{"id":3065,"date":"2019-11-30T07:38:23","date_gmt":"2019-11-30T07:38:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=3065"},"modified":"2019-11-30T07:38:23","modified_gmt":"2019-11-30T07:38:23","slug":"hong-kongdaki-gelismeler-abdden-hong-kong-yasasi-ile-tepki-the-reaction-of-the-us-government-to-the-developments-in-hong-kong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/hong-kongdaki-gelismeler-abdden-hong-kong-yasasi-ile-tepki-the-reaction-of-the-us-government-to-the-developments-in-hong-kong\/","title":{"rendered":"Hong Kong\u2019daki geli\u015fmeler ABD\u2019den \u201cHong Kong Yasas\u0131\u201d ile tepki \/ The reaction of the US Government to the developments in Hong Kong"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 30.11.2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD senatosunca haz\u0131rlanan, \u201cHong Kong \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Demokrasi Yasas\u0131\u201d Ba\u015fkan Donald Trump taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en Haziran ay\u0131nda Cumhuriyet\u00e7i baz\u0131 senat\u00f6rlerin giri\u015fimiyle g\u00fcndeme gelen ve Demokratlar\u0131n da deste\u011fiyle sanot ve temsilciler meclisi\u2019den ge\u00e7en yasan\u0131n ba\u015fkan taraf\u0131ndan imzalanmas\u0131 Hong Kong i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n

ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump ve Demokratlar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma nedeniyle imzalan\u0131p imzalanmayaca\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkulu olan Hong Kong yasas\u0131 nihayetinde senatoda kabul edilerek ba\u015fkan taraf\u0131ndan imzaland\u0131. Bu durum, Demokratlarla Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda bu konuda benzer bir siyasi tutum oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

Trump daha \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda Hong Kong\u2019daki geli\u015fmeleri ayaklanma olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve \u00c7in\u2019in i\u00e7 i\u015fi oldu\u011funa vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak Trump\u2019un s\u00f6z konusu yasay\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, bug\u00fcne kadar sergiledi\u011fi \u00e7eli\u015fkilerle dolu y\u00f6netiminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak da anla\u015f\u0131lmaya elveriyor.<\/p>\n

Washington\u2019da kabul edilen Hong Kong Yasas\u0131, ABD y\u00f6netiminin Ada\u2019daki g\u00f6sterileri ve g\u00f6stericilerin siyasi taleplerine deste\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu karar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda Hong Kong g\u00f6sterilerini y\u00f6nlendiren demokrasi yanl\u0131s\u0131 gruplar \u00f6zellikle de Demosisto Partisi\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten Joshua Wong ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n lobi faaliyetlerinin de yads\u0131namaz bir rol\u00fc bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu yasa, \u00f6zellikle ge\u00e7en A\u011fustos ay\u0131ndan bu yana \u00f6zellikle Almanya, Fransa, ABD\u2019den gelen tepkilerin bir anlamda resmiyet kazanmas\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. \u00d6yle ki, Hong Kong\u2019da demokrasi yanl\u0131lar\u0131, di\u011fer baz\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerden de ABD gibi benzer yasalar \u00e7\u0131kartmalar\u0131n\u0131 talep etmeleri s\u00fcrecin bununla sona ermeyece\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

Pekin tepkili<\/strong><\/p>\n

Son alt\u0131 ayd\u0131r meydanlar\u0131 dolduran ve zaman zaman \u015fiddet e\u011filimlerinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hong Kong\u2019da bu yasaya g\u00f6stericilerin tepkisi olumlu olurken, Pekin y\u00f6netimi ABD\u2019yi i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmakla su\u00e7luyor.<\/p>\n

Washington\u2019dan gelen bu karar hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Hong Kong\u2019da geni\u015f kitlelerin siyasal talepleriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00f6sterilerin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan bu yana uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerden gelen tepkilerin en \u00f6nemlisi olarak kabul etmeye de\u011fer y\u00f6nler i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n

Hong Kong\u2019u son d\u00f6nemde uluslararas\u0131 siyasetin ve kamuoyunun g\u00fcndemine ta\u015f\u0131yan husus, Pekin\u2019in tek parti rejimi ile Hong Kong\u2019a verilen \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve Ada halk\u0131n\u0131n talepleri aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Pekin y\u00f6netimi bu geli\u015fmeyi i\u00e7 i\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale olarak de\u011ferlendirirken, bunun tepkisiz kalmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verecekleri a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapt\u0131. ABD-\u00c7in ili\u015fkilerinde son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r belirleyici olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u2018ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00fcrecin bu geli\u015fmeden etkilenebilece\u011fine dair ifadeler g\u00fcndeme geliyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in, her ne kadar, ABD\u2019den gelen s\u00f6z konusu bu karar\u0131, ticaret g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etse de, bunu nas\u0131l yapabilece\u011fi konusunda belirsizlik oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

1997 Karar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hong Kong, 1997 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana \u00c7in\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zerk bir y\u00f6netim b\u00f6lgesi. Bununla birlikte, \u0130ngiltere ve \u00c7in aras\u0131nda 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan \u2018\u00c7in-\u0130ngiltere Ortak Deklarasyonu\u2019yla il\u00e2n edildi\u011fi \u00fczere \u00c7in\u2019de hakim tek parti rejimine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Hong Kong\u2019da liberal yasalar\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu bir yap\u0131 elli y\u0131l boyunca uygulanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rne\u011fi olmayan ve \u201ctek devlet, iki sistem\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan bu y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi, bir ba\u015fka anlamda Ada\u2019n\u0131n 1997-1947 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, yani elli y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019e tedrici olarak ba\u011flanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019nin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Hong Kong\u2019la ne gibi bir ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu sorusu asl\u0131nda yukar\u0131da de\u011finilen \u2018Yasa\u2019 ile yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, ABD \u2018tek devlet, iki sistem\u2019den hareketle Pekin y\u00f6netiminden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak Hong Kong ile \u00f6zel ticari stat\u00fcde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ticari faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ticaret ve demokratik haklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

ABD y\u00f6netimi Hong Kong\u2019la \u00f6zel ticari anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Ada\u2019da var olan demokratik haklar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kabul ediyor. Bu nedenle ba\u015fkan Trump\u2019\u0131n imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hong Kong Yasas\u0131 Ada\u2019da bu demokratik haklar\u0131n ihlal edilip edilmemesini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Herhangi bir ihlal durumunda ise ABD-Hong Kong aras\u0131nda ticari ili\u015fkileri etkileyebilecek geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fanabilir.<\/p>\n

Yasan\u0131n giri\u015f c\u00fcmlesi, \u201cBu yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 Hong Kong\u2019un ABD yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemekte ve Hong Kong\u2019da insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerinden sorumlu olanlara y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ele almaktad\u0131r\u201d denmektedir.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir ihl\u00e2lin olmas\u0131 halinde ticari yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00c7in ve Hong Kong\u2019lu baz\u0131 y\u00f6neticilere y\u00f6nelik seyahat engeli s\u00f6z konusu olabilecek.<\/p>\n

\u0130hlal durumunda uygulanmas\u0131 beklenen yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, ABD ve \u00c7in aras\u0131nda ticaret alan\u0131nda zaten var olan sorunun daha da karma\u015f\u0131k bir h\u00e2l almas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

Tek devlet iki sistem ve ele\u015ftiriler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Tek devlet, iki sistem\u2019 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki, Hong Konglular, \u00c7in ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler nezdinde farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde anla\u015f\u0131lmakta ve uygulanmakta.<\/p>\n

Temelde \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi d\u00f6neminde var oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bu siyasi y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7iminde \u00c7in tek parti y\u00f6netimi, Hong Kong idaresi \u00fczerinde g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak tedrici olarak siyasi ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimlerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7ma yolunda ad\u0131mlar at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada da, asl\u0131nda b\u00f6ylesi bir durum s\u00f6z konusu. Ge\u00e7en alt\u0131 boyunca, zaman zaman milyonlarca ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6steriler Ada\u2019da \u00e7e\u015fitli su\u00e7lardan yarg\u0131lananlar\u0131n \u00c7in y\u00f6netimine iadesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin ard\u0131ndan geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Ada \u00f6zel idaresinin ba\u015f y\u00f6neticisi Carrie Lam bu yasay\u0131 23 Ekim\u2019de resmi olarak yasay\u0131 geri \u00e7ekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klasa da, g\u00f6sterilerin devam etmesi asl\u0131nda Hong Konglular nezdinde tepkinin bir tek yasama s\u00fcreci ile ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin ABD\u2019den gelen bu karara tepkisinin ard\u0131nda sadece Hong Kong meselesinin oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek yanl\u0131\u015f olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi, s\u00f6z konusu bu sisteminin \u2018ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\u2019 olarak uygulanmakta oldu\u011funu t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya kan\u0131tlama u\u011fra\u015f\u0131 veriyor.<\/p>\n

Bununla ayn\u0131 zamanda, Tayvan\u2019a da benzer bir y\u00f6netim modeli sunmak suretiyle, kendini de facto<\/em> bir devlet olarak g\u00f6ren Tayvan\u2019\u0131 da, zaman i\u00e7erisinde bir anlamda eyalet d\u00fczeyinde kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir siyasi yap\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek istiyor.<\/p>\n

Son alt\u0131 ayd\u0131r s\u00fcren g\u00f6sterilerin ard\u0131ndan ABD senatosunun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar, s\u00f6z konusu bu y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7iminin sorgulanabilirli\u011fi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Ve \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi ABD\u2019de al\u0131nan bu karara verdi\u011fi ilk tepkilerde tehditk\u00e2r bir usl\u00fcp kullansa da, pratikte nas\u0131l bir y\u00f6ntem izleyerek ABD\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verece\u011fini zaman g\u00f6sterecek.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda ABD\u2019de al\u0131nan bu karar s\u00fcrpriz de\u011fil. Zaten bir s\u00fcredir konu\u015fulan ve Hong Kong\u2019taki g\u00f6sterilerin gen\u00e7 liderlerinin ABD makamlar\u0131 nezdinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri lobi faaliyetleri\u00a0 ile g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131ndan itibaren Avrupa ve ABD\u2019den \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczeylerde ziyaretlerle Hong Kong\u2019daki sorunu yak\u0131ndan takip eden Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7evreler, ABD Senatosu\u2019nun karar\u0131yla \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019yle farkl\u0131 bir d\u00fczeyde kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmeleri anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ancak yukar\u0131da da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere ABD\u2019li baz\u0131 senat\u00f6rlerin Haziran ay\u0131ndan itibaren Hong Kong yasas\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu konunun ABD senatosunun g\u00fcndemine daha \u00f6ncesinde girdi\u011fini kan\u0131tl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Alman \u015fans\u00f6lyesi Angela Merkel, ABD senatosundan Cumhuriyet\u00e7i senat\u00f6r Marco Rubio\u2019nun ziyaretleri, Paris\u2019teki G-7 zirvesi\u2019nde \u00c7in y\u00f6netiminin Hong Kong\u2019da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 verilen mesajlar hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki bu s\u00fcrecin \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 30.11.2019 ABD senatosunca haz\u0131rlanan, \u201cHong Kong \u0130nsan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-hongkong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3065","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3065"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3066,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3065\/revisions\/3066"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}