{"id":3080,"date":"2019-12-16T10:17:56","date_gmt":"2019-12-16T10:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3080"},"modified":"2019-12-16T10:17:56","modified_gmt":"2019-12-16T10:17:56","slug":"acede-bagimsizlik-ruhu-ve-somurge-sonrasi-gerceklik-the-spirit-of-independence-in-aceh-and-post-colonial-reality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/acede-bagimsizlik-ruhu-ve-somurge-sonrasi-gerceklik-the-spirit-of-independence-in-aceh-and-post-colonial-reality\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00e7e\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ruhu ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sonras\u0131 ger\u00e7eklik \/ The spirit of independence in Aceh and post-colonial reality"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a015.12.2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00e7e modern tarihi, Endonezya ulus-devleti i\u00e7erisinde yer almas\u0131yla onu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen, sadece Endonezya Cumhuriyeti ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011fil, ba\u015fta G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019daki ulus-devletler \u00f6zelinde olmak \u00fczere, genel itibar\u0131yla bu siyasi me\u015fru s\u0131n\u0131rlara sahip bununla birlikte, farkl\u0131 dini ve etnik gruplar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran ulus-devlet yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftiriler zaman zaman g\u00fcndemde yer etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hatta, bu siyasi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sunili\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekilerek bir t\u00fcr yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik evresinin bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131nda bir t\u00fcr kontrol mekanizmas\u0131 olarak \u00a0i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, ulus-devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7erisinde bir t\u00fcr ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131k olarak da alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na \u015fahit olunur. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge sonras\u0131 siyasi ve ekonomik ko\u015fullar ve \u00f6zellikle de g\u00fc\u00e7 unsurunu i\u00e7inde kayda de\u011fer bir \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131yan askeri varl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, etnik ve dini farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar \u00fczerine y\u00fckselen \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumsal gruplar\u0131n biraradal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir t\u00fcr zorunluluk olarak g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Merkez iktidarlar ve g\u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde sergilenen ulus-devlet yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birlik kadar, etnik-milli \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun ortak kader eksenin birle\u015fmesi, dini inan\u00e7 zemininin do\u011furdu\u011fu ve daha y\u00fcce gayeler \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen birlikler halinde de zuhur edebilir. Ancak bu unsurlar\u0131n, modern ulus-devlet yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131nda dini olana bir yer tan\u0131nmamas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi hat\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ulus-devleti birarada tutacak yap\u0131lar\u0131n zaman i\u00e7erisinde giderek anlam ve zemin kayb\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131na da \u015fahit olunur.<\/p>\n

Endonezya \u00f6zelinde bunu yans\u0131tan unsurlara 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda da g\u00fcndeme farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, A\u00e7e \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketi\u2019nin (GAM-Gerakan Aceh Merdeka<\/em>) 4 Aral\u0131k 1976 tarihinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir siyasi b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fcnyaya ilan etmesini ve kendini bu anlamda Endonezya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131da k\u0131saca de\u011finilen hususlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Hasan di Tiro\u2019nun \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin elit grubuna mensup bireylerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla A\u00e7e\u2019nin Endonezya merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilan\u0131 s\u0131radan bir hadise olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez. Bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131, d\u00f6nemin s\u00f6m\u00fcrge-sonras\u0131 (post-colonial<\/em>) bir s\u00fcrece denk gelmesi ile tezat te\u015fkil edecek bir i\u00e7erik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7ler \u00fc\u00e7, d\u00f6rt y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00f6m\u00fcrge topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karken Bat\u0131 Avrupa tecr\u00fcbesini, yine o topraklara bir siyasi miras olarak b\u0131rakmay\u0131 bir t\u00fcr sorumluluk kabul ettikleri ortada. Ancak bu sorumlulu\u011fun, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00f6ncesi hatta s\u00f6m\u00fcre s\u00fcrecinde ilgili halklar\u0131n hangi dini, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasi birlikteliklerle birarada olduklar\u0131 ve bu noktada nas\u0131l bir teritoryal zeminde bulu\u015ftuklar\u0131 gibi meseleler \u00fczerinde durulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir vak\u0131ad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketi\u2019ni do\u011furan \u015fartlar\u0131n i\u015fte b\u00f6ylesi bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci g\u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrge topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karken b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi zeminden ne\u015fet etti\u011fi ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Burada kimi \u00e7evrelerin anlamakta zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer husus, A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n -\u00c7inli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131k hari\u00e7- t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131 ile Endonezya Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarihi referanslar ve geli\u015fmeler, A\u00e7e\u2019nin bin y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015finde dini yap\u0131la\u015fma olarak \u0130slamiyetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, salt tekil ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\/kapal\u0131 bir etnik millet olgusu de\u011fil, \u00e7o\u011ful, kozmopolit ve hatta d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan geli\u015fmeler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda evrensel bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e\u2019yi bu manada, sadece elli be\u015f bin kilometre karelik bir alanla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak hatal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu noktada, 4 Aral\u0131k 1976 tarihinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k karar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya duyuran metin, A\u00e7e ile Sumatra\u2019y\u0131 birarada zikretmesinin, bu manada bir \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmekte fayda var. A\u00e7e\u2019nin 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fartlar\u0131nda teritoryal bir s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz kalmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu topraklarda ya\u015fayan halk\u0131n siyasi ve toplumsal bilin\u00e7 noktas\u0131nda kendini \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f bir evrende temsil etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Belki de bunun izlerini, daha 1942\u2019de Malaya\u2019daki Japon g\u00fc\u00e7lerini Sumatra topraklar\u0131na \u00e7eken siyasi irade; Endonezya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi 17 A\u011fustos 1945 tarihinde Endonezya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilan\u0131na ra\u011fmen, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n -\u0130ngilizlerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla- b\u00f6lgeyi yeniden s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n 1949\u2019a kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemde A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yegane me\u015fru ve yasal kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131n\u0131n temel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sonras\u0131 yap\u0131lanmada A\u00e7e\u2019nin yap\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve bir model olarak kabul edilmesinin ana organlar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, A\u00e7e\u2019nin 1949\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir eyalet olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Kuzey Sumatra Eyaleti\u2019ne ba\u011flanmas\u0131, ortaya yeni ulus-devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda merkez-\u00e7evre \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00f6rne\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu ilk \u00f6rne\u011fin kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k arz etmesi, 1976 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya kondu\u011fu d\u00f6nemden bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadarki s\u00fcre\u00e7te tan\u0131k olunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki geli\u015fme, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortaya konulan siyasi ve toplumsal perspektiften farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, aksine teyidi mahiyetindedir. Bu durumda, aradan ge\u00e7en bu uzun s\u00fcre\u00e7te, merkez-\u00e7evre ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kimler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirildi\u011fi \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi, 1976 ruhunun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a015.12.2019 A\u00e7e modern tarihi, Endonezya ulus-devleti i\u00e7erisinde yer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3080"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3082,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3080\/revisions\/3082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}