{"id":2774,"date":"2019-02-16T16:20:48","date_gmt":"2019-02-16T16:20:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=2774"},"modified":"2019-02-16T16:20:48","modified_gmt":"2019-02-16T16:20:48","slug":"basiret-ve-direnis-kitabinin-tanitimi-ve-bazi-gorusler-book-launching-of-basiret-ve-direnis-and-some-opinions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/basiret-ve-direnis-kitabinin-tanitimi-ve-bazi-gorusler-book-launching-of-basiret-ve-direnis-and-some-opinions\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cBasiret ve Direni\u015f\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \/ Book launching of \u201cBasiret ve Direni\u015f\u201d and some opinions"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 16.02.2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cBasiret ve Direni\u015f\u201d adl\u0131 kitap \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 13 \u015eubat, \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130bn Haldun \u00dcniversitesi S\u00fcleymaniye kamp\u00fcs\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusunu daha belirgin k\u0131lan husus alt ba\u015fl\u0131kta g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn: \u201cBasiret Gazetesinde A\u00e7e\u2019deki \u2018Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (1873-1904) \u0130lk \u0130ki Y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 Ele Alan Metinlere Dair\u201d.<\/p>\n

Basiret ve Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2018Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019 (Dutch War) olarak literat\u00fcre ge\u00e7en ve Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019nda hakim bir devlet olan A\u00e7e Dar\u00fcsselam Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen sava\u015f\u0131n, d\u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 ba\u015fkentinde yay\u0131n organlar\u0131ndan biri olan Basiret gazetesinde ele al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde duruluyor.<\/p>\n

Yay\u0131n\u0131na 22 Ocak 1870 tarihinde ba\u015flayan Basiret gazetesinin, o d\u00f6nem Avrupa\u2019daki siyasi geli\u015fmeler kadar, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131nda Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli bir hadiseyi de sayfalar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli. Bu \u00f6nem, salt gazetecilik ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar noktas\u0131nda de\u011fil, d\u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin ilgi ve dikkatini bu b\u00f6lgeye ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlarla ili\u015fkilere \u00e7ekme gibi siyasi bir vechesinin olmas\u0131ndan da kaynaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Basiret gazetesi, Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019nda A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131ndaki Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019yla ilgili haberlerin \u00fc\u00e7 temel kaynaktan hareketle yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar,<\/p>\n

a)yabanc\u0131-bas\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan haberler<\/p>\n

b)A\u00e7e\u2019den gelen el\u00e7i ve g\u00f6nderilen baz\u0131 mektuplar\u0131n tamam\u0131 veya i\u00e7eri\u011fi<\/p>\n

c)editoryal yorumlar gazetenin yay\u0131n politikas\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmas\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, yay\u0131nlar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak, belki de d\u00f6neminin k\u00fcresel bas\u0131n\u0131 denilebilecek Bat\u0131\u2019da -ve de k\u0131smen Do\u011fu\u2019da- yay\u0131nlanan \u0130ngilizce, Frans\u0131zca ve Almanca gazetelere dayand\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gazetenin yay\u0131n kadrosunun zenginli\u011fine ve \u00fcn\u00fcne ra\u011fmen, d\u00f6nemin uluslararas\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131, giderek geli\u015fme g\u00f6steren ula\u015f\u0131m imk\u00e2n ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, gazetenin s\u00f6z konusu geli\u015fmeyi Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019nda veya en yak\u0131n mevki olan Penang veya Singapur Adalar\u0131\u2019ndan izlememi\u015f olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, d\u00f6nemin bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n belli co\u011frafyalardaki geli\u015fmelere ilgi g\u00f6sterirken, buralara do\u011frudan ula\u015famam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gibi bir durumu da ortaya koyuyor. Bunun, ayn\u0131 zamanda yine o d\u00f6nem ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 devletinin \u0130slam toplumlar\u0131 ve genelde d\u00fcnya alg\u0131s\u0131 ve co\u011frafi etkile\u015fimleriyle ne t\u00fcrden bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ve al\u00e2kas\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrtecek boyutlar da i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Gazetenin 1870-1879 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece 19 say\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k ilk iki bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l\u0131na yer veriliyor. Gazetenin t\u00fcm n\u00fcshalar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gibi teknik bir sorun kadar, Basiret\u2019in Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki geli\u015fmeyi neden devam ettirmedi\u011fi konusu g\u00fcndeme getirilebilir. Bunun, Osmanl\u0131 ba\u015fkentinde \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik giderek artan ilgiye ra\u011fmen, s\u00f6z konusu sava\u015fla ilgili geli\u015fmelere yer verilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir sorudur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, sava\u015f\u0131n A\u00e7eliler ve Hollandal\u0131lar ve\u00e7hesinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilecek olan A\u00e7eli el\u00e7ilerden Abdurrahman ez-Zahir\u2019in, 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimiyle anla\u015f\u0131p Cidde\u2019ye yerle\u015fmesi sonras\u0131nda A\u00e7e\u2019de sava\u015f\u0131n liderli\u011fini A\u00e7eli hocalar\u0131n ve siyasi elitin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 1880\u2019lerden itibaren giderek yeniden \u00f6nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7eli el\u00e7iler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Basiret\u2019in daha yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abdurrahman ez-Zahir adl\u0131 A\u00e7e el\u00e7isinin \u0130stanbul\u2019a ziyaretinin gazetenin sahibi Ali Efendi ve\/ya yay\u0131n kadrosunda bulunan yazar-\u00e7izerler taraf\u0131ndan bilinmemesi pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckmemektedir. \u00d6yle ki, s\u00f6z konusu ziyaret, \u0130stanbul\u2019da sadece Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi nezdinde de\u011fil, \u00e7e\u015fitli Avrupa \u00fclkeleri el\u00e7iliklerince de yak\u0131ndan takip edilirken, d\u00f6nemin yazarlar\u0131 ve gazetecilerince fark edilmemesi ve izlenmemesi pek de rasyonel bir durum de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki geli\u015fmelerin A\u00e7e devleti aleyhine geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermesine paralel olarak 1872 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda \u0130stanbul\u2019a gitmek \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1873 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015f\u0131p yakla\u015f\u0131k 8\/9 ay kadar kalmas\u0131 gazete taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ndan takip edildi\u011fi ilgili haberlerden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu iki geli\u015fmenin, Ali Efendi\u2019nin Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki geli\u015fmeyi gazetesinde yer vermesinde ba\u015fat bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar, yukar\u0131da sava\u015fla ilgili \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerin Avrupa ve ilintili b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7\u0131kan bas\u0131n yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden takip edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olsa da, gazeteye g\u00f6nderilen baz\u0131 mektuplar\u0131n A\u00e7e ile ilgili birincil elden bilgi veren \u00f6nemli kaynaklar olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeyi hak etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Tabii burada \u015fu soru da sorulabilir. Acaba bu t\u00fcr metinler gazeteye hakikaten g\u00f6nderildi mi? G\u00f6nderildiyse hangi kanallar \u00fczerinden ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131? Ya da mektup g\u00f6nderilmesi, gazete edit\u00f6rlerince g\u00f6stermelik bir husus olup, asl\u0131nda bu bilgilerin zaten \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan ez-Zahir ve yay\u0131nda heyette bulunan di\u011fer ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan bizzat aktar\u0131l\u0131p aktar\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 akla getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihad-\u0131 \u0130slam m\u0131, Pan-\u0130slamizm mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ali Efendi\u2019yi \u0130ttihad-\u0131 \u0130slam konusunda \u00f6nemli yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 olan d\u00f6nemin bir ayd\u0131n\u0131 kabul edilebilir. Bununla birlikte, en az\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu yay\u0131nlardan hareketle bu hususta hassasiyetleri olan bir yazar ve yay\u0131nc\u0131 oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r. Tabii burada \u0130ttihad-\u0131 \u0130slam ile Pan-\u0130slam kelimelerinden ayn\u0131 \u015feyin anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p anla\u015f\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Ancak tarihsel olarak ittihad-\u0131 \u0130slam olgusunun daha k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi oldu\u011fu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u2018yerlilik\u2019 unsuru ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6te yandan Pan-\u0130slam kavram\u0131n\u0131n ise Avrupa\u2019da \u00f6rne\u011fin Pan-Slav, Pan-Cermen gibi kullan\u0131mlardan hareketle siyasi ve bas\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu siyasi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ve eylemler i\u00e7erisinde Pan-\u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k olgusunun 1870\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki yay\u0131nlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6zellikle son \u00e7eyre\u011finden itibaren \u00e7e\u015fitli akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar konu olan Pan-\u0130slam konusunun Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019le ili\u015fkilendirilmesi, ister istemez ak\u0131llara Basiret gazetesinin yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 getirtmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, II. Abd\u00fclhamit \u00f6ncesinde benzer bir siyasi perspektifin sergilenmemi\u015f olmas\u0131, Basiret gazetesinde Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki geli\u015fmeden hareketle sergilenen yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bir ittihad-\u0131 \u0130slam konusu olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ve belki de di\u011fer benzer yay\u0131nlar\u0131n 1876\u2019da payitahtta ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimle II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in tahta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, \u00f6rne\u011fin 1880\u2019lerde bilfiil uygulamaya konulan \u2018Pan-\u0130slamc\u0131\u2019 politikalara etkisi de ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya matuf bir konudur.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, bir ba\u015fka \u015fekilde ifade etmek gerekirse, burada anakronik bir duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmemelidir. \u00d6yle ki, 1876\u2019da tahta ge\u00e7en II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in \u00f6zellikle 1880\u2019lerden itibaren g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan politikalar\u0131na at\u0131fla pop\u00fclerle\u015fen Avrupa merkezli bir kavram olan Pan-\u0130slam\u2019\u0131, 1870\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle A\u00e7e ve de farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalardan gelen el\u00e7iler \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan yay\u0131nlar ve bunun do\u011furdu\u011fu hassasiyete binaen kullanmak yerine \u0130ttihat-\u0131 \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 ye\u011flemek yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 ba\u015fkentine yans\u0131yan Sumatra\u2019daki geli\u015fmeler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ttihad-\u0131 \u0130slam ve daha sonraki geli\u015fmeler adland\u0131rmalar ba\u011flam\u0131nda Pan-\u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 ba\u015fkenti d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmelerin, tetiklemelerin ve hatta zorlamalar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir etkisi oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Bunun en bariz g\u00f6stergelerinden biri, di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, co\u011frafi olarak belki de en uzak b\u00f6lge addedilebilecek ve d\u00f6neminin \u00f6nemli bir siyasi yap\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul edilen A\u00e7e Dar\u00fcsselam Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan el\u00e7ilerin -di\u011fer baz\u0131 olas\u0131 etkile\u015fimler bir yana, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, ard\u0131ndan 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131 ve akabinde Hollanda Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011fine do\u011fru Osmanl\u0131 ba\u015fkentinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeleridir.<\/p>\n

Bu ziyaretler bir tesad\u00fcf eseri olmay\u0131p, birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 siyasi kas\u0131tla ortaya konulmu\u015f bilin\u00e7li edimlerdir. Tabii, bu ba\u011flamda, konunun salt siyasi y\u00f6n\u00fc de\u011fil, belki de bundan \u00f6nce Hicri 2. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u0130slamiyetle tan\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131lara ge\u00e7en halifelik m\u00fcessesine y\u00f6nelik samimi ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de de\u011ferlendirilmeyi hak etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcrecin \u00f6nemli bir yerinde ve de d\u00f6nemin k\u00fcresel ili\u015fkilerini etkileyebilecek boyuttaki bir sava\u015f ba\u011flam\u0131nda Basiret gazetesi, resmi politikalar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde sivil bir unsur olarak \u0130slam birli\u011fini, farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalardaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zelde de A\u00e7e\u2019de ya\u015fananlar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmesiyle \u00f6nemli bir tarihi i\u015flev g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 16.02.2019 \u201cBasiret ve Direni\u015f\u201d adl\u0131 kitap \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2775,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2776,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2774\/revisions\/2776"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}