{"id":3425,"date":"2020-08-17T16:14:11","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T16:14:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3425"},"modified":"2020-08-17T16:14:11","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T16:14:11","slug":"acede-helsinki-baris-anlasmasinin-15-yildonumu-ve-baris-kodlari-the-15th-anniversary-of-the-mou-helsinki-and-peace-codes-in-aceh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/acede-helsinki-baris-anlasmasinin-15-yildonumu-ve-baris-kodlari-the-15th-anniversary-of-the-mou-helsinki-and-peace-codes-in-aceh\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00e7e\u2019de Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 15. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc ve Bar\u0131\u015f Kodlar\u0131 \/ The 15th Anniversary of the MoU Helsinki and Peace Codes in Aceh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 17.08.2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00e7e\u2019de sava\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131 sona erdiren Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Memorandum of Understanding-<\/em>MoU Helsinki<\/em>) 15. y\u0131l\u0131 kutland\u0131.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e\u2019de ve Endonezya\u2019da \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikleri g\u00fcndeme getiren s\u00f6z konusu bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131, 15 A\u011fustos 2005 tarihinde Finlandiya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Helsinki\u2019de, Finlandiya eski devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Martti Arthisaari\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki bar\u0131\u015f komisyonunun \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde A\u00e7e \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketi (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka<\/em>-GAM) ve Endonezya merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131, otuz y\u0131la varan sava\u015f d\u00f6neminin sona ermesi anlam\u0131na gelirken ve A\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimi getirirken, Endonezya\u2019da Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminin demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde \u00f6nemli bir yeri ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zerkli\u011fin akla getirdi\u011fi temel yap\u0131sal unsurlardan birka\u00e7\u0131 aras\u0131nda A\u00e7e\u2019de yerel siyasi partilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, A\u00e7e halk\u0131n\u0131n kendi valilerini se\u00e7ebilmeleri, A\u00e7e eyalet parlamentosunun yasama organ\u0131 olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rmesi gibi \u00f6nemli siyasal haklar kadar, bayrak ve milli mar\u015f gibi siyasi \u00f6zerkli\u011fin sembolik ifadelerine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yor(du).<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e\u2019de bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcreci, bir yandan \u00fclkenin otuz \u00fc\u00e7 eyaletinden biri olan ancak tarihi, co\u011frafi ve dini-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyutlar\u0131yla farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz eden A\u00e7e\u2019de de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkenin merkez siyasetine ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lge toplumlar\u0131na do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 etkisiyle ele al\u0131nan hususiyetler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede A\u00e7e bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ulus devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na yap\u0131c\u0131 bir etkisi oldu\u011fu gibi, bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131yla A\u00e7e\u2019ye ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde verilen haklar\u0131n prati\u011fe ge\u00e7irilmemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ad\u0131m atmaya devam eden \u00e7evrelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da dikkat \u00e7ekmekte fayda var.<\/p>\n

Bar\u0131\u015f\u2019\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 boyutu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile dikkat \u00e7ekerken, bir anlamda bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi noktas\u0131nda \u00f6nem arz ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6ndeki en \u00f6nemli giri\u015fim, bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra ortaya konulan uluslararas\u0131 nitelikteki, Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve Savunma Politikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan Bar\u0131\u015f \u0130zleme Komitesi\u2019nin (Aceh Monitoring Mission<\/em>-AAM) 15 ay s\u00fcren g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi oldu.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fman\u0131n imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 A\u011fustos 2005\u2019ten k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, yani 15 Eyl\u00fcl 2005\u2019te g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayan izleme komitesi, 15 Aral\u0131k 2016 tarihinde g\u00f6revini sona erdirdi. AB taraf\u0131ndan fonlanan bu yap\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda AB\u2019nin Asya\u2019daki ilk operasyonu olmas\u0131yla da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Avrupa Birli\u011fi, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 gibi k\u00fcresel yap\u0131lar\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 ofislerle bir yandan bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fine \u00f6te yandan tsunami fel\u00e2keti sonras\u0131ndaki yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinde yer almalar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekiyordu.<\/p>\n

Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, benzer co\u011frafyalardaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerindeki bar\u0131\u015f umutlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir ilham kaynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor. \u00d6yle ki, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mindanao Bar\u0131\u015f S\u00fcreci kadar, her ne kadar bug\u00fcne kadar olumlu bir sonuca ula\u015famam\u0131\u015f olsa da Patani bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine katk\u0131s\u0131 yads\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fma\u2019da teorik pratik ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen \u00f6zelliklerine ra\u011fmen, s\u00f6z konusu bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131nda hakk\u0131yla uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek ise zor.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e geleneksel y\u00f6netim yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kayda de\u011fer bir yeri olan Wali Nanggroe kurumunun ba\u015f\u0131ndaki isim Malik Mahmud al-Khaytar, on be\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce var\u0131lan bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131nda tam anlam\u0131yla yerine getirilmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

Bunun temel nedeni ise ba\u015fta eyalet ekonomisinin, bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi pek \u00e7ok avantaja ra\u011fmen ulusal d\u00fczeyde en gerilerde yer almaya devam etmesi geliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada ulusal yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kadar, belki de bundan daha da \u00f6nemlisi, A\u00e7e\u2019nin tarihsel olarak sahip oldu\u011fu jeo-stratejik \u00f6neminden ve zengin yer alt\u0131 ve yer \u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlara verdi\u011fi \u00f6nem ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e ekonomide uluslararas\u0131la\u015fabilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, merkezi yani, Jakarta y\u00f6netimin ve bu y\u00f6netimin A\u00e7e\u2019deki uzant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7e\u2019nin uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik gizli\/a\u00e7\u0131k engellemeleri, bug\u00fcne kadar A\u00e7e\u2019de arzu edilir yat\u0131r\u0131m olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesine mani olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Oysa bu husus, ilgili anla\u015fma metninde belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkiler, savunma ve ulusal g\u00fcvenlik, para politikalar\u0131 gibi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir ka\u00e7 alan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda A\u00e7e\u2019nin \u00f6zellikle uluslararas\u0131 ticaret ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlara a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu noktada, ilgili bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 1.3. ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yer alan maddeler gayet \u00f6nemle ele al\u0131nmay\u0131 hak etmektedir.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e\u2019nin uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 noktada, tarihsel veriler gayet a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak h\u00fckm\u00fcnde oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok. A\u00e7e\u2019de bar\u0131\u015fa taraf olan siyasi kanad\u0131n anla\u015fma maddesinde bu hususa \u00f6nem vermelerinin temel sebebinin de bu olmas\u0131 gayet rasyonel bir duruma i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, Wali Nanggroe Malik Mahmud\u2019un y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lan t\u00f6rende yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, \u201cadalet ve samimiyet\u201d kavramlar\u0131na at\u0131f yapmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemle durulmas\u0131 gereken bir husus.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fma maddelerinde eyaletin ekonomik yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na dair referanslar\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131, A\u00e7e\u2019yi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz modern Endonezya devleti teritoryal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00fclkenin Bat\u0131 ucunda \u2018\u00e7eperde\u2019 bir eyalet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na \u00e7ekme giri\u015fimi ve bu b\u00f6lgeyi merkeze ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131kla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, ulus devletin gerek uluslararas\u0131 ba\u011flamda gerekse ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde de bir engel te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli bakanl\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131 ve Eyalet\u2019te m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckler b\u00fcrokrasileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda temsil edilen resmi yap\u0131lar\u0131n, ilgili politikalar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda karar merciinde yer alan valilik ve parlamento ile ili\u015fkilerinin sorunlu oldu\u011fu bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinin daha ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fmeyen bir konudur.<\/p>\n

Genel itibar\u0131yla sosyal\/k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n arac\u0131 olan bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n birbirleriyle sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmaktan uzak ili\u015fkileri, merkezden aktar\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklar\u0131n \u201ci\u00e7erde\u201d eritilmesine ve yolsuzluk ekonomisinin olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken, geni\u015f toplum kesimlerine ya \u00e7ok az ya da neredeyse hi\u00e7 mesabesinde ula\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nca eski sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lara vaad edilen \u00e7e\u015fitli haklar, insan haklar\u0131 ihl\u00e2llerine y\u00f6nelik dava s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin de akamete u\u011framas\u0131, genel memnuniyetsizli\u011fin bu kesimlerde s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne i\u015faret etmektedir. Sava\u015fla ge\u00e7en y\u0131llarda e\u011fitim ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden yoksun olan bu \u00e7evrelerin, yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen ve gizli-a\u00e7\u0131k oligar\u015fik bir yap\u0131 arz eden d\u00fczene entegre edilmesine \u015fa\u015fmamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Yasama s\u00fcrecinde disiplinsizlik<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu Helsinki Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ekonomik, dini-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-e\u011fitim, insan haklar\u0131 vb. konulardaki maddelerinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi i\u00e7in A\u00e7e Eyalet Parlamentosu\u2019nda yap\u0131lacak yasal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle irtibatl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu ve benzeri hususlar, anla\u015fma metninin daha giri\u015f c\u00fcmlelerinde yer alan, \u201ckapsaml\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u201d olgusunun aradan ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda ne denli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buldu\u011fu ise sorgulanmay\u0131 hak ediyor.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131nda geni\u015f toplum kesimlerinin arzu edilen sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik kalk\u0131nmadan pay alamamalar\u0131 yine anla\u015fma metninde zikredilen \u201ckar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcven\u201d olgusunun ancak y\u0131pranmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu olumsuzluklar\u0131n aksine, anla\u015fma maddelerinin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesinin ve \u00f6zellikle ekonomi alan\u0131ndaki giri\u015fimlere imk\u00e2n tan\u0131narak pratikte rasyonel ve yolsuzluktan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131lanma olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmas\u0131n\u0131n neden olaca\u011f\u0131 olumlu geli\u015fmelerden, A\u00e7e\u2019nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ulus devlet Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n da kazan\u0131m edece\u011fine ku\u015fku bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, Wali Nanggroe Malik Mahmud, y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcme vesilesiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, bir s\u00fcredir ya\u015fanan kriz ortam\u0131na da dikkat \u00e7ekerek, A\u00e7e\u2019de ba\u015flat\u0131lacak ekonomik kalk\u0131nma hamlesinin t\u0131pk\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fte oldu\u011fu gibi A\u00e7e\u2019nin ulus-devlet Endonezya i\u00e7in de olumlu bir hamle anlam\u0131na gelece\u011fine vurgusunu dikkate almak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Malaka Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n giri\u015finde ve Hint Okyanusu\u2019na a\u00e7\u0131lan bir noktada bulundu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatmakta fayda var. Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n, Hindistan\u2019la ve Ortado\u011fu ile deniz ticaret ili\u015fkilerinde stratejik bir nitelik arz etmesi giderek d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndeminde yer alan b\u00f6lgede Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n da etkinli\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 15. y\u0131l\u0131nda A\u00e7elilerin, uzak ve yak\u0131n tarihi d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6lge ticaret ve ekonomisinde oynad\u0131klar\u0131 rol\u00fc bug\u00fcnde oynayabileceklerini ve bunun alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Helsinki Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha dikkatlere sunmak gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 17.08.2020 A\u00e7e\u2019de sava\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131 sona erdiren Helsinki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3426,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3425","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3425"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3425\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3427,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3425\/revisions\/3427"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3426"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}