{"id":3451,"date":"2020-09-11T19:18:27","date_gmt":"2020-09-11T19:18:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3451"},"modified":"2020-09-11T19:18:27","modified_gmt":"2020-09-11T19:18:27","slug":"bati-kapitalizmine-yeni-kuresellik-911-ve-yuzyilin-donusumu-new-globalization-to-western-capitalism-911-and-transformation-of-the-century","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/bati-kapitalizmine-yeni-kuresellik-911-ve-yuzyilin-donusumu-new-globalization-to-western-capitalism-911-and-transformation-of-the-century\/","title":{"rendered":"Bat\u0131 kapitalizmine yeni k\u00fcresellik: 9\/11 ve y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc \/ New globalization to Western capitalism: 9\/11 and transformation of the century"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 11.09.2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 tarihi, bir ulus devlet olan ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu gibi k\u00fcresel etkileriyle dikkat \u00e7eken bir geli\u015fmeydi.<\/p>\n

Daha y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bombalamalar, ak\u0131llara 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda, 1941 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda Japonlar\u0131n, ABD\u2019nin Pasifik deniz g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu Hawaii\u2019deki Pearl Harbour<\/em> deniz \u00fcss\u00fcne sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 getiriyordu.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nem, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik \u00fczerinden d\u00fcnya hakimiyetini kurgulamakla kalmayan, bunu i\u00e7inde sava\u015f\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu rekabet\u00e7i bir d\u00fczleme ta\u015f\u0131yan Bat\u0131 kapitalizminin elden ka\u00e7\u0131p gitmesiyle e\u015f de\u011fer bir durumdu.<\/p>\n

Modernle\u015fmeyle at ba\u015f\u0131 giden kapitalizmin, Max Weber\u2019in ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere rasyonel bir nitelik kazanmas\u0131yla kalmayan, aksine gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k i\u00e7inde var olan rekabet\u00e7ilik boyutunun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yap\u0131la\u015fma olarak zuhur ediyordu.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda, Bat\u0131 Avrupa \u00f6zelinde bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ulus-devletle\u015fmeye giden s\u00fcre\u00e7te, ilgili \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda bitmek bilmeyen sava\u015flar\u0131n sebebi olan kapitalizmin, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda geldi\u011fi noktan\u0131n bir ifadesiydi Pearl Harbour<\/em> sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 kapizalizmini taklide yeltenen ve bu nedenle i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asya toplumlar\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc yap\u0131la\u015fmalardan bir anlamda fer\u00e2gat eden Japonlar, elde ettikleri end\u00fcstrile\u015fme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, yine Bat\u0131l\u0131 ideolojilerden beslenerek Asyac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcceltme y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ad\u0131mlarla, Asya-Pasifik\u2019ten Bat\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecileri \u00e7\u0131karma davas\u0131na b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lge toplumlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gayesi ve hedefleri noktas\u0131nda \u201columlu\u201d addedilen ve bunun pratikte yans\u0131malar\u0131 da olan bu geli\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131n, Japonlar\u0131n, -Weber\u2019in hakl\u0131 olarak ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fekilde Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan kapitalizmi, Asya \u00fczerinden ye\u015fertme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fat bir unsur haline gelmekte oldu\u011funa dair de ciddi referanslar bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 11 Eyl\u00fcl u\u00e7ak sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yani, 1991\u2019de ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin Irak\u2019a sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra televezyon ekranlar\u0131na yans\u0131yan canl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini hat\u0131rlat\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

ABD toplumu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, ad\u0131na Ortado\u011fu denilen ve ABD halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda orant\u0131sal olarak belki de \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015finin ilgi alan\u0131na girmedi\u011fi gibi, co\u011frafi bilgi d\u00fczeyinde dahi haberdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli bir b\u00f6lgede g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde parlayan cisimler, olsa olsa sinema sahnesinde izledikleri Star Wars<\/em>\u2019a denk gelebilirdi.<\/p>\n

Tam da bu noktada, ger\u00e7ek mi sanal m\u0131 oldu\u011fu konusunda ak\u0131llar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak bir boyutu i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131yan u\u00e7akl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar, ak\u0131llara bir ter\u00f6r olgusu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde anlamlar y\u00fckl\u00fcyordu. Ad\u0131na modernle\u015fme<\/em> denilen \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n, ne denli de\u011fi\u015fmekte oldu\u011fu ve ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kendini hedef haline getirebilece\u011finin bir ifadesiydi asl\u0131nda bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, kovid-19 nedeniyle bir s\u00fcredir yine olumsuz y\u00f6nleriyle ele al\u0131nan k\u00fcreselle\u015fme, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, yani 2001\u2019de, insanl\u0131\u011fa \u00f6detece\u011fi bedeli ABD topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, d\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kendini en \u00e7ok g\u00fcvende hisseden, belirli s\u0131n\u0131flar \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde gelecek kayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n nedereyse hi\u00e7 ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde cennetin icad\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6netimini ve bunun t\u00fcm \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketim ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 ellerinde tutan bir toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fcp kendine bakabilece\u011fi bir ana tekab\u00fcl ediyordu sald\u0131r\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bu u\u00e7akl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ard\u0131nda, temel neden olarak Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun bitmeyen sorunu Filistin meselesi yer almakla ya da geni\u015f kesimlere b\u00f6ylesi bir neden g\u00f6stermekle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu geli\u015fme, velev ki b\u00f6yle olsa bile, hedeflerinin \u00f6tesinde bir anlam de\u011fi\u015fimine yol a\u00e7maya elveri\u015flili\u011fi ile dikkat \u00e7ekiyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, u\u00e7akl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar, temelde \u2018\u00f6tekileri\u2019 ilgilendiren bir meselenin d\u00f6n\u00fcp dola\u015f\u0131p ABD\u2019nin kendi b\u00fcnyesinde, kendini var etmesiydi. Bu anlamda, bir ithal malzemeymi\u015f gibi k\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin beklenmedik y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fanan vak\u0131an\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, \u201cbize ni\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015fmanlar?\u201d sorusunda arayan ABD siyasi eliti, medyas\u0131 ve akedemyas\u0131 b\u00f6ylesine yanl\u0131\u015f bir soruyu sormakla, asl\u0131nda ele ge\u00e7en f\u0131rsat\u0131 bir anlamda yok say\u0131yor ve geri tepiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131na Ortado\u011fu toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi denilen durum, kendi i\u00e7indeki kayda de\u011fer sorunlar bir yana, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik ile ba\u015flayan ve d\u00f6nemsel g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak, kendini 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 olarak ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ortaya koyan d\u00fcnya sisteminin \u00fcretti\u011fi bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olmakla dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmalara konu olmuyordu.<\/p>\n

Ya da \u201cbize ni\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015fmanlar?\u201d sorusunu \u00f6rne\u011fin, biri ABD di\u011feri Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin akt\u00f6r\u00fc oldu\u011fu 1970\u2019lerde Vietnam\u2019da, Afganistan\u2019da, ya da Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6zden \u0131rak tutulan k\u00f6\u015felerinde ya\u015fayan toplumlar\u0131n sordu\u011funu g\u00fcndeme getirmemek ya da en az\u0131ndan onlar ad\u0131na sormamak \u00a0ak\u0131llara gelmiyordu.<\/p>\n

Aksine, olan biten ABD siyasi eliti ve akademyas\u0131 marifetiyle, kendine yeni bir kar\u015f\u0131-k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeci alan a\u00e7ma \u00e7abas\u0131 sergiliyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, hedef k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirici bir kuvve olarak kapitalizmin do\u011fal addedilen ancak, apa\u00e7\u0131k k\u00f6r\u00fcklenen taleplerinin yerine getirilebilmesinin imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, \u0130ktisat biliminin erken d\u00f6nem s\u00f6yleminde yer alan ve i\u00e7inde gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u2018s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kaynaklar-s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z talepler\u2019 asimetrisinde kazanan taraf olman\u0131n yeni yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyabilmekti.<\/p>\n

\u00c7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yeni ve kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 olu\u015fturulurken, temelde kapitalizmin \u00fcretti\u011fi ortamla al\u0131\u015f-veri\u015fi olmayan, kendi halinde yap\u0131lar\u0131n bir has\u0131m durumuna getirilmesi s\u00fcrecine tan\u0131k olundu. Bu yeni k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirilen alan, Bat\u0131 kapitalizmi ve onun soft <\/em>ve hard<\/em> t\u00fcm ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kendine topyek\u00fcn bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu alan\u0131n girmedi\u011fi yer kalmamal\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, sadece Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u00fcn salm\u0131\u015f yerle\u015fik \u0130slami y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmayan, aksine ilkokul\/ortaokul d\u00fczeyindeki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kelantan\u2019daki ya da Do\u011fu Cava\u2019daki kendi halinde geleneksel \u0130slami okullara kadar n\u00fcfuz edebilecek bir k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfuz s\u00f6z konusu olmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada, sadece ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en ya da benzeri e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 de\u011fil, topyek\u00fcn geni\u015f \u0130slam toplumunun kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu ya da i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekildi\u011fi\/\u00e7ekilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir k\u00fcreselle\u015fme s\u00f6z konusu.<\/p>\n

Bunun, hard<\/em>\u2019dan ziyade soft<\/em> mekanizlar \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ise, a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik bir g\u00f6z boyamac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa tekab\u00fcl ederken, \u2018biz size d\u00fc\u015fman de\u011filiz\u2019 s\u00f6ylemini gayet i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmi\u015f bir yap\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturuldu ve bundan bir memnuniyet halinin tezah\u00fcr etti\u011fine tan\u0131k olunuyor.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hadisenin, bir ara\u00e7 niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekiyor. Bizatihi tarihi yapan bu tekil ara\u00e7lar de\u011fil, bunun ard\u0131nda y\u00fckl\u00fc olan ya da bunlara daha sonra y\u00fcklenebilen yeni anlamlard\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz k\u00fcreselle\u015fmesini bu y\u00f6nden ele almakta yarar var.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 11.09.2020 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 tarihi, bir ulus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3451"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3453,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3451\/revisions\/3453"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}