{"id":3487,"date":"2020-10-04T17:11:46","date_gmt":"2020-10-04T17:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3487"},"modified":"2020-10-04T17:11:46","modified_gmt":"2020-10-04T17:11:46","slug":"guneydogu-asya-sosyolojisini-dusunmek-thinking-about-sociology-of-southeast-asia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/guneydogu-asya-sosyolojisini-dusunmek-thinking-about-sociology-of-southeast-asia\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya sosyolojisini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek \/ Thinking about sociology of Southeast Asia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 04.10.2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya belirli bir co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeye at\u0131fla kullan\u0131lan ve kimilerine g\u00f6re h\u00e2l\u00e2 mu\u011flakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir kavram. \u00d6te yandan, \u2018sosyoloji\u2019 yani toplum bilim ise bir sosyal bilim dal\u0131 olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyi-k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir bilim alan\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya gibi geni\u015f Asya k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n belirli \u00fclkelerini i\u00e7ine alan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki toplumlar\u0131 ve toplumlar\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131, ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131, durumlar\u0131n\u0131, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle toplumsal ger\u00e7ekliklerinin neye tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fini ele almak gayet \u00f6nemli bir u\u011fra\u015f.<\/p>\n

Bir co\u011frafi tan\u0131mlama olarak G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki ad\u0131yla Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n 1945 y\u0131l\u0131 Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda resmen sona ermesinin ard\u0131ndan, ittifak g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin hareket ve mobilizasyonunun yap\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu durumda, bug\u00fcn bir ada devleti olan Singapur\u2019u merkez kabul eden ABD liderli\u011findeki \u0130ngiltere, Avustralya ve Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n geni\u015f Asya-Pasifik komutas\u0131n\u0131 daha da daraltarak G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Bu anlamda, ortada gayet pratik ve stratejik alanlarla belirlenmi\u015f temelde askeri hedeflere ula\u015fman\u0131n gere\u011fi olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir co\u011frafyadan s\u00f6z ettimiz s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Bu co\u011frafi alana dahil edilen b\u00f6l\u00fcm Ana k\u0131ta\u2019da \u00c7in\u2019in g\u00fcneyinde ve Banglade\u015f\u2019in do\u011fusunda Myanmar\u2019dan ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve g\u00fcneye do\u011fru inerek Tayland, Vietnam, Kambo\u00e7ya, Laos, Malezya ve Singapur\u2019u i\u00e7ine alan; Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019nun bat\u0131s\u0131nda ise, Japonya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Filipinler Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019ndan g\u00fcneye do\u011fru inerek Endonezya Tak\u0131madalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan biri kara di\u011feri adalardan olu\u015fan iki grup co\u011frafi birim s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

Bu geni\u015f co\u011frafi alan\u0131n birbirinden genel itibar\u0131yla farkl\u0131la\u015fan ve yukar\u0131da k\u0131smen dikkat \u00e7ekilen kara ve di\u011feri adalar toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 ba\u011flamlarla da ele almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin sahip olduklar\u0131 dini yap\u0131lar, ki diyelim ki, Budizm, Hinduizm, \u0130slam ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k; mensup olduklar\u0131 etnik yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131yla ki, bunda \u00f6zellikle linguistik unsurlar, folklorik \u00f6geler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r; ya da 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren b\u00f6lgenin tedrici olarak s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Bat\u0131 Avrupa s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden \u00a0hangisiyle ili\u015fkilendirildiklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak…<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, bir bilim dal\u0131 olarak sosyolojinin ortaya koymu\u015f oldu\u011fu teorileri, tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 bu co\u011frafyadaki toplumlar \u00fczerinde uygulamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckebilir.<\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, Bat\u0131 Avrupa toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n\/yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel olarak ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fimlerin, yine tarihin belirli bir noktas\u0131nda ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeyi anlamland\u0131rmak, tan\u0131mlamak ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fle mevcut yap\u0131y\u0131 ilentilendirmek, de\u011fi\u015fime konu olan s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin ni\u00e7in ve neden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saptamak gibi nitelikleriyle tan\u0131mlanan sosyolojinin, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesindeki farkl\u0131 toplumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131 anlama u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak burada dikkat \u00e7ekilmesi gereken husus, Bat\u0131 Avrupa toplumunda ya\u015fanan sosyal ger\u00e7ekliklerin, bunlar\u0131 anlama ve anlamland\u0131rmada ortaya konulan bilgi ve bu bilginin temellerinin nihayetinde belirleyicili\u011fi oldu\u011fu ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131na g\u00f6nderme yaparak genelle\u015ftirmecili\u011finin do\u011furdu\u011fu sorun g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemeyecek boyuttad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu durumda, yukar\u0131da sadece co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekilen G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 anlama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde, Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi teorilerin, anlama tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te temel ald\u0131klar\u0131 bilginin k\u00f6keninin, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle epistemolojilerinin genel ge\u00e7erliliklerinin sorgulan\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131n, bizatihi insan toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirinden farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ve\/ya bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n gere\u011fi oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, ad\u0131na sosyoloji denilen bilim alan\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki toplumlar\u0131, \u00f6zelde ise G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 neye g\u00f6re temellendirdi\u011fi konusu kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir sorun olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sosyolojinin, bir bilim dal\u0131 olarak ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n biraz daha kolayl\u0131kla anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011finden hareketle modernle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7leri \u00fczerinde duran bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sahas\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Amac\u0131na ve hedefine \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde modernle\u015fmeyi koymu\u015f ya da ya\u015fanan toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimleri modernle\u015fme temelinde anlayan ve alg\u0131layan bir bilim alan\u0131n\u0131n, Bat\u0131 Avrupa d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki toplumlarda benzer s\u00fcre\u00e7leri arama u\u011fray\u0131\u015f\u0131n beyhudeli\u011fi kendili\u011finden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tam da bu noktada, sosyolojisinin neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisine, k\u00f6k ve odak arama ve s\u00fcre\u00e7leri anlamland\u0131rma gibi yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, t\u00fcm bu unsurlar \u00fczerinde belirleyici oldu\u011fu imgelemi ile ortaya koydu\u011fu teorilerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan de\u011fil, genel ge\u00e7er teoriler olarak belirleyicili\u011finin i\u00e7selle\u015ftirilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00f6zelinde do\u011fan, b\u00f6ylesine bir bilimsel faaliyet alan\u0131n\u0131n kendini bu anlamda belirleyici k\u0131lmas\u0131, sorunun ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi d\u00f6nem itibar\u0131yla sosyoloji, de\u011fi\u015fimi anlama u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 verirken ortaya koydu\u011fu verileri yap\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 kadar, bu verilerin benzerlerini arama yolunda gayet \u2018gayretli\u2019 bir tutum tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekildi\u011fi \u00fczere, modernle\u015fmenin bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\/ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131 olmas\u0131, onu kendinde bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak toplumlara dayat\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zellikleriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na mani olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, ad\u0131na modernle\u015fme denilen s\u00fcreci bir eksen model olarak almak suretiyle \u00f6rne\u011fin, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya toplumlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde uygulama imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmas\u0131, sosyolojiyi zenginle\u015ftirmek yerine asl\u0131nda, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n sosyolojisini anlamak yerine, anlamama konusunda bir \u00e7abaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bunun kurucu ara\u00e7lar\u0131 gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k Bat\u0131l\u0131 sosyologlar olurken, uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi y\u00f6netimleri ve bu y\u00f6netimlerde yer alan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne karar merciinde olan kadrolar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Peki bu durumda, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l anlamam\u0131z gerekti\u011fi konusunda baz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6nde sergilenecek temel yakla\u015f\u0131mda Bat\u0131 Avrupa toplumlar\u0131ndaki sosyal ger\u00e7eklikleri, dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsel de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ya da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin kendini ortaya koydu\u011fu ve bir t\u00fcr geli\u015fimci evrimcilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan modernle\u015fmeci \u00e7abalar\u0131 dikkatle incelemek gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sosyolojinin \u00fcretti\u011fi teorik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 toplumlar\u0131 benze\u015ftirmede bir ara\u00e7 gibi g\u00f6rme kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kap\u0131lmak yerine, asl\u0131nda toplumlar\u0131 anlamada bir engel oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rda tutmakta yarar var.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 04.10.2020 G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya belirli bir co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3488,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3487"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3487\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3489,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3487\/revisions\/3489"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}