{"id":2997,"date":"2019-09-27T06:43:59","date_gmt":"2019-09-27T06:43:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=2997"},"modified":"2019-09-27T09:37:16","modified_gmt":"2019-09-27T09:37:16","slug":"endonezyada-papua-sorunu-papua-issue-in-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/endonezyada-papua-sorunu-papua-issue-in-indonesia\/","title":{"rendered":"Endonezya\u2019da Papua sorunu \/ Papua Issue in Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 27.09.2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Endonezya\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ayd\u0131r s\u00fcren toplumsal huzursuzluk ve \u015fiddet g\u00fcndemdeki yerini kokuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fmeler, Papua eyaletindeki Papual\u0131lar\u0131n yeniden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k talebinde bulunurken, ba\u015fkent Cakarta\u2019da ulusal mecliste bir s\u00fcredir tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan Yolsuzlukla M\u00fccadele Kurumu\u2019nun (KPK) g\u00fc\u00e7 ve yetkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n geri \u00e7ekilmesine y\u00f6nelik olarak \u00f6zellikle lise ve \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerince ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen g\u00f6sterilerdir.<\/p>\n

Birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemeyecek bu geli\u015fmeleri her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle burada ele almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bu nedenle, k\u0131saca Papua konusu \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Papual\u0131lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n

17 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Endonezya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc kutlamalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelen olaylar ve sonras\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler \u00fclkede Papua krizinin yeniden n\u00fcksetmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Endonezya merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile \u00fclkenin en do\u011fusundaki Yeni Gine Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Papua Eyaleti aras\u0131nda var olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreci, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te yeniden g\u00fcndeme gelirken, Papual\u0131lar referandum \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yinelemek suretiyle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k arzular\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc kutlamalar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015fkent Cakarta\u2019da yap\u0131lan g\u00f6sterilerde Papual\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k talebiyle ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ard\u0131ndan, Cava Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusunda, \u00fclkenin ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri Surabaya\u2019daki y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131nda okuyan bir grup Papual\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencinin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yurtlara askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bask\u0131n yapmas\u0131 \u015fiddet eylemine konu olurken, geli\u015fmelerin k\u00f6r\u00fcklenmesinde bundan daha da \u00f6nemlisi askerlerin Papual\u0131lar\u0131n fiziki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri \u00fczerinden \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ifadeler kullanmas\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Referandum talebi yeni de\u011fil<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu durum, Papua Eyaleti ba\u015fkenti Jayapura\u2019da referamdum talebi ve g\u00f6steriler \u015feklinde yank\u0131 bulurken, bir anlamda \u015fiddet sarmal\u0131 da yeniden i\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fmeler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6steriyor ki, Papual\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ifadeler Eyalet halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilemeyecek bir durum. Ayr\u0131ca, Papual\u0131lar\u0131n Endonezya b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zellikle de, temsil g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan merkezi y\u00f6netim ve bunun uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine y\u00f6nelik g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 benzer s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde oldu\u011fu gibi yine g\u00fcndeme geldi.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Jayapura\u2019dan y\u00fckselen referandum talebini dikkate almas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek olmayacak bir \u015fey(di). Ve merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet bu talebe y\u00f6nelik sivil ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanmak ve bu talepleri reddetti\u011fini kan\u0131tlarcas\u0131na yeni g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerini b\u00f6lgeye sevk etti.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00f6l\u00fc ve yaral\u0131lar\u0131n olmas\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 medyan\u0131n geli\u015fmelere kulak kabartmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir di\u011fer tedbir ise, b\u00f6lgede ileti\u015fim olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanarak, toplumsal ve siyasal tepkinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkan Jokowi\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeye y\u00f6nelik ilgisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koltu\u011funda oturan Joko Widodo\u2019nun, \u00f6zellikle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yanl\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6ylemlerin g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi b\u00f6lgeler, az geli\u015fmi\u015flikle an\u0131lan eyaletler \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu ve ekonomik modernle\u015fmenin \u00fclkenin bu b\u00f6lgelerine ula\u015fmas\u0131 konusunda da \u00e7aba sarf etti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde Papua krizinin n\u00fcksetmesi olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Nisan ay\u0131ndaki se\u00e7imlerin ard\u0131ndan \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki ay ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yeminini edecek olan Jokowi\u2019nin \u00fclkenin siyasal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n siville\u015fmesi, demokratikle\u015fme, ekonomik modernle\u015fme vb. s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimi veren politikalar\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme geliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu anlamda, Ba\u015fkan Jokowi\u2019nin Papua \u00f6zelindeki tasarruflar\u0131ndan \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan\u0131 Papua Otoban \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6lgede ekonomik faaliyetler nezdinde mobilizasyonu ve b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeydeki refah d\u00fczeyini art\u0131rmaya matuf bir giri\u015fim olarak g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkan\u2019\u0131n bu ilgisini, daha \u00f6nceki ba\u015fkanlardan farkl\u0131 olarak her y\u0131l birka\u00e7 kez b\u00f6lgeye ziyaret etmesinde somut olarak g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnlerde Papual\u0131lar\u0131 hedef alan \u015fiddet ve d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6ylemlerin Ba\u015fkan\u2019\u0131n bu \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc almaya y\u00f6nelik giri\u015fimler oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok. Ba\u015fkan\u0131n ve ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmetin siyasi ve sivil inisiyatifinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7en g\u00fc\u00e7ler, b\u00f6lgede bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 zedeleyici geli\u015fmelerdeki akt\u00f6r rolleriyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Eyaletin zenginli\u011fi Papual\u0131lara yaram\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, bug\u00fcnlerde g\u00fcndeme gelen Papua krizinin tam da b\u00f6ylesi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor olmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmak gerekiyor. Bunun birka\u00e7 nedeni oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bunlardan en a\u015fik\u00e2r olan\u0131, Papua topraklar\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu zengin maden ve gaz rezervleri.<\/p>\n

On y\u0131llard\u0131r b\u00f6lgede, \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131l\u0131 madencilik \u015firketlerinin faaliyetlerinin hem bu k\u00fcresel \u015firketler hem de Endonezya merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli gelirler olarak anlam bulmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu ekonomik kazan\u0131m\u0131n en g\u00fczel ifadesi ise, ABD madencilik \u015firketi Freeport McMoran ile Endonezya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015fletmecilik hakk\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten Grasberg Mine adl\u0131 kurulu\u015fun faaliyetlerinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buluyor.<\/p>\n

Yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Freeport\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki faaliyetlerinin durdurulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki Cakarta\u2019da g\u00fcndeme gelen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler iki taraf aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonras\u0131nda yeniden onayla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te hangi akt\u00f6rlerin ve fakt\u00f6rlerin rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, Papua eyaletinin kaderi ile yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fin bir di\u011fer yan\u0131nda ise, kli\u015fe bir ifade olarak de\u011ferlendirilme ihtimali y\u00fcksek de olsa, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi yans\u0131tmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zellikle, ordu g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin sivil hakimiyetin tesis edilemedi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde sahip oldu\u011fu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u0131rakmak istememesi kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Endonezya ordusunun bu konuda Cakarta\u2019daki sivil siyaset \u00fczerinde sahip oldu\u011fu etkiyi de dikkate alarak, bu yap\u0131n\u0131n Papua\u2019daki geli\u015fmelerde y\u00f6nlendiricili\u011finin \u015f\u00fcpheyle kar\u015f\u0131lanmayacak d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011fu tahmin edilebilir. B\u00f6lgede hak ihlalleri konusundaki iddialar\u0131n \u00fczerine gidilememesinin herhalde bir nedeni de yine bu ve benzeri yap\u0131lar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir.<\/p>\n

Bitmeyen s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik ba\u011flam\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Papual\u0131lar\u0131n siyasi talepleri, di\u011fer benzeri talepler de oldu\u011fu gibi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011finin sona erdi\u011fi ve yerine Endonezya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kuruldu\u011fu 17 A\u011fustos 1945\u2019te Papua b\u00f6lgesi Yeni Gine ad\u0131yla Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi olmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n

1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda Papua\u2019da Hollanda\u2019dan ayr\u0131lma talepleri g\u00fcndeme gelirken, bir y\u0131l sonra New York anla\u015fmas\u0131yla Papua\u2019n\u0131n Endonezya Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne devri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ard\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgede toplumsal huzursuzluk sonras\u0131nda, 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda silahlar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde yap\u0131lan g\u00f6stermelik referandum b\u00f6lgeyi Endonezya topraklar\u0131nda tutman\u0131n arac\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Papual\u0131lar\u0131n kendilerini sanki bir s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f hissetmelerine sebep, d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6ylemlere maruz kalmalar\u0131, b\u00f6lgelerindeki ekonomik zenginlikten pay alamamalar\u0131, demokratik s\u00fcre\u00e7lere kat\u0131lamamalar\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Jokowi\u2019ye sorumluluk <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na resmi olarak ba\u015flayacak olan Jokowi\u2019nin \u00fclkede son d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan anar\u015fi boyutuna ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenen toplumsal huzursuzluklar\u0131 dindirebilecek siyasi iradeyi ortaya koymas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bunu, \u00f6ncelikle olu\u015facak yeni kabine \u00fcyelerinin se\u00e7iminden ba\u015flayarak, \u00f6zellikle \u00fclkede yolsuzluklar ve adaletsizlikler \u00fczerine gidecek yasal ve kurumsal yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeniden tesisi ve y\u00f6netebilmesi olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Papua konusu da hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki, bu s\u00fcrecin bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Bu noktada, Jokowi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, geni\u015f toplum kesimlerinin ve\/ya bunlar\u0131 temsil makam\u0131ndaki kurumlar\u0131n, bu geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sessiz kalmas\u0131 de\u011fil, adaleti tesis edecek s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde aktif olarak yer almalar\u0131 s\u00fcrecin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ilerlemesinde katk\u0131s\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 27.09.2019 Endonezya\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ayd\u0131r s\u00fcren toplumsal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3001,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endonezya","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2997"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2997\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2999,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2997\/revisions\/2999"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}