{"id":3504,"date":"2020-10-10T18:36:19","date_gmt":"2020-10-10T18:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3504"},"modified":"2020-10-10T20:15:31","modified_gmt":"2020-10-10T20:15:31","slug":"endonezyada-is-yasasi-ve-tepkiler-new-labor-law-and-reactions-in-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/endonezyada-is-yasasi-ve-tepkiler-new-labor-law-and-reactions-in-indonesia\/","title":{"rendered":"Endonezya\u2019da \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131 ve Tepkiler \/ New Labor Law and Reactions in Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 10.10.2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Endonezya\u2019da yeni \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131, ba\u015fta ba\u015fkent Cakarta olmak \u00fczere \u00fclkenin di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u015fehirlerinde de protestolara neden oluyor.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en \u015eubat ay\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanarak ulusal parlamentoya sunulan yasan\u0131n, 5 Ekim Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc kab\u00fcl edilmesiyle birlikte, aralar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iler ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan g\u00f6steriler bir haftad\u0131r g\u00fcndemi belirleyen en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme oldu.<\/p>\n

1028 sayfadan olu\u015fan d\u00fczenleme toplam 73 yasa i\u00e7ermesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, yasalar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olarak an\u0131lmay\u0131 hak eden bu kapsaml\u0131 yasal d\u00fczenleme, \u00fclkede istihdam ve yat\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin yeniden d\u00fczenlemesiyle dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Sendikalar yasan\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler aleyhine oldu\u011funu savunarak ba\u015fkan Jokowi\u2019nin yasay\u0131 derhal reddetmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, tepkiler sadece sendikalardan gelmiyor. Yasan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 cezbetmek ve kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla \u00e7evre korumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da esnekle\u015ftirmesi, \u00e7evreci kurulu\u015flar\u0131 da yasay\u0131 ele\u015ftirmesine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkan Jokowi yasay\u0131 savunuyor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joko Widodo, ilgili yasay\u0131 savunurken, tepkilere neden olarak ise, yasan\u0131n kamuoyuna yanl\u0131\u015f yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Yasan\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirilmesinde, \u00fclkenin yat\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcredir ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu geli\u015fmenin arzu edilir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck rol\u00fc var.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle Joko Widodo, ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ikinci ve son d\u00f6neminde \u00fclke ekonomisini canland\u0131rma anlam\u0131nda b\u00f6ylesi bir yasaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyordu.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu yasan\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 \u00e7evrelerinin Endonezya b\u00fcrokrasisinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 zorluklar\u0131 a\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelik bir d\u00fczenleme oldu\u011fu ifadesi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131rken, bunun ger\u00e7eklik pay\u0131 oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok.<\/p>\n

Yolsuzluk ekonomisinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu ve benzeri \u00fclkelerde b\u00fcrokrasinin hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda egemen olan gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k bask\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00e7okca yolsuzluklara kap\u0131 aralayan yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, sadece uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fil, ulusal yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 da etkiledi\u011fi bilinmeyen bir husus de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir resmi i\u015flem de dahi \u00fclkenin asli unsurlar\u0131 olan Endonezyal\u0131lar\u0131n bile \u00e7ile \u00e7ekmesine neden olan b\u00fcrokrasi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin d\u00fczenlenmesinden daha do\u011fal bir \u015fey olamaz.<\/p>\n

Burada dikkat \u00e7ekilmesi ve \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 durulmas\u0131 gereken husus, s\u00f6z konusu yasal d\u00fczenleme ile uzun s\u00fcre\u00e7lere yay\u0131lan b\u00fcrokratik i\u015flemlerin minimalize edilmesi ile istihdama konu olan \u00e7evrelerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde end\u00fcstrile\u015fme anlam\u0131na gelen yat\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde do\u011fal \u00e7evrenin nas\u0131l korunaca\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f, istihdam ve uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m konular\u0131, \u00fclkede reform s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana, benzer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ya ba\u015fkanlar veya ilgili bakanlar, siyasiler ve i\u015f \u00e7evreleri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getiriliyordu.<\/p>\n

Ekonomide ASEAN \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6nde kayda de\u011fer ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131 ve i\u015f, istihdam ve yat\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin iyi y\u00f6netilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki taleplerin arkas\u0131nda, Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n mensubu oldu\u011fu G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri Birli\u011fi (Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/em>-ASEAN) i\u00e7erisinde hak etti\u011fi ekonomik kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 yakalayamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 yat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f ve ekonomi d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli sorunlarla y\u00fczle\u015fen Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n, G-20 \u00fcyesi olmas\u0131 kimseyi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmamal\u0131. Bu \u00fcyeli\u011fin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu i\u00e7 t\u00fcketim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde aramak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Malezya ve Singapur\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak Tayland ve Vietnam gibi \u00fclkeler gerek Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinde gerekse Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve Kuzey Amerika olan ticari ve yat\u0131r\u0131m ili\u015fkileri ile adlar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ettiren \u00fclkeler olurken, Endonezya bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te geri kalmas\u0131n\u0131n rasyonal temellerini ortaya koymak ve bunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturmak \u00f6nemli bir s\u00fcrece tekab\u00fcl ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn ad\u0131 g\u00f6sterilerle an\u0131lan \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131\u2019na duyulan ihtiya\u00e7 zengin yer alt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131, verimli tar\u0131m arazileri ve ormanlar\u0131 ile an\u0131lan \u00fclkenin ekonomik kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc arzu edilir d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememi\u015f olmas\u0131 yat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, ASEAN \u00fcyesi di\u011fer \u00fclkelerdeki ekonomik kalk\u0131nma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131 ve \u00e7evre koruma ba\u011flamlar\u0131n\u0131n ne denli kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise sorgulanmay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/p>\n

Tabii bu yer alt\u0131 ve yer \u00fcst\u00fc zenginli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, n\u00fcfusu 250 milyon civar\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7erisindeki gen\u00e7 ve \u00fcretken i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ucuz emek olarak \u00f6zellikle uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 \u00e7evrelerinin i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 kabartmas\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nemi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemeli.<\/p>\n

Cakarta\u2019da 2016 Sonbahar\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fanan g\u00f6sterilerden sonraki ilk toplumsal tepki, hafta ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00fcndemi belirleyen \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fmeydi. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki g\u00f6sterilerden ders \u00e7\u0131karan g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri, ba\u015fkent Cakarta \u015fehir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedbirlerle, \u00f6zellikle end\u00fcstri b\u00f6lgelerinden gelecek g\u00f6sterici ak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Otonom b\u00f6lgeler ve yat\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fmalara konu olan yeni yasan\u0131n istihdama ve d\u0131\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fck olmas\u0131 ile \u00fclkenin otonom b\u00f6lgelerinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki bu noktada yeniden ele al\u0131nmay\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle A\u00e7e Eyaleti gibi, Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge niteli\u011fi kazanm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00f6lgede denizcilik, enerji, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmeler gibi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik yap\u0131la\u015fmaya imk\u00e2n veren alanlar\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar ortaya konulamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 Endonezya genelinde ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n ne t\u00fcr engellerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011funa dair fikirler vermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar ve \u00e7evre sorunsal\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkent\u2019te \u00f6zellikle, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Saray\u0131 ve parlamento binas\u0131 \u00e7evresinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00f6sterilerin kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsememek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda, i\u00e7inde olduk\u00e7a provakatif arka pl\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n da oldu\u011fu geli\u015fmelerde y\u00fczbinlerce ki\u015fi meydanlar\u0131 doldururken, \u00fclkenin i\u015f, istihdam ve uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyecek bir yasal d\u00fczenlemede s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7evrelerin seslerini y\u00fckseltmemeleri, bir anlamda \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6rlerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sol kesimlere havale edildi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Oysa, \u00fclkenin geni\u015f tar\u0131m arazileri, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve ormanc\u0131l\u0131k gibi geleneksel i\u015f kollar\u0131na sahip kesimlerinin muhafazak\u00e2r kesimleri olu\u015fturmas\u0131 toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n bu unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik vars\u0131ll\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi konusunda ad\u0131na, \u00f6zellikle \u0130slamc\u0131 denilen \u00e7evrelerin do\u011frudan hitap ettikleri bu kitlelerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 konusunda aktif rol almalar\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130slami de\u011ferleri, toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm y\u00f6nlerinde haklar \u00fczerine in\u015fa etme olgusunun ortaya konulmas\u0131 hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Endonezya \u0130slam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok\u00e7a sergilenen \u201c\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k\u201d s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu \u00fcretim \u00e7evrelerinin b\u0131rak\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n dayatt\u0131klar\u0131 neo-liberal ko\u015fullar\u0131, \u00fclkenin kendi yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 \u00e7evrelerinin ve arac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n insaf\u0131na terk edilen fiyat politikalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcreticilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir mesele olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 10.10.2020 Endonezya\u2019da yeni \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131, ba\u015fta ba\u015fkent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3505,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endonezya","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3504","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3504"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3504\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3507,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3504\/revisions\/3507"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3504"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3504"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}