iler olmak \u00fczere \u00fclkede siyasal reform \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla, y\u00fczbinlerce \u00c7inli ba\u015fkent Pekin\u2019in me\u015fhur meydanlar\u0131ndan Tiannmen\u2019de Meydan\u0131\u2019nda yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay s\u00fcren eylemler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6stericilerin taleplerinin d\u00f6nemin \u00c7in kom\u00fcnist partisince dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan g\u00f6steriler ordu marifetiyle sonland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Geni\u015f toplumsal talep<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pekin\u2019de ya\u015fanan bu geli\u015fme sadece, g\u00f6rece az\u0131nl\u0131k bir grubun talebi olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131. Aksine, \u00fclkede say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczlerle an\u0131lan \u015fehirlerinde irili ufakl\u0131 benzeri g\u00f6steriler ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde g\u00fcndeme gelmesi, siyasal de\u011fi\u015fim talebinin arka pl\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan gayet \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkentteki g\u00f6sterilerin nihayetinde \u00c7in otoriteleri taraf\u0131ndan ordu giri\u015fimiyle bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden y\u00fczlerce ve kimi s\u00f6ylemlere g\u00f6re binlerce ki\u015finin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu geli\u015fmenin \u2018Tiananmen soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu geli\u015fme, \u00c7in topraklar\u0131nda tarihin de\u011fi\u015fik evrelerinde ya\u015fanan, k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde yer alan k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ortaya koyduklar\u0131 me\u015fhur ayaklanmalarla, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131n ve hanedanl\u0131klar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7an hadiselerin, modern bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc kabul edilebilirse de, o d\u00f6nemki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n aksine 1989\u2019da siyasal de\u011fi\u015fim ortaya konulamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Tiananmen bir siyasal fenomen olarak, bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 Tibet\u2019te, Tayvan\u2019da, Hong Kong\u2019da, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da ve de \u00c7in\u2019in di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde milyonlarca ki\u015finin siyasal talepleri i\u00e7in referans noktas\u0131 olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019de siyasal y\u00f6nelim<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tiananmen hadisesinden bu yana aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7 dikkatle incelendi\u011finde ve de \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti y\u00f6netiminde ya\u015fanan di\u011fer baz\u0131 geli\u015fmelerle birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde neredeyse \u2018siyasal travma\u2019 halini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, \u00c7in siyasal rejimi Tiananmen ruhunun ye\u015fermemesi i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapmaktad\u0131r. Tiananmen Meydan\u0131\u2019ndaki g\u00f6sterilerin, bu anlamda So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminin bitmek \u00fczere oldu\u011fu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00c7in i\u00e7in bir mil\u00e2d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birli\u011fi (SSCB) ve bu yap\u0131n\u0131n ilintili uydu \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015fanan siyasal geli\u015fmeler, Bat\u0131 siyasal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sisteminin \u00fcretti\u011fi iki temel ideolojik ayr\u0131\u015fma olan kapitalizm ve kom\u00fcnizmin gelece\u011fiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, Bat\u0131 liberal demokratik sistemine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, SSCB \u00f6zelinde kom\u00fcnist blo\u011fun siyasal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesi, her ne kadar Sovyet ve \u00c7in kom\u00fcnizmleri aras\u0131nda farklar olsa da, temelde ideolojik yap\u0131la\u015fmadaki ayn\u0131la\u015fma oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, SSCB, Do\u011fu Bloku\u2019nda ya\u015fanan devrim niteli\u011findeki de\u011fi\u015fimlerin bir benzerinin, Tiananmen Meydan\u0131\u2019ndaki g\u00f6sterilerde tan\u0131k olundu\u011fu \u00fczere, \u00c7in\u2019de de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi arzusu \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri ve i\u015f\u00e7ilere d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Bir anlamda, Bat\u0131\u2019da egemen iki ideolojik yap\u0131n\u0131n birbiriyle hesapla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak g\u00fcndeme gelen SCCB\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Bat\u0131 siyasal sistemlerinin 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca nereye evrilece\u011fi sorusuna verilen bir yan\u0131t niteli\u011findeydi.<\/p>\n

1989 Tiananmen\u2019da ya\u015fananlar da, benzer bir ideolojik yap\u0131n\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da, \u00c7in\u2019de ne t\u00fcr bir evrilmeye tabi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana tekab\u00fcl etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Liberal ekonomi, demokrasi ve \u00c7in<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tiananmen hadisesinden bu yana ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, hem d\u00fcnyada hem \u00c7in\u2019de \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikler ya\u015fand\u0131. Kom\u00fcnizmin devam edip etmeyece\u011fi ikileminin g\u00fcndemde oldu\u011fu 1980\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak kapitalist sisteme giderek daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde eklemlenmi\u015f bir ekonomik yap\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019de egemenli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, otuz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler ve demokrasi taleplerini g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak bast\u0131r\u0131rken, bug\u00fcn \u00fclkedeki geni\u015f kitleleri aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede elde edilen ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ile ikna etmenin pe\u015finde.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019deki iktidar g\u00fc\u00e7leri, s\u00f6z konusu ekonomik kalk\u0131nma temelli olarak ortaya konulan ikna s\u00fcrecini, sadece kendi halk\u0131 \u00fczerinde kullanm\u0131yor. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana giderek artan bir ivme ile \u00f6zellikle de, \u015ei Cinping\u2019in 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda kom\u00fcnist parti ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmesiyle b\u00f6lgesellikten k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye evrilen agresif bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergiliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Tek Yol Tek Ku\u015fak (One Belt-One Road<\/em>), Deniz ve Kara \u0130pek Yollar\u0131 Projeleri (Maritime and Land Silk Roads<\/em>), B\u00f6lgesel Kapsaml\u0131 Ekonomik \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership<\/em>-RCEP) gibi \u00c7in\u2019i \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131taya ba\u011flayacak projelerle birbirinden farkl\u0131 y\u00f6netimlere ve toplumsal yap\u0131lara sahip \u00fclkeler nezdinde de me\u015fruiyet kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle de, Bat\u0131 kapitalizminin lideri konumundaki ABD\u2019de y\u00f6netimin mevcut siyaset teorilerine dayal\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla, liberal ekonomi politikalar\u0131 uygulayan \u00c7in\u2019in k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede demokrasiye evrilebilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kanaati maalesef ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmi\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Ya tersi olursa?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bekle-g\u00f6r ba\u011flam\u0131nda devam eden bu s\u00fcrecin ise bug\u00fcn geldi\u011fi nokta ise, \u00c7in ile do\u011frudan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bir evrenin sab\u0131k ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump d\u00f6neminden, yani 2017\u2019den itibaren giderek g\u00fcndemde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son d\u00f6nemde iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerine g\u00f6z at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki, \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin demokrasiye evril\/e\/bilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ABD makamlar\u0131nda var olan yakla\u015f\u0131mda, bir gev\u015feme tezah\u00fcr etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olunuyor.<\/p>\n

ABD y\u00f6netimi, \u00c7in ile ili\u015fkilerde iki \u00fclke ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgusunu, belki de hakl\u0131 bir gerek\u00e7e k\u0131larak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 evrenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olsa da, asl\u0131nda ABD\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar\u0131n ve de \u00f6zellikle son iki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Hong Kong, Tayvan, Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan konusunda \u00c7in\u2019e y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerinin ard\u0131ndan bu gev\u015femenin izlerini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

ABD siyaset bilimcileri ve siyaset\u00e7ileri nezdinde bug\u00fcn, \u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik modernle\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu anki verilerle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehlike s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

O da, \u00c7in\u2019in y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6z konusu bu s\u00fcrecin ABD siyaset bilimcileri ve siyaset\u00e7ilerince, kom\u00fcnist rejimin bizatihi kendisi olmasa bile, i\u00e7erdi\u011fi siyasal karakteristiklerin k\u00fcresel anlamda bir norm haline gelebilece\u011fi endi\u015fesidir.<\/p>\n

Hong Kong ve Tiananmen Ruhu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u00fczere, Tiananmen\u2019in bir milad olu\u015fu ve etkisinin hem \u00c7in hem de \u00c7in siyasi rejimi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda alternatif aray\u0131\u015f ve s\u00f6ylemlerle g\u00fcndeme gelen \u00e7e\u015fitli yap\u0131lar\u0131n ortaya koyduklar\u0131 tutumda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan bu tarihi hadiseyi anma ve bunun \u00fczerinden bir siyasal s\u00f6ylem geli\u015ftirmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fc al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, bu tarihi hadiseyi ve bunun i\u00e7kin oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131 g\u00fcndemde tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00c7in\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge Hong Kong, her ne kadar son bir y\u0131lda Ada\u2019da ya\u015fananlarla geriletilmi\u015f hissi olu\u015fturulsa da, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan ve \u00f6zellikle 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan milyonlarca Hong Kong’lunun meydanlar\u0131 doldurdu\u011fu dev g\u00f6steriler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Pekin y\u00f6netimin aradan ge\u00e7en sadece birka\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedbirlerle yapmak istedi\u011fi, sadece bu Ada\u2019n\u0131n siyasal haklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirmek de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Ulusal g\u00fcvenlik olgusu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak son bir y\u0131lda Ada\u2019da ya\u015fananlar hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Ada halk\u0131n\u0131n talep etti\u011fi demokratik haklar\u0131n benzerlerinin \u00c7in Ana K\u0131tas\u0131\u2019nda da talep edilebilir hale gelmesini ihtimaline engel olmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 05.06.2021 Tiananmen hadisesinin \u00fczerinden 32 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3884,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cin","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3883"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3885,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3883\/revisions\/3885"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}