{"id":3819,"date":"2021-04-23T23:36:11","date_gmt":"2021-04-23T23:36:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3819"},"modified":"2021-04-23T23:36:11","modified_gmt":"2021-04-23T23:36:11","slug":"cinin-tehditi-ve-secilmis-ozgurluk-arasinda-tayvan-taiwan-between-the-intimidation-of-china-and-preselected-freedom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/cinin-tehditi-ve-secilmis-ozgurluk-arasinda-tayvan-taiwan-between-the-intimidation-of-china-and-preselected-freedom\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7in\u2019in tehditi ve se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aras\u0131nda Tayvan \/ Taiwan between the intimidation of China and preselected freedom"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 24.04.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in ve Tayvan aras\u0131nda son d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan gerilimlerin askeri boyutta kendini giderek daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmas\u0131, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde Tayvan Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n potansiyel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 oldu\u011funu yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde g\u00fcndeme getiriyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle, son bir y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00c7in hava kuvvetlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 u\u00e7aklar\u0131n giderek artan ve s\u0131kla\u015fan Tayvan hava sahas\u0131 ihl\u00e2lleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Tayvan y\u00f6netimi \u00c7in tehdidine boyun e\u011fmeyeceklerini defaatle dile getiriyor.<\/p>\n

En son olarak bu ay\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda \u00c7in hava kuvvetlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik tipte 25 sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Tayvan Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Tayvan hava sahas\u0131n\u0131 ihl\u00e2li tehdidin boyutu g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Pekin y\u00f6netiminin b\u00f6ylesine kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde hava kuvvetlerini b\u00f6lgede seyir halinde bulundurmas\u0131, Tayvan\u2019a y\u00f6nelik olas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 pl\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n tatbiki niteli\u011fi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/p>\n

Burada dikkat \u00e7ekilmesi gereken, \u00c7in Tayvan\u2019a ni\u00e7in sald\u0131rmak istiyor ve\/ya bu hakk\u0131 kendinde nas\u0131l buluyor sorusudur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti, son k\u0131rk y\u0131lda tan\u0131k olundu\u011fu \u00fczere, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ekonomik modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini sadece bu alanla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak istemiyor.<\/p>\n

Aksine, bu ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n askeri boyutta kendini tekrar etmesi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 siyasal kaz\u0131nmalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek arzusunda. Ve hem teorik hem pratik olarak da bunun pe\u015finde oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Ulusal g\u00fcvenlik konsepti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Tayvan sorunu \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ulusal g\u00fcvenlik konseptinde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, Tayvan\u2019\u0131 kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir eyalet stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde b\u00f6lge kabul etti\u011fini uluslararas\u0131 arenada deklare derek ortaya koyarken, yasal temellerini olu\u015fturmak suretiyle de, me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ana K\u0131ta \u00c7in\u2019in hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki yakla\u015f\u0131k 24 milyon \u00c7inli\u2019ye ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Tayvan ise, \u00c7in\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 bir eyalet stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 reddederken, temelde kendilerini hakiki \u00c7in temsil eden siyasal bir yap\u0131 olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu tan\u0131mlaman\u0131n ad\u0131, hen\u00fcz \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devletiz\u201d dekl\u00e2rasyonu ile g\u00fcndeme getirilmemi\u015f olsa da, Tayvan sahip oldu\u011fu siyasal sistemi ile hem kendisini de facto<\/em> ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kabul ediyor, hem de \u00c7in\u2019e muhalif \u00fclkeler ve uluslararas\u0131 yap\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan, gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k bu de facto<\/em> ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131ndan gayet memnun durumda.<\/p>\n

Hong Kong ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan \u00f6rnekleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pekin y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6zellikle 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana \u015ei Cinping iktidar\u0131 ile birlikte ekonomik kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teritoryal egemenlik tesisine y\u00f6neltmesiyle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, uluslararas\u0131 medyan\u0131n g\u00fcndeminden d\u00fc\u015fmeyen G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi sorunu kadar, Do\u011fu \u00c7in Denizi ve Tayvan Bo\u011faz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131, birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011ferlendirilemeyecek \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00c7in siyasi elitinin en \u00f6nemli ulusal g\u00fcvenlik sorunu olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da Uygur halk\u0131 ile \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netime konu olan Hong Kong Adas\u0131 halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sergiledi\u011fi politikalar, hem Uygurlardan ve Hong Konglulardan gelen ele\u015ftiriler hem de uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyundan \u00a0gelen tepkilere ra\u011fmen, geri ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bu y\u00f6ndeki en son geli\u015fme ge\u00e7en Mart ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda ABD ad\u0131na d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Antony Blinken ve ulusal g\u00fcvenlik dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Jake Sullivan\u2019\u0131n \u00c7in d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Wang Yi ile Alaska\u2019da yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131da gayet a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ortaya konmas\u0131 ile taraflar aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a sert s\u00f6ylemlerin g\u00fcndeme gelmesine neden olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\u015ei Cinping iktidar\u0131nda, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Hong Kong \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netiminde Ada halk\u0131na tan\u0131nan demokratik ve liberal haklar\u0131n birer birer al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve daha \u00f6nce verilece\u011fi beyan edilen \u00f6rne\u011fin, Ada valisinin halk\u0131n oylar\u0131yla se\u00e7ilmesi gibi baz\u0131 haklar\u0131n ise uygulamaya ge\u00e7irilmemesinin ard\u0131ndan, Hong Kong\u2019un art\u0131k \u00f6zerk stat\u00fcs\u00fcnden geriye ne kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorgulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n

2019 y\u0131l\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda Hong Kong G\u00fcvenlik Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile birlikte, Ada\u2019da demokrasi yanl\u0131s\u0131 milletvekilleri ve aktivistlerin birer birer yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve nihayetinde demokrasi yanl\u0131s\u0131 milletvekili grubunun meclisten istifas\u0131 ile temsili demokrasinin pratik y\u00f6nlerinin art\u0131k pek de i\u015flerli\u011fini yitirdi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Yine benzer s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u00f6zellikle 2014\u2019dan itibaren Uygurlara y\u00f6nelik olarak toplama kamplar\u0131nda \u2018bilin\u00e7 d\u00fczenlemesi\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 t\u00fcm belirsizlikleri ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmeye devam ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn ad\u0131na, tam da \u201c\u00c7in Sorunu\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz yap\u0131n\u0131n bu iki temel unsuruna eklemlenebilecek \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir unsuru ise Tayvan olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin, Tayvan\u2019\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan ulusal g\u00fcvenlik konsepti, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen \u201cAyr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Yasas\u0131\u201d ile me\u015fru bir zemine dayand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Buna g\u00f6re, Tayvan y\u00f6netiminin herhangi bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k il\u00e2n\u0131 durumunda g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131, bu yasa \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde me\u015fru kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Tayvan\u2019dan hen\u00fcz b\u00f6ylesi bir il\u00e2n sad\u0131r olmu\u015f veya bunun a\u00e7\u0131k emareleri ortaya konulmam\u0131\u015f da olsa, bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada, Tayvan y\u00f6netimi ve halk\u0131 hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Hong Kong\u2019da ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da ya\u015fananlardan sonra s\u0131ran\u0131n kendilerine gelecek olmas\u0131ndan kayg\u0131l\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Tayvan\u2019\u0131 farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan ne?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tayvan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer iki yap\u0131dan ay\u0131ran unsur, 1949 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana de facto ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir siyasi yap\u0131 olmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayan, ayn\u0131 zamanda ekonomik ve teknolojik kalk\u0131nmada en ileri d\u00fczey \u00fclkeler s\u0131n\u0131flamas\u0131nda yer almas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar, 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar sonras\u0131nda Ana K\u0131ta \u00c7in ve Taipei Adas\u0131\u2019nda Tayvan iki farkl\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131 olarak g\u00fcndeme gelse de, Tayvan\u2019\u0131n ekonomik modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecindeki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in 1970\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flayan liberal ekonomi yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda kayda de\u011fer rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yine neredeyse ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, yani 1970\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131na kadar Tayvan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019ce tan\u0131nan ve temsilcisi olan bir siyasi yap\u0131 iken, \u00c7in-ABD ili\u015fkilerinin bir gere\u011fi olarak \u201cTek \u00c7in\u201d siyasi form\u00fclasyonunda, uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bunun sonucu olarak \u00c7in BM\u2019de temsil hakk\u0131 kazan\u0131rken, Tayvan art\u0131k bu hakk\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda ya\u015fananlar, \u00f6zellikle de 2012\u2019den bu yana Pekin y\u00f6netiminin siyasi egemenlik tesisindeki politikalar\u0131nda Hong Kong ve Uygur\u2019dan sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc safhan\u0131n Tayvan oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. Pekin y\u00f6netimi, askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6sterisi ile, bunu somut bir \u015fekilde ortaya koymaktan \u00e7ekinmiyor.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Tayvan \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler nezdinde \u00f6neminden bir \u015fey kaybetmi\u015f de\u011fil. Ayn\u0131 Tayvan, Bat\u0131l\u0131 uluslara\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015firketlerle teknolojik i\u015fbirliklerine devam ederken, ayn\u0131 zamanda kendi ulusal savunma sanayiini de olu\u015fturmu\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, Tayvan\u2019\u0131 b\u00f6ylesi bir \u00e7abaya sevk eden ve destekleyen unsurun ABD senatosunun kabul etti\u011fi Tayvan \u0130li\u015fkileri Yasas\u0131 ve bu yasan\u0131n, \u201cTayvan\u2019\u0131n kendini savunma hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki maddesi geliyor.<\/p>\n

Tayvan y\u00f6netimi hem bu yasa, hem uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerin gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k verdi\u011fi deste\u011fi arkas\u0131na alarak, geli\u015fmi\u015f teknolojisi ile kendi uzun menzilli f\u00fczelerini in\u015fa ederken, \u00c7in\u2019den gelebilecek olas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 daha Ana K\u0131ta\u2019da hedefleri vurarak engellemeyi pl\u00e2nl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fanan son geli\u015fmeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, ABD d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Anthony Blinken, gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k bu yasaya g\u00f6nderme yaparak \u201ctaahh\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn arkas\u0131nday\u0131z\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 ciddiye almak gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn sorulmas\u0131 gereken soru, Tayvan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 deklarasyonunun \u201ck\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgimiz\u201d kabul eden \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen \u201cAyr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Yasas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n nedeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan Ada\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik bir sald\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131p yapmayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in ordusunun bu y\u00f6nde imalar ta\u015f\u0131yan te\u015febb\u00fcsleri, \u00f6zellikle 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana giderek artan Tayvan Bo\u011faz\u0131 sorununu, Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesindeki potansiyel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131ndan biri haline getirmi\u015ftir. Pekin y\u00f6netiminin Hong Kong ve Do\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan\u2019da uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 cesurca giri\u015fiminin bir benzerini Tayvan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sergileyip sergileyemeyece\u011fini zaman g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 24.04.2021 \u00c7in ve Tayvan aras\u0131nda son d\u00f6nemde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3820,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3819"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3821,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3819\/revisions\/3821"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}