{"id":3513,"date":"2020-10-17T06:03:48","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T06:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3513"},"modified":"2020-10-17T06:03:48","modified_gmt":"2020-10-17T06:03:48","slug":"taylandda-gostericilerin-demokrasi-talepleri-demonstrations-for-democracy-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/taylandda-gostericilerin-demokrasi-talepleri-demonstrations-for-democracy-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Tayland\u2019da g\u00f6stericilerin demokrasi talepleri \/ Demonstrations for democracy in Thailand"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 17.10.2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tayland\u2019da ba\u015fkent Bangkok\u2019da yo\u011funla\u015fan g\u00f6steriler sonras\u0131nda darbeci h\u00fck\u00fcmet ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tayland\u2019da son birka\u00e7 ayda ya\u015fanan hareketlilik, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 May\u0131s ay\u0131ndaki darbenin ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen en \u00f6nemli toplumsal geli\u015fme olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7 kitlelerin, darbe yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve demokratikle\u015fme talepleriyle meydanlar\u0131 doldurmas\u0131, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 boyunca Hong Kong\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6sterileri akla getiriyor.<\/p>\n

Darbeci h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Prayut Chan-o-cha yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, g\u00f6stericilerin taleplerini reddetti\u011fini ve istifa etmeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klarken, ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cotuz g\u00fcnl\u00fck ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2l al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki\u201d s\u00f6ylemiyle verdi\u011fi g\u00f6z da\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan kararla y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu.<\/p>\n

Darbeci ba\u015fbakan Prayut\u2019un, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc halin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma karar\u0131 al\u0131nabilece\u011fini g\u00fcndeme getirmesi, asl\u0131nda \u00fclkede durumun ne denli kritik oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, parlamentoda muhalefeti olu\u015fturan ve Thaksin Shinawatra yanl\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinen<\/p>\n

Pheu Thai Partisi<\/em>\u2019nden yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Prayut darbe g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin g\u00f6stericilere y\u00f6nelik a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tepkisine son vermesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde h\u00fck\u00fcmete \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n

Genel talep demokratikle\u015fme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, \u00fclkede ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeleri tek bir siyasi hareket ba\u011flamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Ony\u0131llarca darbe y\u00f6netimlerine maruz kalan \u00fclkede, yeni nesiller yeni siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken, bulu\u015ftuklar\u0131 temel hedef \u00fclkede sivil ve demokratik y\u00f6netimin hakim olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar Thaksin ailesi son yirmi y\u0131lda \u00fclkedeki demokrasi hareketinin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak dikkat \u00e7ekse de, de\u011fi\u015fen b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel ko\u015fullar\u0131n da etkisiyle demokratikle\u015fme konusunda farkl\u0131 kesimlere mensup siyasilerin se\u00e7menleri y\u00f6nlendirebilme yetelili\u011finde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan ve 2019 se\u00e7imlerinde s\u00fcprriz bir \u015fekilde parlamentoda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti konumuna gelen Yeni Gelecek Partisi\u2019ni (Future Forward Party<\/em>) hat\u0131rlatmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz \u015eubat ay\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda anayasa mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan partiye kaynak aktar\u0131m\u0131nda usuls\u00fczl\u00fck iddias\u0131yla kapatma karar\u0131 verilse de, bu partiye oy veren alt\u0131 milyon se\u00e7menin taleplerinin bug\u00fcnlerde Bangkok\u2019daki g\u00f6stericiler ile \u00fclke genelinde bu geli\u015fmeye destek verenlerle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

Monar\u015fi hedefteki isimlerden <\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00f6sterilerin hedefinde darbeci y\u00f6netimle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan kral King Maha Vajiralongkorn da bulunuyor. 13 Ekim 2016 tarihinde vefat eden babas\u0131 Bhumibol Adulyadej\u2019in karizmas\u0131ndan son derece uzak ve popularitesi olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm \u00e7izen Kral Vajiralongkorn\u2019un kendi ba\u015f\u0131na hareket etmedi\u011fi de biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Budist Tay toplumunda yar\u0131-tanr\u0131 kabul edilen krallar\u0131n bu \u00f6zelliklerin Kral Vajiralongkorn\u2019da da bulundu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de, s\u00f6z konusu bu kurumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6nemde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, son be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminde kral Vajiralongkorn\u2019dan ba\u015fka siyasi anlamda s\u00f6z sahibi olan bir ba\u015fka \u00e7evre var ki, o da saray \u00e7evresi. Monar\u015fiye destek veren eski siyasiler ve ordu mensuplar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan, bir t\u00fcr dan\u0131\u015fma meclisi i\u015flevi g\u00f6ren yap\u0131 Bangkok eliti <\/em>olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Prayut: Darbe sonras\u0131 s\u00f6zde demokrat<\/strong><\/p>\n

2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Yingluck Shinawatra\u2019ya h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen askeri darbenin mimar\u0131 general Prayut Chan-o-cha, ordu mensuplar\u0131ndan te\u015fkil etti\u011fi Palang Pracharath<\/em> Partisi ile s\u00f6zde sivil siyasette yeni bir akt\u00f6r olarak yer al\u0131rken, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fclkeyi darbe h\u00fck\u00fcmeti marifetiyle y\u00f6netti.<\/p>\n

2014 darbesinin ard\u0131ndan Tay toplumuna, \u201cen k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede se\u00e7im yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131\u201d vaadinde bulunan Prayut h\u00fck\u00fcmeti s\u00f6z konusu se\u00e7imleri ancak 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte 2014-2019 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7en be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda ise anayasada yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ile sivil siyaset ve genel anlamda demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini engellemeye y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131la\u015fma bug\u00fcnk\u00fc siyasi taleplerin nedenlerini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6stericilerin temel iste\u011fi, \u00fclkede gayri me\u015fru yar\u0131-sivil y\u00f6netimin sona erdirilmesi ve yeni anayasa taleplerinden olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n

Bunda \u00f6zellikle, her darbe d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131nda yeni bir anayasan\u0131n kaleme al\u0131nmas\u0131yla mevcut rejimin me\u015fruiyetinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve mevcut demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine engel olunmas\u0131 yat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

21. y\u00fczy\u0131l ve de\u011fi\u015fim talepleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Darbeler \u00fclkesi olarak da bilinen Tayland, monar\u015fiyle y\u00f6netiliyor. S\u00f6zde demokrasinin monar\u015fi, ordu ili\u015fkisine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fclkede, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda, d\u00f6nemin ileti\u015fim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nde gelen i\u015fadam\u0131 Thaksin Shinawatra\u2019n\u0131n pragmatik ve populist s\u00f6ylemlerle \u00fclke siyasal sistemine yeni bir soluk vermesi kurulu yap\u0131da rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Thaksin Shinawatra\u2019n\u0131n bu pop\u00fclist s\u00f6ylemi kurdu\u011fu partiye Tayl\u0131lar Tayl\u0131lar\u0131 Sever (Thai Rak Thai<\/em>) \u00a0ad\u0131n\u0131 vermesinden de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken, \u00a02001 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki se\u00e7imlerde ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturdu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle \u00fclkenin kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulan ve merkezi hedef alan s\u00f6ylem ve politikalar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken Thaksin\u2019in 2006 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki se\u00e7imleri de kazanmas\u0131 \u00fclkenin derin devlet yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek monar\u015fi-ordu-elitlerde memnuniyetsizlik yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

19 Eyl\u00fcl 2006 tarihinde demokratik yollarla se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Thaksin h\u00fck\u00fcmetini hedef alan darbenin ard\u0131ndan, kendisine y\u00f6nelik su\u00e7lamalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi terk etti.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ard\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde bu sefer k\u0131zkarde\u015fi Yingluck Shinawatra, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturmas\u0131, \u00fclkenin eliyle Thaksin taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi\u011fine dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri g\u00fcndeme getirdi.<\/p>\n

Bunun sonucu olarak 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin generali Prayut Chan-o-cha taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kans\u0131z darbe ile sivil idareye son verilirken, ordu mensuplar\u0131 bir kez daha \u00fcniformalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p sivil demokraside yer almaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Temelde \u00fclkenin siyasal kaderinin devam etti\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlanabilecek bu geli\u015fmeye ra\u011fmen, Tayland\u2019da \u00f6zellikle yeni nesillerin demokrasi konusundaki talepleri \u00e7e\u015fitli yasa ve uygulamalarla bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fme, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/em>-ASEAN) ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi olan Tayland\u2019da toplumsal ve siyasal geli\u015fmelerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0131kayan \u00f6nemli bir duruma i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

Patani M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ve Arakanl\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tayland\u2019da ya\u015fanan bu geli\u015fmelerin \u00f6zellikle \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyinde Patani b\u00f6lgesinde ve kuzey\u2019deki kom\u015fusu Myanmar ve Banglade\u015f\u2019den ka\u00e7ak yollarla \u00fclkeye giren Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda da olumsuz etkisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Uzun y\u0131llar monar\u015fi-ordu-elitler \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6netimine konu olan \u00fclkede demokratikle\u015fme konusunda at\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli ad\u0131mlar\u0131n darbelerle geri \u00e7evrilmesi hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyindeki b\u00f6lge m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel olarak ana vatan\u0131 kabul edilen Patani b\u00f6lgesindeki Malay halk\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve\/ya \u00f6zerklik talepleri konusundaki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin de akamete u\u011framas\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, son d\u00f6nem geli\u015fmelerine g\u00f6z at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Shinawatra h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki darbe sonras\u0131nda akamete u\u011framas\u0131 bunun en iyi g\u00f6stergelerinden biri.<\/p>\n

Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Myanmar\u2019\u0131n Bengal K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne bakan Rakhine Eyaleti\u2019nde ya\u015fayan Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler sonras\u0131nda n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc b\u00f6lgeyi terk edip \u00f6zellikle Banglade\u015f\u2019e s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131rken bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de insan ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131 olarak deniz ve kara yoluyla g\u00fcneyde Malezya\u2019ya ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bir yandan deniz \u00f6te yandan kara yolundan ka\u00e7ak yollarla Malezya\u2019ya ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Arakanl\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Tay g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bask\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kal\u0131yorlar. Teknelerdeki s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n karaya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131na izin verilmezken, karadan gelenlerin de akibeti de bunlardan farkl\u0131 olmuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tayland-Malezya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lara ait oldu\u011fu tespit edilen toplu mezar, Tayland\u2019da darbe y\u00f6netimleri d\u00f6neminde g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin keyfi uygulamalar\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 insan haklar\u0131 \u00e7evrelerin taleplerinin dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 konusunda belirleyici oluyor.<\/p>\n

Tayland\u2019da ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler, \u00fclkede \u00f6zellikle 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Thaksin Shinawatra h\u00fck\u00fcmetine y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbenin izlerinin devam etti\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. Bununla birlikte, demokrasi talebinin giderek geni\u015f kitleler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirildi\u011fi de g\u00f6zleniyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 17.10.2020 Tayland\u2019da ba\u015fkent Bangkok\u2019da yo\u011funla\u015fan g\u00f6steriler sonras\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3514,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3513","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-tayland"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3513"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3513\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3515,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3513\/revisions\/3515"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}