{"id":3483,"date":"2020-09-29T19:51:17","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T19:51:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3483"},"modified":"2020-10-04T17:24:03","modified_gmt":"2020-10-04T17:24:03","slug":"political-powers-and-discourse-of-ethnic-tension-in-malaysia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/political-powers-and-discourse-of-ethnic-tension-in-malaysia\/","title":{"rendered":"Malezya\u2019da siyasal iktidarlar ve etnik gerilim s\u00f6ylemi \/ Political powers and discourse of ethnic tension in Malaysia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 29.09.2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Malezya\u2019da Sabah Eyaleti\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen se\u00e7imden sonra siyasi atmosfer \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde yeniden ulusal se\u00e7ime do\u011fru bir y\u00f6nelim sergilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sabah Eyaleti\u2019ndeki se\u00e7imi kazanan \u2018Malay ittifak\u0131\u2019 bu ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerini tart\u0131\u015fmak ve muhtemel bir benzeri se\u00e7im ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ulusal se\u00e7im s\u00fcrecinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmesinin imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak yerine, \u2018etnik ayr\u0131\u015fma\u2019 kavram\u0131 \u00fczerine gereksiz polemiklerle siyasi arenay\u0131 mu\u011flakla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Ve bunu bug\u00fcn ortaya koyan ise ba\u015fbakan Muhyiddin Yasin…<\/p>\n

Muhyiddin Yasin\u2019in 1 Mart 2020\u2019den bu yana ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funda oturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Maleya siyasetinde b\u00f6ylesine k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir yer etmi\u015f olan, \u2018etnik ayr\u0131\u015fma\u2019 kavram\u0131na sar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u00fcrpriz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor. Ancak bu kavram\u0131n siyasal k\u00f6kenlerine k\u0131saca de\u011finmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n

UMNO zihniyeti ve Malay etnik yap\u0131<\/strong>s\u0131<\/p>\n

Birle\u015fik Malay Ulusal Organizasyonu (United Malay National Organization-<\/em>UMNO) zihniyetinin, bu tip siyasal ve toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler arefesinde ve s\u00fcrecinde, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle siyasi ve toplumsal sorunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kararl\u0131 ve tutarl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm y\u00f6ntem ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmek yerine, etnik ay\u0131\u015fma kavram\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada.<\/p>\n

UMNO\u2019nun, neredeyse siyasi arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n belirgin bir tipolojisi haline gelmi\u015f olan, periyodik ve stratejik olarak ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu y\u00f6ntemlerden biri olan etnik \u2018gerilim s\u00f6ylemi\u2019, gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k toplumsal gerilimi art\u0131rmaya, bir t\u00fcr korku iklimi olu\u015fturmaya ve bundan belirli bir toplumsal \u00e7evrenin kazan\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir ba\u011flam\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, bu y\u00f6ndeki yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00fclkede etnik gerilimin h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6nemli bir problem oldu\u011fu imgelemine dayan\u0131yor. Ger\u00e7ekte \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu s\u00f6ylemin Malezya toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131nda da bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve bu t\u00fcr bir s\u00f6ylemin hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Ancak etnik Malay siyaseti yapan \u00e7evrelerin ve \u00f6zellikle de, bu \u00e7evrenin konu\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve siyasal merkezini olu\u015fturan UMNO ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 irili\/ufakl\u0131 di\u011fer siyasal\/toplumsal olu\u015fumlar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma unsuru a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik dile getirmek, var ise bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n nedenlerini tart\u0131\u015fmak ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 aramak gibi bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olmamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, bu olgu etraf\u0131nda ortaya konan s\u00f6ylemin i\u015fe yararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bu y\u00f6nde siyaset yapman\u0131n bir t\u00fcr \u2018olumsuz gelenek\u2019 olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/p>\n

PN, siyasi miras\u00e7\u0131 konumunda m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6ndeki vurgu ve s\u00f6ylem, bug\u00fcnlerde Sabah se\u00e7imlerinde az\u0131nl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurmay\u0131 ba\u015faran, mevcut ulusal h\u00fck\u00fcmeti olu\u015fturan Ulusal \u0130ttifak\u2019\u0131n (Perikatan Nasional<\/em>-PN) do\u011fal lideri konumundaki ba\u015fbakan Muhyiddin Yasin taraf\u0131ndan dillendiriliyor. Hem de, 2030 vizyonu denilen bir politik \u00e7er\u00e7evenin hakim oldu\u011fu bir ortamda yap\u0131yor bunu Muhyiddin Yasin.<\/p>\n

2030 vizyonu g\u00f6rece yeni bir olgu. Daha \u00f6nce 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin Umut Koalisyonu (Pakatan Harapan<\/em>-PH) h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Dr. Mahathir Muhammed taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirilen 2030 vizyoun, asl\u0131nda Necib Rezzak d\u00f6neminde, 2020\u2019de tam kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyine eri\u015fme idealinin g\u00fcncellenmesine dayan\u0131yor. Ama\u00e7, \u00fclkede her kesimin daha do\u011frusu her etnik yap\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik kalk\u0131nmadan pay\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f bir Malezya ideali.<\/p>\n

Muhyiddin Yasin\u2019in gerek 2016 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yani, Yerli Birlik Partisi\u2019nin (Parti\u00a0Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia<\/em>-Bersatu) kurulu\u015funa kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn bir siyasi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc UMNO\u2019da ve gerekse 24 \u015eubat 2020 sivil darbesinin ard\u0131ndan federal sultan taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fbakan olarak atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden bu yana, fikirleri ve icraatlar\u0131yla UMNO\u2019nun bu tipik politikas\u0131na uyarl\u0131 y\u00f6nde bir seyir takip etti\u011fine \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

UMNO iktidar\u0131 ve a\u00e7mazlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oysa UMNO, \u00fclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu yana 61 y\u0131l boyunca \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neten t\u00fcm siyasi mekanizmalara hakim, toplumu y\u00f6nlendirme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip sivil ve yar\u0131 sivil olu\u015fumlar\u0131 kontrol edebilecek ve y\u00f6nlendiriebilecek yeterlilikte olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc var oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc etnik problem kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm kavu\u015fturamam\u0131\u015f, bu y\u00f6nde ciddi ad\u0131mlar atmam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyorlar. Bunun hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki bir nedeni, bu s\u00f6ylemin hitap etti\u011fi Malay etnik yap\u0131s\u0131nda buldu\u011fu olumlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Muhyiddin Yasin\u2019in, Sabah Eyaleti se\u00e7imlerinin hemen ard\u0131ndan \u2018etnik gerginlik\u2019 s\u00f6ylemine ba\u015fvurmas\u0131, Malay ittifak\u0131nca kazan\u0131lan se\u00e7im ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda, par\u00e7al\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131yla etnik Malay siyasi partilerinin birle\u015fmelerinin g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00f6nderme var.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka g\u00f6nderme ise, se\u00e7mene y\u00f6nelik bir ba\u011flamla ili\u015fkili. Bununla kastedilen, Malay siyasal ittifak\u0131na oy veren Malay M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa, verdikleri oylar\u0131n neye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermek onlar\u0131 bir kez daha bir hususa inand\u0131rmakla al\u00e2kal\u0131. Peki 2030 vizyonu bunun neresinde? Asl\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir vizyonun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Muhyiddin Yasin\u2019in inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu s\u00f6ylemle, ayn\u0131 zamanda yak\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak genel se\u00e7imler i\u00e7in ulusal se\u00e7men kitlesi i\u00e7inde Malay M\u00fcsl\u00fcman se\u00e7mene bu \u00f6rneklik \u00fczerinden kime oy vermeleri gerekti\u011fini bir kez daha hat\u0131rlatmak.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u2018etnik gerginlik\u2019 <\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu \u2018etnik gerginlik\u2019in ard\u0131nda, Malay M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00fclkenin kurulu\u015fundan itibaren var olan ve bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc sona ermek bilmeyen ekonomik geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerinden siyaset yapmaya tekab\u00fcl ediyor.<\/p>\n

Muhyiddin Yasin de t\u0131pk\u0131 daha \u00f6nceki liderler gibi, benzer bir s\u00f6ylemle yani 1970\u2019lerden itibaren uygulamaya konulan Yeni Ekonomik Politika\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc Malay M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, \u00fclkenin ekonomik modernle\u015fmesinden yeterince pay alamamalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftiri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkenin asli sahipleri olma (Bumiputra<\/em>) gibi kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir niteleme ile an\u0131lan Malay M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, \u00fclke siyasetinde, formel kurumlar\u0131ndaki egemenliklerine, \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda uygulanan pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131klara ra\u011fmen, ekonomik modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini tekrar be tekrar di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda olumsuz bir yerde bulunmakla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yalar.<\/p>\n

Bu ger\u00e7eklik, Malay siyaset\u00e7iler elinde kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir ayg\u0131ta d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle, az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131n ekonomik modernle\u015fmedeki paylar\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00fcretilen bir siyasal gergingik fenonemi olarak \u00fclke g\u00fcndeminde yer buluyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak 1971\u2019de uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan ve 1990\u2019da bitmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Yeni Ekonomik Politika, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa temel te\u015fkil eden politikalar bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc bitmek bir yana, uzat\u0131larak bug\u00fcnlere gelinmesi ekonomik modernle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde Malay M\u00fcsl\u00fcman etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, \u015fayet ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lacaksa bunun kemikle\u015fmi\u015f bir nitelik arz etti\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenledir ki, Dr. Mahathir Muhammed, Yeni Ekonomi Politika\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olarak, yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcresince Malay etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik olarak ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durdurmay\u0131 ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek 2002 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan UMNO genel kurul toplant\u0131s\u0131nda istifa etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

1957-1969 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k yapan Tunku Abdul Rahman\u2019\u0131n Malay etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun neticesi olarak 13 May\u0131s 1969\u2019da ba\u015fta ba\u015fkent Kuala Lumpur olmak \u00fczere \u00fclkenin de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerinde anar\u015fi ortam\u0131na neden olan ve resmi kay\u0131tlara g\u00f6re y\u00fczlerce ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmadan bu yana iktidar, son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre hari\u00e7, yine UMNO ve ilgili ittifak yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n elinde oldu.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu siyasal yap\u0131n\u0131n ne t\u00fcr politikalar ortaya koyup koymad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fclkenin tarihsel ve geleneksel olarak zaten do\u011fas\u0131nda var olan etnik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve ayr\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bir potada eritebilecek bir siyasal s\u00f6ylem ve pratik geli\u015ftirip geli\u015ftiremedikleri \u00fczerinde ciddiyetle durulmay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 29.09.2020 Malezya\u2019da Sabah Eyaleti\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen se\u00e7imden sonra […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3484,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-malezya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3483"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3490,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3483\/revisions\/3490"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}