{"id":3806,"date":"2021-04-10T16:00:12","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T16:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3806"},"modified":"2021-04-10T16:00:12","modified_gmt":"2021-04-10T16:00:12","slug":"abd-ve-cinin-guney-cin-denizi-politikalari-ve-yeni-ittifaklar-south-china-sea-policies-of-the-us-and-china-and-emerging-alliances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/abd-ve-cinin-guney-cin-denizi-politikalari-ve-yeni-ittifaklar-south-china-sea-policies-of-the-us-and-china-and-emerging-alliances\/","title":{"rendered":"ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019in G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi politikalar\u0131 ve yeni ittifaklar \/ South China Sea Policies of the US and China and emerging alliances"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 10.04.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde, \u00f6zellikle de Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fclkelerin son d\u00f6nemde sergiledi\u011fi ekonomik geli\u015fme, b\u00f6lgenin sahip oldu\u011fu insan alt yap\u0131s\u0131, geni\u015f n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131, e\u011fitim ve y\u00f6netim yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik modernle\u015fmeye verdikleri \u00f6nemle birlikte ele al\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan ortaya konulan bu kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve bilin\u00e7li ekonomik modernle\u015fmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yine b\u00f6lgenin tarihsel olarak sahip oldu\u011fu zengin hammadde kaynaklar\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131, son d\u00f6nemdeki geli\u015fmeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6nemini giderek daha da geni\u015fleterek ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Seyir g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve hammadde kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Genelde \u00c7in ile b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri \u00f6zelde ise, \u00c7in ve ABD aras\u0131nda g\u00f6zlemlenen ve G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan art\u0131k rekabetin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmay\u0131 hak eden ortam tam da, bu hammadde kaynaklar\u0131 sorunuyla ilgili bir duruma tekab\u00fcl ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bu anlamda, Pekin y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6zellikle, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana giderek artan bir \u015fekilde G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nde, tarihsel ve geleneksel referanslarla teritoryal hak iddias\u0131 s\u0131radan bir geli\u015fme olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez.<\/p>\n

Aksine, \u00c7in devlet akl\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 Kara ve Deniz \u0130pek Yollar\u0131 projelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, tarihsel yap\u0131la\u015fmadan g\u00fc\u00e7 alarak d\u00f6nemin getirdi\u011fi\/do\u011furdu\u011fu \u015fartlar i\u00e7erisinde bu iddiayi ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin getirdi\u011fi \u015fartlardan kast\u0131m\u0131z, \u00c7in\u2019in g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak bir yandan Filipinler\u2019in bat\u0131s\u0131nda Sulu ve Palawan Adalar\u0131\u2019na kom\u015fu Spratly Adalar grubu civar\u0131nda, \u00f6te yandan g\u00fcneyde Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n Riau Adalar\u0131\u2019na kadar uzanan geni\u015f su yolundaki sualt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6neminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu konuda, daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda da dile getirdi\u011fimiz \u00fczere, b\u00f6lgenin zengin karbon kaynaklar\u0131na dair veriler, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda teknolojik geli\u015fmeler ve yap\u0131lan fiziki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bug\u00fcn, b\u00f6lgenin bu sualt\u0131 zenginli\u011fini daha da peki\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nin sahip oldu\u011fu hammadde zenginli\u011fini, sadece petrol ve do\u011fal gaz ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bu noktada, son d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan do\u011fal afetler ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar gibi tecr\u00fcbeler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve istikrar\u0131 konusunu bir kez daha \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken, b\u00f6lge denizlerinin \u00f6nemi de bir kat artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin \u201cbal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce de burada avlan\u0131yordu\u201d s\u00f6ylemi basit bir retorik de\u011fil, aksine gayet \u00f6nemli bir ekonomik bir de\u011fere at\u0131fta bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u2018Asya \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma potansiyeli?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yine 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda, baz\u0131 sosyal bilimcilerin 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 \u2018Asya \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rmalar\u0131nda, sadece b\u00f6lgenin ekonomik modernle\u015fmeyi yakalam\u0131\u015f ve bu yolda gayet \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar atma niyetini ve icraat\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan \u00fclkelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, b\u00f6ylesine \u00f6nemli hammadde zenginli\u011fini de dikkate ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren tedrici olarak uygulamaya koydu\u011fu teritoryal haklar iddias\u0131 ve suni adalar yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ilk \u00f6nemli tepkiyi Filipinler\u2019de 2010\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Benigno Aquino h\u00fck\u00fcmeti vermi\u015fti. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise, Pekin bu sefer Vietnam\u2019\u0131n da hak iddias\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede bir s\u00fcre, dev sondaj gemisiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada, sadece Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde de\u011fil, k\u00fcresel g\u00fcndemi belirleyen ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan, yeni bir t\u00fcr So\u011fuk Sava\u015f s\u00fcreci olarak yorumlanmas\u0131na neden olan geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in bir yandan, ad\u0131na bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 gemileri denilen ancak, dev filodan olu\u015fan sivil yap\u0131lanmas\u0131yla suni adalar\u0131 \u015fekillendirmeye, i\u015flevselle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve \u00f6te yandan, yeniden deniz taban\u0131nda sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmesi ile yeni bir d\u00f6neme girildi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu geni\u015f su havzas\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda derin deniz sondaj\u0131nda bulunabilecek \u00fclke say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkelerin s\u00f6z konusu b\u00f6ylesi bir kapasiteyi devam ettirebilecek siyasal, askeri ve teknik donan\u0131mdan g\u00f6rece yoksunluklar\u0131, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda var olan ittifak yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden \u015fekillenmesi kadar, yeni ittifak olu\u015fumlar\u0131na da kap\u0131 aral\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

ASEAN politikalar\u0131 ve yap\u0131sal destek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu noktada, her ne kadar G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri Birli\u011fi (Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/em>-ASEAN), bir b\u00f6lgesel birlik olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla teoride bir g\u00fc\u00e7 unsuru olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclse de, di\u011fer baz\u0131 konularda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131k olundu\u011fu \u00fczere siyasal ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu birli\u011fin tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00c7in\u2019le masaya oturmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engeli olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

ASEAN b\u00fcnyesinde Vietnam-Malezya, Tayland-Malezya, Singapur-Malezya, Endonezya-Malezya, Singapur-Endonezya gibi \u00f6rneklerde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, b\u00f6lgedeki k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131klar\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili olarak taraflar\u0131n ikili anla\u015fmalarla sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zme e\u011filimi sergiledikleri ve bunda gayet ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak bug\u00fcn, \u00c7in\u2019in G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131yla ilgili olarak Bruney, Vietnam, Filipinler ve Malezya ile tek tek masaya oturma g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn aksine, ASEAN b\u00fcnyesinde sorunu ele alma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n pratikte ne denli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulaca\u011f\u0131 ise \u015f\u00fcphelidir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00f6lgedeki teritoryal hakimiyet s\u00fcrecinde, her ne kadar \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi tek tek ilgili \u00fclkelerle sorunu ele alma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir siyasal karar i\u015fletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesizli\u011fi nedeniyle b\u00f6ylesi bir yakla\u015f\u0131ma \u2018evet\u2019 demeyecekleri ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi sorunu yaz\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde dikkat \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u00fczere ABD ile ya\u015fanan bir t\u00fcr yeni So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi yap\u0131s\u0131 olarak dikkat \u00e7ekerken, ABD b\u00f6lgedeki en yak\u0131n m\u00fcttefikleri \u00f6zellikle de, Japonya\u2019y\u0131, Avustralya\u2019y\u0131 ve de Hindistan\u2019\u0131 yan\u0131na alarak yeni bir b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7erisindedir.<\/p>\n

Bu olu\u015fumun, s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkelerin konumlar\u0131 dikkat eal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019nun kuzey ve g\u00fcneyi ile en bat\u0131da Hint Okyanusu ile \u00e7evrelenen ve \u00e7e\u015fitli suyollar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney \u00c7in Denizi\u2019nde g\u00fcvenli seyir olgusuna y\u00f6nelik \u00c7in\u2019in tehdit dolu giri\u015fim ve te\u015febb\u00fcslerine kar\u015f\u0131 ABD\u2019nin uygulamaya koydu\u011fu ve b\u00f6lge denizlerinin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik Serbest Denizcilik Operasyonlar\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi yap\u0131n\u0131n Joe Biden y\u00f6netiminde devam etmesi kadar, \u00c7in\u2019in yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6zellikle, s\u00f6z konusu bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkenin de i\u015ftirak\u0131yla geni\u015fletilebilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, her ne kadar t\u00fcm i\u00e7 a\u00e7mazlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, b\u00f6lgesel bir yap\u0131la\u015fma olarak ASEAN\u2019\u0131n duru\u015funun bu geli\u015fmelerde belirleyicili\u011fi \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmamak gerekir. Adlar\u0131 \u2018k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fclkeler\u2019 olarak ge\u00e7se de, b\u00f6lgesel karar mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilecek \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmalar\u0131 hem \u00c7in hem de ABD taraf\u0131ndan dikkatle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, yukar\u0131da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en m\u00fcttefiklerden farkl\u0131 olarak ASEAN \u00fclkeleri b\u00f6lgesel silahlanmaya g\u00f6rece daha geriden takip ederken, sorunlara y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131c\u0131 politikalar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyorlar. ABD\u2019nin do\u011frudan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ortama girmeden ASEAN \u00fczerinden b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi \u00e7ok daha ekonomik bir politik yakla\u015f\u0131m olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 10.04.2021 Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde, \u00f6zellikle de Do\u011fu ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3807,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asya-pasifik","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3806"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3806\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3808,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3806\/revisions\/3808"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}