{"id":3707,"date":"2021-02-01T17:29:38","date_gmt":"2021-02-01T17:29:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3707"},"modified":"2021-02-01T17:37:18","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T17:37:18","slug":"myanmarda-darbe-demokratik-yonetimi-vurdu-military-coup-hit-the-democratic-rule-in-myanmar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/myanmarda-darbe-demokratik-yonetimi-vurdu-military-coup-hit-the-democratic-rule-in-myanmar\/","title":{"rendered":"Myanmar\u2019da darbe demokratik y\u00f6netimi vurdu \/ Military coup hit the democratic rule in Myanmar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 01.02.2021<\/strong><\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019da ordu Pazartesi sabah erken saatlerde d\u00fczenledi\u011fi kans\u0131z darbe ile y\u00f6netime el koydu.<\/p>\n

Ordu komutan\u0131 General Min Aung Hlaing\u2019 ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki askeri y\u00f6netim, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci serbest genel se\u00e7imi kabul edilen geli\u015fmenin ard\u0131ndan bug\u00fcn yani, Pazartesi yeni parlamento a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde darbe yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Darbe s\u00f6zc\u00fclerinden yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, ordunun 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen anayasada orduya verilen hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131larak sivil y\u00f6netimin ask\u0131ya al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fclkede bir y\u0131l boyunca ordu y\u00f6netimindeki ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinin ard\u0131ndan yeni se\u00e7imlere gidilece\u011fi belirtildi.<\/p>\n

1990\u2019dan sonra NLD\u2019ye ikinci darbe<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ordunun bu sabah erken saatlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi darbe, 27 May\u0131s 1990\u2019daki se\u00e7imlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck oy \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kazanan NLD\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik ikinci en \u00f6nemli darbe anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda d\u00f6nemin ordu y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 verilen toplumsal tepkinin ard\u0131ndan \u0130ngiltere\u2019den \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nen Suu Kyi demokrasi \u00f6ncs\u00fc olarak kitlelere ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn ordunun giri\u015fimine kar\u015f\u0131 toplum kesimlerinden herhangi bir tepki g\u00f6sterilmezken darbeye sebep olarak, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Kas\u0131m ay\u0131ndaki genel se\u00e7imlere hile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddialar g\u00f6sterildi.<\/p>\n

Normal ko\u015fullarda sivil siyaset\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan, ordu g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcndeki se\u00e7imlere y\u00f6nelik olarak g\u00fcndeme getirilen bu iddiay\u0131, Myanmar\u2019da ordunun sivil h\u00fck\u00fcmete y\u00f6neltmesi \u00fclke siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinin en bariz \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Se\u00e7imlerin hemen ard\u0131ndan, ordu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda se\u00e7im usuls\u00fczleri g\u00fcndeme getirilmi\u015fti. Aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, ordunun ulusal se\u00e7im komisyonundan oy listelerinin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hedef NLD<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pazartesi sabah erken saatlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen darbenin hedefinde, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda \u00fclkede yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imleri kazanan ve ikinci kez \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netme hakk\u0131 kazanan Ulusal Demokrasi Birli\u011fi (National League for Democracy<\/em>-NLD) bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Darbeyle birlikte NLD genel ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmette devlet dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 g\u00f6revinde bulunan Syu Kyi\u2019nin ve devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Win Myint\u2019in g\u00f6z alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan, o zamanki ad\u0131yla Burma, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 boyunca, k\u0131sa aral\u0131klar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda cunta rejimlerine konu oldu.<\/p>\n

7 Kas\u0131m 2010 tarihinde yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imleri NLD kat\u0131lmay\u0131 reddederken, ordunun destek verdi\u011fi ve ba\u015f\u0131nda eski asker Thein Sein\u2019in bulundu\u011fu \u2018Birle\u015fik Dayan\u0131\u015fma ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi\u2019 (USDP) oylar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015eubat ay\u0131ndaki ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imiyle Thein Sein ba\u015fkanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Cunta rejiminden sivil y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00f6netimin ard\u0131ndan, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki se\u00e7imleri NLD b\u00fcy\u00fck oy fark\u0131yla kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gerek 2010 gerekse 2015\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen demokratik se\u00e7imlerine ra\u011fmen, \u00fclkede ordunun siyaset kurumu \u00fczerindeki a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 devam etti.<\/p>\n

2008 anayasas\u0131, ordu mensuplar\u0131na ulusal parlamentoda y\u00fczde 25\u2019lik oranda temsil imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131rken, \u00f6zellikle \u00fc\u00e7 bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yani savunma, i\u00e7i\u015fleri ve s\u0131n\u0131r i\u015fleri bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulundurmas\u0131, ordunun sivil siyasetteki etki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, \u00fclke demokrasisinin ordunun egemenlik alan\u0131 ile sivil demokrasi aras\u0131nda par\u00e7al\u0131 yap\u0131ya b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Ordunun, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te en \u00f6nemli bask\u0131s\u0131, 2015 se\u00e7imlerinin ard\u0131ndan devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131 beklenen Syu Kyi\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn kesilmesindeki rol\u00fc oldu.<\/p>\n

Ordunun g\u00f6lgesinde sivil siyaset <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ordunun, yukar\u0131da zikredilen bakanl\u0131klar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6zellikle, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara\/anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara konu olan etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu eyaletlerdeki faaliyetleri kontrol etmesi, bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00f6z konusu bu etnik yap\u0131larla arzu edilen bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engeli olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle, Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n siyasi ve etnik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yok sayan geli\u015fmeler bu s\u00fcrecin en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ve ard\u0131ndan siviller kadar ordunun da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair ciddi iddialar\u0131n oldu\u011fu 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran ay\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Thein Sein\u2019in Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n konumunun iyile\u015ftirilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aksine, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 giderek art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve 2015 il\u00e2 2017\u2019de ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerle etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerde ortak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn has\u0131l olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131na izin verilmeyen Syu Kyi i\u00e7in devlet dan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 konumunda \u00f6zel bir bakanl\u0131k olu\u015fturularak devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131na dan\u0131\u015fman olarak g\u00f6revlendirilirken, ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yaz\u0131larda, Syu Kyi\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu NLD\u2019nin 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda elde etti\u011fi se\u00e7im ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda elde edilen se\u00e7im zaferine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netmesine izin verilmeyen partinin siyasi intikam\u0131 olarak yorumlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn ya\u015fanan darbe ise ordunun, NLD \u00f6zelinde \u00fclke siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n demokratikle\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engel oldu\u011funu bir kez daha kan\u0131tlamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc parlamayan \u00fclke<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde yeniden olu\u015fan siyasi sistemler aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya b\u00f6lgesinin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede parlayacak y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 olarak kabul edilen Myanmar\u2019\u0131n, aradan ge\u00e7en yetmi\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda arzu edilen toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve ulusal birli\u011fin sa\u011flayabildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke, n\u00fcfuzun y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131na a\u015fk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan Bamar <\/em>k\u00f6kenli etnik yap\u0131n\u0131n siyasi egemenli\u011fine konu oldu.<\/p>\n

Kuzey-do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Mon, Chin, Kachin, Shan, Karen, Rohingya-Arakan gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli etnik yap\u0131lar merkezi g\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015fturan Bamar<\/em> \u00e7o\u011funluk kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda otonom ve\/ya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadeleleri vermeleriyle tan\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle, Karen ve Kachin gibi etnik yap\u0131lar kendi b\u00f6lgelerinde de facto<\/em> egemenlik sa\u011flarkan, sahip olduklar\u0131 silahl\u0131 birlikleriyle merkezi orduya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7indeler.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkan Thein Sein ve ard\u0131ndan NLD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde \u00fclkenin demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz \u00f6neme sahip olan az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplarla bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinde arzu edilen geli\u015fmeler sa\u011flanamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 gruplar, merkezi y\u00f6netimle yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere davet edilmezken, Rohingya-Arakan b\u00f6lgesinde bir yandan \u00f6zellikle, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran ay\u0131ndan bu yana Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131ma varan s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ya\u015fan\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fam s\u00fcren Budist Rohingya grubu kurdu\u011fu silahl\u0131 gruplarla merkezi yap\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Darbenin ASEAN\u2019a etkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkede ya\u015fanan darbe, \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri Birli\u011fi (Association of Souteast Asian Nations<\/em>-ASEAN) i\u00e7erisinde ekonomik ve siyasal yap\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyecek bir geli\u015fme olarak g\u00f6rmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen ASEAN Ekonomik Birli\u011fi (ASEAN Economic Community<\/em>-AEC), aralar\u0131nda Myanmar\u2019\u0131n da oldu\u011fu \u00fcye \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ekonomik kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 hedeflerken, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 ayn\u0131 zamanda siyasal beraberlik konusundaki geli\u015fmeleri de destekleyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini g\u00fcndeme getiriyordu.<\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019daki darbenin bu s\u00fcreci sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemesine engel olaca\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle son d\u00f6nemde ekonomik kalk\u0131nmada kayda de\u011fer ad\u0131mlar atan Myanmar\u2019\u0131n, ordu y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda ge\u00e7ecek ve ard\u0131ndan ordu destekli siyasi yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 finans ve yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7evrelerinde desteklerin \u00e7ekilmesi anlam\u0131na gelecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu darbe, Myanmar ordusunun 1962 ve 1990 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi darbeleri hat\u0131rlatmas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. O d\u00f6nemlerde de, \u00fclke anayasas\u0131 ask\u0131ya al\u0131narak, ordu uzun d\u00f6nem \u00fclke siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 tekeline alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, ordu s\u00f6zc\u00fcleri bir y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan demokratik se\u00e7imler vaadinde bulunsa da, bu konuda ordunun ne kadar samimi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zaman g\u00f6sterecek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 01.02.2021 Myanmar\u2019da ordu Pazartesi sabah erken saatlerde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-myanmar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3707"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3711,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3707\/revisions\/3711"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}