{"id":3564,"date":"2020-11-07T23:24:04","date_gmt":"2020-11-07T23:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3564"},"modified":"2020-11-07T23:24:04","modified_gmt":"2020-11-07T23:24:04","slug":"myanmarda-secim-ve-demokratiklesme-sorunu-elections-in-myanmar-and-the-issue-of-democratization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/myanmarda-secim-ve-demokratiklesme-sorunu-elections-in-myanmar-and-the-issue-of-democratization\/","title":{"rendered":"Myanmar\u2019da se\u00e7im ve demokratikle\u015fme sorunu \/ elections in Myanmar and the issue of democratization"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 08.11.2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Myanmar genel se\u00e7imler i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn sand\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131nda. Ulusal parlamento ve 13 eyalet parlamentosu se\u00e7imleri kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke, 2011 ve 2015\u2019deki se\u00e7imlerin ard\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez demokratik se\u00e7ime konu olurken, Suu Kyi\u2019nin ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu\u011fu iktidardaki Ulusal Demokrat Parti\u2019nin (National League for Democracy<\/em>-NLD) 35 milyon kay\u0131tl\u0131 se\u00e7menin kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imi kazanmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

Mecliste \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu elinde bulunduran iktidardaki NLD ile ordu destekli Birle\u015fik Dayan\u0131\u015fma ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi\u2019nin (Union Solidarity and Development Party<\/em>-USDP) yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yeni kurulan ve Birle\u015fik Siyasal Partiler \u0130ttifak\u0131 (United Political Parties Alliance<\/em>-UPPA) \u2018Halk\u0131n Partisi (People\u2019s Party<\/em>) ve Ulusal Politika Demokratik Parti de (Democratic Party of National Politics<\/em>) parlamentoda temsil edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu se\u00e7im, \u00fclkenin bir yandan demokrasi s\u0131nav\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karken, ayn\u0131 zamanda, kovid-19 s\u00fcrecinde b\u00f6ylesine \u00f6nemli bir kamusal hareketlili\u011fin nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi konusundaki \u015f\u00fcpheleri de \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131yor. 8 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de ba\u015flayan se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7e\u015fitli muhalefet partilerinin se\u00e7im iptal \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na iktidardaki NLD\u2019den olumlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, \u00fclkede son d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan ikinci demokratik se\u00e7im olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan bu se\u00e7im, ne NLD\u2019nin protesto ederek kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2011 s\u00fcreci ne de 2015 se\u00e7imleri kadar uluslararas\u0131 medyada yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fen Myanmar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Myanmar\u2019daki se\u00e7imin daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan iki se\u00e7imden farkl\u0131 olarak uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fcndemde yeterince yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n

Bunda, Myanmar\u2019da reform hedefiyle iktidara gelen NLD lideri Suu Kyi\u2019nin, 2015 se\u00e7imlerinden bu yana ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle Arakan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 konusunda izledi\u011fi politika ve \u00fclke genelinde demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ya\u015fanan sorunlar nedeniyle uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepkilerin \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Suu Kyi, \u00fclkede Arakan sorunu kadar, \u00e7e\u015fitli etnik yap\u0131larla anla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ya\u015fanan sorunlara ra\u011fmen, \u00f6zellikle Bamar<\/em> etnik \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun deste\u011fiyle yeniden se\u00e7ilme \u015fans\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 70\u2019ini olu\u015fturan Barma etnik \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun oylar\u0131, di\u011fer geri kalan y\u00fczde 30\u2019l\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturan etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131n oylar\u0131n\u0131n kendi siyasi olu\u015fumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belirleyici olaca\u011f\u0131 ortada.<\/p>\n

Zay\u0131flayan demokrasi umudu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, ge\u00e7en be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda t\u00fcm beklentilere ra\u011fmen, merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitli etnik yap\u0131lar aras\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, bu se\u00e7imde de etkisini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkenin demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine ve iktidardaki NLD\u2019nin bu konudaki s\u00f6ylemlerine ra\u011fmen, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n s\u00fcrmesi nedeniyle Rakine, Kayin, Ka\u00e7in, Shan ve Chin eyaletlerindeki kitlelerin oy kullanamayacak olmas\u0131 durumun vahametini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, \u00f6zellikle 2017 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131m sonras\u0131nda yedi y\u00fcz bini ila dokuz y\u00fcz bin aras\u0131nda Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeyi terk ederken, h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6zellikle de \u00e7e\u015fitli kamplarda ya\u015fam s\u00fcren, ancak kesin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bilinmeyen Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131n oy kullanma hakk\u0131 bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, \u00fclkede yap\u0131lacak se\u00e7imlere g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ise ku\u015fku olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, se\u00e7imlerin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu eyaletlerde NLD\u2019nin eyalet parlamentolar\u0131nda kayba u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

Mevcut NLD y\u00f6netiminin demokratikle\u015fme konusundaki zaafiyetini, bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde h\u00e2l\u00e2 etkin olan askeri yap\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Sivil idarenin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Win Myint\u2019en ziyade, perde arkas\u0131ndaki lideri Suu Kyi, ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre\u00e7te askerleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na almak yerine onlarla birlikte siyaset yapma zorunda kalmas\u0131 \u00fclkenin halen bir ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminde oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

2008 anayasas\u0131na g\u00f6re, ordu mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n ulusal parlamentoda y\u00fczde 25\u2019lik oran\u0131 temsil etmesi ve \u00fc\u00e7 bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yani savunma, i\u00e7 i\u015fleri ve s\u0131n\u0131r i\u015fleri bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulundurmas\u0131, ordunun sivil siyasetteki g\u00fcc\u00fcne i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, se\u00e7imde NLD\u2019nin politikalar\u0131ndan memnun olmayan \u00e7evrelerin kurdu\u011fu yeni partilere tan\u0131k olunacak. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Suu Kyi\u2019nin yan\u0131nda olan U Ko Ko Gyi gibi d\u00f6nemin \u00f6\u011frenci liderinin kurdu\u011fu \u2018Halk\u0131n Partisi\u2019 de (People\u2019s Party<\/em>) bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Suu Kyi\u2019nin demokrasi hareketinin iktidar olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminde gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6z sahibi olan askerlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman zaman g\u00fcndeme getiriliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu yap\u0131n\u0131n, sivil uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan ve 2010-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neten USDP, se\u00e7imde yer alacak bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli parti g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

NLD\u2019den kovid-19\u2019a ra\u011fmen se\u00e7im <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkede \u00f6zellikle, A\u011fustos ay\u0131ndan itibaren etkili olan kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda iktidardaki NLD\u00a0 se\u00e7imleri iptali g\u00fcndeme getirmezken, artan vakalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131 sonunda 24 muhalif parti se\u00e7imlerin ertelenmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n

Ekim ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda, ya\u015fanan art\u0131\u015flar Myanmar\u2019\u0131 ASEAN b\u00f6lgesinde vaka say\u0131s\u0131nda ASEAN b\u00f6lgesinde ilk s\u0131raya ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin s\u00f6z konusu salg\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir anlamda elinin kolunun ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

Se\u00e7imlerin ertelenmesine y\u00f6nelik olarak yap\u0131lan taleplere NLD \u00e7evrelerinden yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda, olas\u0131 bir ertelemenin \u00fclkede zaten k\u0131r\u0131lgan bir yap\u0131da olan demokratik s\u00fcrecin akamete u\u011frat\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi bir endi\u015fenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bundan kas\u0131t, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, b\u00f6ylesi bir geli\u015fmeyi bir imk\u00e2na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme heveslisi ordu \u00e7evrelerinden gelecek bir hareket olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015fen Suu Kyi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 boyunca \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neten askeri cunta rejimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle 1980\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren demokrasi m\u00fccadelesi veren Suu Kyi, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana iktidarda olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n beklenen demokratikle\u015fme ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 atamad\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ayr\u0131ca, \u00f6nemli do\u011fal kaynaklara sahip olan \u00fclkede ekonomik kalk\u0131nma konusunda da arzu edilen iyile\u015fmeler olmamas\u0131, geni\u015f kitlelerin mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcmete y\u00f6nelik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

    Suu Kyi, 2010 se\u00e7imlerini protesto ederek se\u00e7imlere kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan Suu Kyi, Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik devlet \u015fiddetinin soyk\u0131r\u0131m boyutlar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00f6rneklerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran ay\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmelerden ba\u015flayarak, bu konu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sergiledi\u011fi tav\u0131r, onu G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri Birli\u011fi (Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/em>-ASEAN) i\u00e7erisinde ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclke liderleri ve sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 nezdinde ele\u015ftirilmesine neden oldu.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6te yandan, \u00fclke demokrasinin k\u0131r\u0131lgan bir nitelik arz etmesinde, \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan b\u00f6lgelerdeki \u00e7e\u015fitli etnik yap\u0131larla merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve anla\u015fmazl\u0131klarda bug\u00fcne kadar kapsay\u0131c\u0131 anla\u015fmalar yap\u0131lamamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck.<\/p>\n

    Siyasi ve ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fmada mevcut sorunlara ra\u011fmen, bug\u00fcn yap\u0131lacak se\u00e7imlerde NLD\u2019nin ba\u015far\u0131 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemese de, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemin zorlu ge\u00e7ece\u011fine ku\u015fku bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 08.11.2020 Myanmar genel se\u00e7imler i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn sand\u0131k […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3565,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-myanmar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3564"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3566,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3564\/revisions\/3566"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}