{"id":3594,"date":"2020-11-24T19:46:51","date_gmt":"2020-11-24T19:46:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3594"},"modified":"2020-11-24T19:47:45","modified_gmt":"2020-11-24T19:47:45","slug":"3594japon-is-ahlaki-ve-kapitalizm-japan-work-ethics-and-capitalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/3594japon-is-ahlaki-ve-kapitalizm-japan-work-ethics-and-capitalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Japon i\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131 ve kapitalizm \/ Japan work ethics and capitalism"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 24.11.2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00fclkelerinden Japonya, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00fcresel ekonomide \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer almas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Japonya\u2019y\u0131 genelde Bat\u0131\u2019da, \u00f6zelde ise Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan husus, bu ulusun sahip oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma eti\u011fi, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle i\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131d\u0131r. Bu noktada, Japon i\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131n\u0131n gayet olumlu bir ba\u011flam ve hisse neden oldu\u011fu dile getirilebilir.<\/p>\n

Japon toplumunda g\u00f6zlemlenen bu ger\u00e7eklik, bir yanda \u2018ekonomik modernle\u015fme\u2019 \u00f6te yandan, \u2018etik\u2019 olgusunun ili\u015fkisini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ortaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, genel itibar\u0131yla \u2018i\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131\u2019 olgusu, Japonya\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik modernle\u015fmesinin ve buna zemin te\u015fkil eden end\u00fcstriyel ve teknolojik geli\u015fiminin ard\u0131nda yatan yeg\u00e2ne unsur olarak an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, bu eti\u011fin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu sorusunun ve buna cevap arama \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da ki\u015fi ve\/ya gruplar taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hemen burada, i\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131 ya da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma eti\u011fi zikredildi\u011finde akla, Max Weber\u2019in \u2018Protestan ahl\u00e2k\u0131\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131 getirdi\u011fine ku\u015fku bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Temelde hukuk ve iktisat e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f, Din\u2019le pek de do\u011frudan \u2018al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi olmayan\u2019 Weber\u2019in, Protestan ahl\u00e2k\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmesi, bir ekonomi sistemi olarak kapitalizme yol a\u00e7an s\u00fcreci belirleme konusundaki temel sorunsal\u0131na cevap arama iste\u011fi yat\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Weber\u2019in bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kayna\u011f\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alman toplumu ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Avrupa toplumunda ticari ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerindeki farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekmesi olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, o d\u00f6nem var olan kapitalist ekonomik ili\u015fkileri anlamland\u0131rma sorunu, Weber\u2019i tarihsel ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya sevk etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kabaca s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, di\u011fer baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n aksine, kapitalizmin kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak, Protestan dini inanc\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 temel ilkelerinin, ticari ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerde zamanla olu\u015fturdu\u011fu rasyonel yap\u0131la\u015fmalar g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Tabii burada tekil ve linear bir ili\u015fki t\u00fcr\u00fcne vurgudan ziyade, Weber, Protestan ahl\u00e2k\u0131n\u0131n, kapitalizmin sistemik bir yap\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olan unsurlardan sadece biri oldu\u011fu sonuca varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu tarihsel ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimin ard\u0131ndan, Bat\u0131l\u0131 kapitalist toplumlarda Protestan ahl\u00e2k\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ziyade, bu dini yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan etik davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n yap\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tamam\u0131yla d\u00fcnyevi-materyalistle\u015fmi\u015f bir nitelik arz eden bir ekonomik sistem yani kapitalizm, kendi rasyonel kurgusu i\u00e7erisinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

Peki, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kla ve Avrupa tarihi birikimi ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimiyle bir ba\u011f\u0131 olmayan Japonya\u2019da, Protestan ahl\u00e2k\u0131 olgusu i\u015flevselle\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kendili\u011finden ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken, bir ba\u015fka soru g\u00fcndeme gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

O da, Japonya\u2019da ekonomik modernle\u015fmeyi ve buna neden olan ahl\u00e2ki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu sorusudur. Bu soru, bizi t\u0131pk\u0131 Weber\u2019in takip etti\u011fi y\u00f6ntem gibi Japon tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fine g\u00f6z atmaya sevk etmektedir. Bu noktada, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Japon tarihinin, geleneklerinin ve dini\/msi yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n neye tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fi sorusu \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Japonya, i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik sistem olarak kapitalist bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ortaya konulan ekonomik modernle\u015fmenin, Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da Protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu \u201ckapitalizm ruhu\u201d ile a\u00e7\u0131klanmamas\u0131 da gayet \u00f6nemli bir duruma i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Dikkat \u00e7eken bir ba\u015fka husus, Weber\u2019in, Bat\u0131 Avrupa dini-toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131nda Protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, bir ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olan fakt\u00f6rlerden biri oldu\u011fu yolundaki inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 teorisine ra\u011fmen, bu inan\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn zamanla varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Japon i\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131 bug\u00fcn dahi kendini tarihsel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bir devaml\u0131l\u0131k olarak ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu ahl\u00e2k, maddi olmayan temeller \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilirken, bunun do\u011frudan bir sonucu olarak Japon ekonomik modernle\u015fmesinin de kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil ediyor. Asl\u0131nda tam da burada, Bat\u0131 \u00fclkeleri ve Japon kapitalizmi aras\u0131nda gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00e7eli\u015fkili durumdan s\u00f6z edildi\u011fini vurgulamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131yla kapitalizm, kendi olu\u015fturdu\u011fu rasyonalitesiyle bir materyalist ekonomi sistemi olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, Bat\u0131\u2019da bir dini de\u011fer ya da de\u011ferler silsilesiyle a\u00e7\u0131klanmazken, Japonya\u2019da ad\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamakla birlikte, bir sistemik yap\u0131 olarak kapitalizmin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015fleyi\u015fi Japon i\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Japonlar\u0131n kendi g\u00fcndelik edimlerinde, i\u015f \u00fcretim ve y\u00f6netim a\u015famalar\u0131nda teori ve pratik olarak ortaya koyduklar\u0131 i\u015f ahl\u00e2k\u0131 normlar\u0131, kapitalizmin yeniden \u00fcretimi noktas\u0131nda ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta m\u0131d\u0131r? Yoksa kendinde bir toplum olarak bu normlara ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k sergilemekle i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda -t\u0131pk\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi- varolu\u015fsal bir de\u011fer mi kazan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r? sorusunu da g\u00fcndeme getirmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 24.11.2020 Do\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00fclkelerinden Japonya, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3595,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3594"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3597,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3594\/revisions\/3597"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}