{"id":3712,"date":"2021-02-02T20:41:56","date_gmt":"2021-02-02T20:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3712"},"modified":"2021-02-06T12:25:29","modified_gmt":"2021-02-06T12:25:29","slug":"myanmarda-demokrasi-sorunu-the-issue-of-democracy-in-myanmar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/myanmarda-demokrasi-sorunu-the-issue-of-democracy-in-myanmar\/","title":{"rendered":"Myanmar\u2019da Demokrasi Sorunu \/ The issue of democracy in Myanmar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 02.02.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019da ordunun 1 \u015eubat sabah\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi darbenin ard\u0131ndan, ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 hususlar bulunuyor.<\/a><\/p>\n

Bunlar \u00fclke siyasal ve toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131nda son on y\u0131lda ya\u015fanan s\u00fcre\u00e7ler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda demokratikle\u015fme, Myanmar ordusunun sadece siyasetle de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclke ekonomiyle ili\u015fkisi, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin bu s\u00fcreci do\u011fru de\u011ferlendirip de\u011ferlendirmemesi, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri Birli\u011fi’nin (ASEAN) Myanmar\u2019daki geli\u015fmelerdeki rol\u00fc ve tutumu gibi konularla ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu hususlar kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Suu Kyi\u2019nin bizatihi kendisinin ve partisinin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemeyecek bir boyut i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, bir ba\u015fka \u015fekilde s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, \u00fclkenin bug\u00fcn darbeye maruz kalmas\u0131nda Ulusal Demokrasi Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (National League for Democracy<\/em>-NLD) bir rol\u00fc var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde yani, 8 Kas\u0131m 2015 se\u00e7imlerini kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, be\u015f y\u0131l boyunca iktidarda olan ve ba\u015f\u0131nda Suu Kyi\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu NLD\u2019nin demokratikle\u015fme konusunda \u00fclke genelinde ne gibi ad\u0131mlar atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu gayet \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Suu Kyi\u2019de darbe 2015\u2019de oldu!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Burada, hem \u00f6nde gelen bir siyaset\u00e7i olarak Suu Kyi\u2019nin bizatihi kendisi, hem de \u00fclkenin ulusal siyaseti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan ilk konu, Suu Kyi\u2019nin 2015 se\u00e7imlerinin ard\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasal a\u00e7mazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu siyasi a\u00e7mazdan kast\u0131m\u0131z, 2015 se\u00e7imlerinin hemen ard\u0131ndan, ordu yumu\u015fak g\u00fcc\u00fc vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, Suu Kyi\u2019nin devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ilmesini engellemesidir.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, asl\u0131nda ordu bizatihi Suu Kyi\u2019e bireysel darbeyi, 2015 se\u00e7imlerinin hemen ard\u0131ndan onun devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesiyle ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n

Suu Kyi\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik bu bireysel darbenin sadece onun devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmemesi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan aksine bunun \u00f6tesinde sembolik ve demokrasi prati\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke siyasal yap\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok partili ya\u015fam, siville\u015fmenin geni\u015fletilmesi ve art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim, Myanmar halk\u0131n\u0131n beklentileri ve demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcreci, uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerin Suu Kyi ile yak\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arzusu gibi ba\u011flamlar\u0131n bir anda donmas\u0131 ve hareketsizle\u015fmesi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Dikkatle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken ikinci konu ise, Myanmar\u2019\u0131n bir ulus devlet olabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131yan s\u00fcre\u00e7leri y\u00f6netememe sorunudur.<\/p>\n

Suu Kyi s\u00fcreci y\u00f6netebildi mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Suu Kyi, kendi \u015fahs\u0131n\u0131 da hedef alan yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen m\u00fcdahalenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, o d\u00f6nem iki \u00f6nemli sorunla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Bunlardan ilki, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 ortalar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 nedeniyle 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda, uluslararas\u0131 bir boyuta ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar sorunu.<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisi ise, \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131nda ya\u015fam s\u00fcren etnik yap\u0131lar ve bunlar\u0131 temsil eden siyasi organizasyonlarla, neredeyse \u00fclkenin kurulu\u015fundan itibaren var olan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sona erdirilmesi ve bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 konusunda gerekli ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131 beklentisiydi.<\/p>\n

Suu Kyi, bu her iki s\u00fcreci y\u00f6netemedi\u011fi gibi, sivil h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yani, NLD iktidar\u0131 hem Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar konusunda hem de Karen, Kachin, Mon, Budist Arakan vd. etnik yap\u0131larla ilgili g\u00fcndeme gelen bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde arzu edilir bir geli\u015fme sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu durum a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, ordunun gayet hassas oldu\u011fu bilinen bu konularda, NLD h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ordunun talep ve beklentilerine uygun \u015fekilde hareket etti\u011fi bug\u00fcn daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2015 se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan demokrasi ikonu<\/em> olarak kabul edilen ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcllere lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Suu Kyi, iktidara geldikten sonra bu iki \u00f6nemli uluslararas\u0131 sorunla ilgili ad\u0131mlar atamam\u0131\u015f, atmaktan \u00e7ekinmi\u015f ya da ordu taraf\u0131ndan kendisine yap\u0131lan bask\u0131lara boyun e\u011fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck, Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 adalet mahkemesince a\u00e7\u0131lan davada Suu Kyi, ordunun arkas\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu \u015fiddet s\u00fcrecini ulusal g\u00fcvenlik gibi ba\u011flamlara oturtarak hakl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ordu egemen toplum<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkenin merkez y\u00f6netiminde s\u00f6z sahibi olan Bamar<\/em> k\u00f6kenli ve babas\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131nda merkezdeki konumundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc merkezi gayet iyi tan\u0131yan akademisyen ve aktivist Maung Zarni\u2019nin Pazartesi g\u00fcnk\u00fc darbenin ard\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cDarbe olsun veya olmas\u0131n ordunun oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etti\u011fi Myanmar demokratikle\u015fmeyi ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/em>\u201d anlam\u0131na gelecek a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen iki \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmenin bir ba\u015fka \u015fekilde ifadesidir asl\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn ya\u015fananlar a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 boyunca \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neten ordunun, bir kez daha siyaset sahnesinde g\u00fcc\u00fc somut olarak eline ge\u00e7irmesi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Suu Kyi\u2019i ulusal g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yan 1980\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler hat\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, o d\u00f6nem sivil bir lider olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Suu Kyi\u2019ye aralar\u0131nda Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da oldu\u011fu farkl\u0131 etnik gruplar\u0131n verdi\u011fi deste\u011fin ve bunun 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki se\u00e7imlerde tekrarlanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Suu Kyi ve partisi NLD\u2019nin bu kitlelere y\u00f6nelik ne t\u00fcr olumlu bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verilebildi\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphelidir.<\/p>\n

Gerek 1980\u2019ler ve sonras\u0131nda gerekse bug\u00fcn ya\u015fanan darbe sonras\u0131nda Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerin ald\u0131klar\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131m kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Myanmar\u2019\u0131 ve Myanmar\u2019daki askeri eliti ne denli ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ise gayet sorunludur.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin Myanmar\u2019\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 arenada etkisizle\u015ftirme ve yapt\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Myanmar\u2019da de\u011fi\u015fim maalesef ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ve yar\u0131 sivil y\u00f6netime ad\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirilen se\u00e7imlerin ve ard\u0131ndan gelen Thein Sein h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda ise, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fartlarla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin Myanmar\u2019da demokratikle\u015fmeden beklentilerinin, sadece Suu Kyi fakt\u00f6r\u00fcyle ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn ise, Myanmar ordusunun yine darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunabilme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kendinde bulabilmesini, sadece \u00fclke i\u00e7i g\u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Aksine, bir yanda Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da \u00c7in ve Kuzey Kore, \u00f6te yandan ASEAN\u2019da Tayland ve Malezya\u2019da ya\u015fananlar ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde bu y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda belki de, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen demokrasi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 geli\u015fmelerin de, ad\u0131na k\u00fcreselle\u015fme denilen ve her alanda kendini g\u00f6steren \u00a0geli\u015fmeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Myanmar\u2019da bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 02.02.2021 Myanmar\u2019da ordunun 1 \u015eubat sabah\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3713,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-myanmar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3712"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3712\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3722,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3712\/revisions\/3722"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}