{"id":3832,"date":"2021-05-06T19:54:22","date_gmt":"2021-05-06T19:54:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3832"},"modified":"2021-05-12T12:42:27","modified_gmt":"2021-05-12T12:42:27","slug":"myanmarda-tehlikeli-surec-dangerous-process-in-myanmar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/myanmarda-tehlikeli-surec-dangerous-process-in-myanmar\/","title":{"rendered":"Myanmar\u2019da tehlikeli s\u00fcre\u00e7 \/ Dangerous process in Myanmar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 06.05.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019da \u00fclke ordusunca (Tatmadaw<\/em>) 1 \u015eubat\u2019ta yap\u0131lan darbenin ard\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre ge\u00e7erken, sivil itaatsizlik hareketinin kurdu\u011fu Ulusal Birlik H\u00fck\u00fcmeti 5 May\u0131s\u2019ta yeni bir ad\u0131m atarak Ulusal Birlik Ordusu kuruldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bu geli\u015fme, kaos ortam\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkede yeni ve tehlikeli bir evreye girildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019da siyasi partiler ve geni\u015f toplum kesimlerinin destek verdi\u011fi cunta rejimine direni\u015f hareketinin 16 Nisan\u2019da Ulusal Birlik H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve ard\u0131ndan 5 May\u0131s\u2019a Ulusal Birlik Ordusu\u2019nu kurmas\u0131, Myanmar\u2019\u0131n 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l darbesine kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi yeni strateji olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bu birbirini besleyen iki alternatif geli\u015fmenin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 ise \u00f6ncelikle bu yap\u0131lara destek verenlerin samimiyeti ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcbelir birlikteli\u011fine ve ard\u0131ndan geni\u015f toplum kesimlerinin a\u00e7\u0131k ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc deste\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kaos\u2019tan anar\u015fiye (mi?)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019da 1 \u015eubat\u2019ta ya\u015fanan askeri darbenin ard\u0131ndan, belki de tatmadaw<\/em>\u2019\u0131n hi\u00e7 beklemedi\u011fi bir \u015fekilde kaos ortam\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bir yandan, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler \u00f6te yandan, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/em>-ASEAN) giri\u015fimlerine ra\u011fmen, cunta rejimi geri ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Myanmar halk\u0131n\u0131n 2020 Kas\u0131m se\u00e7imlerinin me\u015fru kazanan\u0131 konumundaki Ulusal Demokrasi Birli\u011fi\u2019ne (National League for Democracy<\/em>-NLD) toplumdan gelen destek ise, yerini \u00f6nce 16 Nisan\u2019da Myanmar Ulusal Birlik H\u00fck\u00fcmeti (National Unity Government<\/em>) ad\u0131yla bir siyasi temsiliyete b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7inde NLD milletvekilleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, \u00fclkenin merkez siyasi yap\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6nemli sorunlar ya\u015fayan \u00f6nde gelen etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n da oldu\u011fu sivil olu\u015fum temsilcilerinin, 5 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Federal Birlik Ordusu (Federal Union Army<\/em>) ad\u0131yla, alternatif bir g\u00fcvenlik yap\u0131s\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irildi\u011fini duyurdu.<\/p>\n

Yeni bir merkez-\u00e7evre yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klamada, Birlik Ordusu\u2019nun hedefinin, cuntaya kar\u015f\u0131 sivil direni\u015f sergileyen halka kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u015fiddeti engellemek oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Alternatif sivil birlik h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ard\u0131ndan, bir ordu yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturuldu\u011funun il\u00e2n\u0131 \u00fclkede yeni bir merkez-\u00e7evre ili\u015fkisi olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n

NLD \u00f6zelinde merkezi olu\u015fturan me\u015fru ve Bamar <\/em>etnik \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun deste\u011fini alan sivil yap\u0131 ile \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131nda, 1948 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131ktan bu yana, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00f6zerk siyasal yap\u0131lar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele veren \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kendine ait ordusu bulunan Karen, Kachin, Chin, Mon gibi yap\u0131lar bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

2015-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Suu Kyi\u2019nin ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu\u011fu NLD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde s\u00f6z konusu yap\u0131larla bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f olsa da, arzu edilen geli\u015fme sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bu iki yap\u0131 kendilerini cunta rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 saflarda bulmas\u0131 tarihin bir cilvesi olsa gerek.<\/p>\n

Darbenin ard\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu bu etnik yap\u0131lar, merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetle yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131lan ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ersiz oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 bir ba\u015fka hassas geli\u015fme olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeyi hak ediyor. Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz yeni merkez-\u00e7evre olu\u015fumunda g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131nda kimin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak yer alaca\u011f\u0131 ise \u015fimdiden cevab\u0131 kestirilmesi zor bir soru.<\/p>\n

NLD ve \u00fclkedeki di\u011fer siyasi partiler, sivil olu\u015fumlar ve kuzey ve do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen topraklardaki etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131n lider yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n destek verdi\u011fi bu iki geli\u015fmede iki hedefin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130lki, uluslararas\u0131 camiaya \u00fclkenin me\u015fru sivil yap\u0131s\u0131 olarak 2020 Kas\u0131m se\u00e7imleri sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan parlamentonun oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamak. \u0130kincisi ise, mevcut cunta rejimine mevcudiyetini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca sorgulat\u0131p en az\u0131ndan m\u00fczakere masas\u0131na \u00e7ekmek.<\/p>\n

5 May\u0131s\u2019ta il\u00e2n edilen Federal Birlik Ordusu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ya\u015fanan\u00a0 geli\u015fme, se\u00e7im sonras\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te yeni bir evreye girilmekte oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. \u00d6yle ki, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 daha gergin ve giderek tehlikeli bir s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak yorumlanabilir.<\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019daki cunta rejimini sivillerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere zorlamak amac\u0131yla d\u0131\u015fardan bir askeri operasyon konusu baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirildi\u011fini hat\u0131rlamakta yarar var. Bunun ard\u0131ndaki g\u00fcc\u00fcn ABD oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek s\u00fcrpriz de\u011fil. Ancak, ne ASEAN ne yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00f6ylesi bir d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahaleye olumlu bakacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, bir s\u00fcredir k\u00fcresel g\u00fcndemi neredeyse her g\u00fcn me\u015fgul eden kovid-19 tehlikesinin oldu\u011fu bir ortamda, uluslararas\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 hareketlili\u011fi bir ba\u015fka sorun olarak ortada duruyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu ya\u015fanan son geli\u015fme, yani ulusal birlik ordusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l bir zeminde geli\u015fece\u011fi konusu tam da bu noktada anlam kazan\u0131yor. D\u0131\u015fardan m\u00fcdahalenin ol\/a\/mayaca\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda, Myanmarl\u0131lar\u0131n kendilerini koruma ve savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f destekle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019da de\u011fi\u015fen direni\u015f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda darbeyle tan\u0131\u015fan \u00fclkede, \u00f6zellikle 1980\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndaki se\u00e7imlerin ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerde g\u00f6steriler \u00f6nemli bir yer tutsa da, ne alternatif bir sivil h\u00fck\u00fcmet ne de onun silahl\u0131 kolu olan bir yap\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    Cunta rejiminin hen\u00fcz tepki vermedi\u011fi bu geli\u015fme hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, askerler taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rmeyece\u011fi a\u015fik\u00e2r. Ancak bu geli\u015fme, darbe sonras\u0131nda sivilleri hedef alan \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131n\u0131n cunta taraf\u0131ndan me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir zeminin olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    1 \u015eubat\u2019tan sonra bir s\u00fcre ya\u015fanan durgunlu\u011fun ard\u0131ndan, kitleler \u00fclkenin \u00f6nde gelen \u015fehirlerindeki g\u00f6steriler, aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede g\u00f6rece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu da olsa s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

    Cunta nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verecek?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle, ASEAN \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen liderler zirvesinde al\u0131nan \u00a05 maddelik karar\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131na dair emareler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Kald\u0131 ki, bu s\u00f6zde anla\u015fmayla ilgili, ortada bir belirlenmi\u015f bir tarihin bulunmamas\u0131, Myanmar\u2019da cunta rejiminin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6r.<\/p>\n

    B\u00f6ylesi bir geli\u015fmenin olabilmesi i\u00e7in, bundan sadece birka\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda ASEAN\u2019a \u00fcye \u00fclkelerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen gayri-me\u015fru siyasal de\u011fi\u015fimler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda birlik \u00fclkelerinin gerekli tavr\u0131 tak\u0131nmas\u0131yla ancak bir beklenti has\u0131l olabilirdi.<\/p>\n

    Oysa, ne Tayland\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen 2014 darbesi, ne 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015eubat ay\u0131nda Malezya\u2019da g\u00fcndeme gelen sivil darbe ASEAN i\u00e7erisinde hak etti\u011fi \u015fekilde ele al\u0131namad\u0131. Jakarta\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ASEAN liderler zirvesinde Myanmar cunta rejiminin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki General Min Augn Hlaing\u2019\u0131n dayanak noktas\u0131 Tayland\u2019\u0131n juntac\u0131 generalden d\u00f6nme ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Prayut Chan-o-cha oldu.<\/p>\n

    Ulusal Birlik Ordusu ad\u0131yla yeni bir yap\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 Tatmadaw\u2019\u0131n i\u015finin zor oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. G\u00f6zler \u015fu anda, son on y\u0131lda g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6zellikle Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 etnik yap\u0131lar \u00fczerinde g\u00f6steren ulusal ordunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fimdi her renk ve tondan Myanmar bulunuyor. \u00dclkede ya\u015fanacak olan geli\u015fmeler ya t\u0131pk\u0131 Tayland\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi cunta rejiminin siville\u015ferek ve \u00e7e\u015fitli koalisyon alternatifleriyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmesine veya yeni bir ulus devletle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 06.05.2021 Myanmar\u2019da \u00fclke ordusunca (Tatmadaw) 1 \u015eubat\u2019ta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-myanmar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3832"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3834,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3832\/revisions\/3834"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}