{"id":3074,"date":"2019-12-08T08:29:12","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T08:29:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3074"},"modified":"2019-12-08T08:29:59","modified_gmt":"2019-12-08T08:29:59","slug":"hong-kong-abd-ve-cin-arasinda-yeni-bir-kriz-sahasi-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/hong-kong-abd-ve-cin-arasinda-yeni-bir-kriz-sahasi-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hong Kong: ABD ve \u00c7in aras\u0131nda yeni bir kriz sahas\u0131 (m\u0131?)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a008.12.2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgelerinden Hong Kong\u2019da, Haziran ay\u0131ndan bu yana devam eden g\u00f6steriler giderek \u015fiddet i\u00e7erikli bir niteli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcrken, uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerden gelen tepkilerin Pekin y\u00f6netimi \u00fczerinde siyasi bask\u0131ya evrilece\u011fi emareleri beliriyor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu geli\u015fmeler, Ada y\u00f6netiminin su\u00e7lular\u0131n yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin Ana K\u0131ta \u00c7in\u2019de yap\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na verilen s\u0131radan ve yerel bir tepki olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, \u00e7ok daha kapsaml\u0131 bir anlam i\u00e7erdi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. Ada \u00f6zel valisi Carrie Lam taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en Mart ay\u0131nda meclise sunulan yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, g\u00f6sterilerin devam etmesi bunu kan\u0131tl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kimlik, Hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesinin en \u00f6nemli finans ve uluslararas\u0131 ticaret merkezlerinden biri olan Hong Kong\u2019da, y\u00f6netimin 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019den \u00c7in\u2019e ge\u00e7mesinden itibaren Ada halk\u0131n\u0131n tedrici olarak hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 iddias\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Ada halk\u0131 g\u00f6sterilerle tepkilerini ortaya koyarken, ba\u015fta ABD ve \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler, Pekin y\u00f6netiminin 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan, \u201c\u00c7in-\u0130ngiltere Ortak Deklarasyonu\u201dnda ifade edilen haklar\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zerk y\u00f6netimin sadece elli y\u0131l (1997-2047) boyunca devam edecek olmas\u0131, ard\u0131ndan Ada\u2019da Pekin y\u00f6netimin mutlak egemenli\u011fi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu durum, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bug\u00fcn ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda kritik bir \u00f6neme sahip.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi 1997\u2019den bu yana e\u011fitimden, meclis idaresine ve demokratik haklara ile Ana K\u0131ta \u00c7in\u2019den Ada\u2019ya ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6\u00e7lere kadar Ada\u2019da kendi arzu etti\u011fi siyasi ve toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 tesis edecek bir politika izlerken, Ada halk\u0131 bu uygulamalar\u0131n sahip olduklar\u0131 \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2li olarak de\u011ferlendiriyor.<\/p>\n

Ada halk\u0131, kendini Ana K\u0131ta \u00c7in\u2019den ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak ad\u0131na Hong Kongluluk kimli\u011fi \u00fczerinden, liberal-demokratik de\u011ferlerle \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc bir i\u00e7eri\u011fi oldu\u011fu vurgusu dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

\u015eemsiye Hareketi<\/strong><\/p>\n

2014 se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde Pekin y\u00f6netiminin genel oy kullanma hakk\u0131 verilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tutmamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan ve \u015eemsiye Hareketi (Umbrella Movement<\/em>) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan g\u00f6steriler bug\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerinin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi g\u00f6steriler, art\u0131k Ada\u2019da g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelirken, salt Ada\u2019n\u0131n geni\u015f cadde ve meydanlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerle de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda tan\u0131k olundu\u011fu \u00fczere, g\u00f6sterilere Ada toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131ndan neredeyse her kesimin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla milyonlara ula\u015fmas\u0131, zaten tedrici olarak kalkmakta oldu\u011fu belirtilen hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler noktas\u0131nda yak\u0131n ve orta vadede \u00fcmitvar olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, Ada halk\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da \u00fcyesi bulunan \u00f6zel bir meclis taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen Ada y\u00f6netimi ve Pekin y\u00f6netimi aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvensizli\u011fin in\u015fas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rken, sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc konusunda taraflar aras\u0131nda muhatapl\u0131k sorunu da, ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir mesele olarak ortada duruyor.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, g\u00f6sterilerin alt\u0131nc\u0131 ay\u0131na girdi\u011fi bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, bir yandan Ada halk\u0131n\u0131n az\u0131msanmayacak bir kesiminde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulan demokratik hak taleplerinden vazge\u00e7memeleri, \u00f6te yandan Ada y\u00f6netiminin de g\u00f6steriler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmakta farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler uygulamas\u0131 giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir belirsizlik anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, taleplerinin me\u015fru zeminde dile getirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ara\u00e7lardan yoksun olan Ada halk\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6sterilerde buluyor. Ada ve Pekin y\u00f6netimleri ise, \u00f6zellikle g\u00f6sterilerin meydanlardan havaliman\u0131na y\u00f6n ve i\u00e7erik de\u011fi\u015ftirmesindne itibaren ba\u015fg\u00f6steren geli\u015fmeleri ileri s\u00fcrerek\u00a0 g\u00f6stericileri ter\u00f6rist eylemciler olarak lanse ediyor.<\/p>\n

Tiananmen ruhu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ada\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olarak nitelendirilen g\u00f6sterilerin \u015fiddet i\u00e7erikli boyuta ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ak\u0131llara 1989 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Tiananmen Meydan\u0131 hadisesini getiriyor.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemde, \u00c7in\u2019de \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck talebiyle ba\u015flayan g\u00f6steriler \u00c7in ordusunun meydana tanklarla girmesiyle bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Hong Kong\u2019daki g\u00f6steriler ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 verilen tepkiler \u015fimdilik b\u00f6ylesi bir boyuta ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olsa da, b\u00f6yle bir ihtimali akla getirtecek giri\u015fimlerin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin ge\u00e7en A\u011fustos ay\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda, Ana K\u0131ta \u00c7in\u2019de s\u0131n\u0131r boyundaki Shenzhen\u2019de askeri birliklerin tatbikat haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki hareketlili\u011fi o g\u00fcnlerde do\u011frudan bir m\u00fcdahale endi\u015fesini g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015fti. \u00c7in\u2019den yeni askeri birliklerin Ada\u2019ya ge\u00e7ti\u011fi konusu g\u00fcndemde yer ederken, g\u00f6sterilerin bir askeri hareketle bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusu \u015fu ana kadar bir giri\u015fim s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, g\u00f6stericilerin hak ve talepler ile demokratikle\u015fme konusundaki i\u00e7eri\u011finin, sadece Hong Kong ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksine seslerini Ana K\u0131ta \u00c7in\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131rarak benzer bir toplumsal ve siyasal tepkiyi hareket ge\u00e7irmeyi hedefledikleri gizli a\u00e7\u0131k ortada.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, Pekin y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6zellikle kitle ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki s\u0131k\u0131 kontrol ile Hong Kong\u2019daki geli\u015fmeleri geni\u015f kitlelerden gizleme politikas\u0131 uyguluyor.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, g\u00f6sterilerin liderli\u011fini yapan Demosisto<\/em> Partisi farkl\u0131 siyasi, sivil gruplarca ve halk deste\u011fiyle s\u00fcrerken, hem Ada\u2019da hem de uluslararas\u0131 arenada taleplerinin kabulu ve y\u00fcksek sesle desteklenmesi konusunda sergiledi\u011fi \u00e7abalarda kararl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Sorunun uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu noktada, g\u00f6stericiler, \u00f6nce havaliman\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezlerini mek\u00e2n olarak se\u00e7mesi, \u00f6nemli bir stratejik bir geli\u015fmeydi. B\u00f6ylece, siyasi taleplerini havaliman\u0131 \u00fczerinden uluslararas\u0131 arenaya, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezleri \u00fczerinden de Ada\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 toplumsal kesimlerine do\u011fru yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefliyorlard\u0131 ki, bunda da \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

Bu stratejinin bir ba\u015fka hedefi ise, kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin sergilemekte oldu\u011fu bask\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 kesimlerce tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bir anlamda iddialar\u0131n\u0131n daha geni\u015f kesimlerce me\u015fruiyet kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7makt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, Ada\u2019da \u015fiddet eylemlerinin artmas\u0131na paralel olarak ba\u015fta ABD olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerin ilgisi de buraya \u00e7evrilmi\u015f durumda. Ada\u2019da \u015fiddetin sona erdirilmesi, g\u00fcvenli\u011fin ve istikrar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 konusunda Pekin y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 liderler birbiri ard\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekiciydi.<\/p>\n

ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump ile \u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fcmeti yetkililerinin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, ABD senato meclisi \u00fcyeleri, Almanya ba\u015fbakan\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 ile A\u011fustos ay\u0131 sonunda Paris\u2019te G-7 Zirvesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla biraraya gelen Avrupal\u0131 di\u011fer liderlerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na konu oldu. Bu noktada, \u00f6zellikle ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmesi, zaten ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131na konu olan iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerinin daha da gerginle\u015fmesi ve yeni bir kriz alan\u0131 olabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Pekin y\u00f6netimi, Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerden gelen ele\u015ftirileri i\u00e7 i\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale olarak yorumlarken, Bat\u0131l\u0131 liderler, Ada y\u00f6netiminin \u0130ngiltere\u2019den \u00c7in\u2019e ge\u00e7mesi konusundaki anla\u015fman\u0131n ihl\u00e2l edildi\u011fi ve Pekin y\u00f6netiminin, Ada halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin korunmas\u0131 konusundaki \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar olumlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmu\u015f de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin m\u00fcdahalesinin \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc vakalara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, Ada\u2019da \u00f6zerk yap\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahalelerin artmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ABD senatosunda, \u201cHong Kong \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Demokrasi Yasas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi ve Pekin y\u00f6netimi \u00fczerinde siyasi bask\u0131n\u0131n tesisi konusunda giri\u015fimler g\u00fcndemde.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, 1997 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Ada\u2019da var olan \u201ctek devlet iki sistem\u201d modelini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmezken, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015ei Cinping\u2019in \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere Hong Kong, \u00c7in topra\u011f\u0131 kabul edilerek egemenlik hakk\u0131 iddias\u0131 ile buradaki icraatlara me\u015fruiyet kazand\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fmeler, Hong Kong\u2019un son derece hassas bir d\u00f6nemden ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. G\u00f6stericiler haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruma konusunda kararl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcrken, Pekin y\u00f6netiminin alt\u0131 ay\u0131 bulan bu geli\u015fmelere daha ne kadar izin verece\u011fi veya bu geli\u015fmeleri nas\u0131l y\u00f6netece\u011fi konusu belirsizli\u011fini koruyor.<\/p>\n

\u201cEkonomi-Politik\u201d, A\u00e7\u0131k Medeniyet<\/em>, Y\u0131l 3, Say\u0131 20, 2019-Aral\u0131k. <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a008.12.2019 \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgelerinden Hong Kong\u2019da, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-hongkong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3074"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3077,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3074\/revisions\/3077"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}