{"id":2743,"date":"2019-01-31T14:02:01","date_gmt":"2019-01-31T14:02:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=2743"},"modified":"2019-01-31T14:02:01","modified_gmt":"2019-01-31T14:02:01","slug":"malezyada-siyaset-gelenek-ve-degisim-politics-tradition-and-change-in-malaysia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/malezyada-siyaset-gelenek-ve-degisim-politics-tradition-and-change-in-malaysia\/","title":{"rendered":"Malezya\u2019da siyaset, gelenek ve de\u011fi\u015fim \/ Politics, tradition and change in Malaysia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 31.01.2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Malezya\u2019da son bir y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde iki \u00f6nemli tarihi geli\u015fme meydana geldi. \u0130lki 9 May\u0131s se\u00e7imlerinin ard\u0131ndan 61 y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidar de\u011fi\u015fti. Ard\u0131ndan, \u00fclkenin 15. Federal sultan\u0131, be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresini tamamlamadan, daha iki y\u0131l\u0131 yeni dolmu\u015fken g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Her iki de\u011fi\u015fiklik sembolik \u00f6nemleri kadar, Malezya toplumunun siyasi ve sosyal yap\u0131s\u0131na dair baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu iki de\u011fi\u015fimin, \u00fclkede kemikle\u015fmi\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131n sars\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na ku\u015fku yok. Bu ba\u011flamda, yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte neler oldu\u011funa k\u0131saca de\u011finmekte yarar var.<\/p>\n

1980\u2019li ve 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Malezya kalk\u0131nma hamleleri ile g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015fti. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse her \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya \u00fclkesi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan kalk\u0131nma s\u00f6yleminde Malezya bir ad\u0131m \u00f6nde olman\u0131n avantaj\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunda, \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemindeki siyasal ve sosyal tabakala\u015fman\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n etkisi oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yok. Bununla birlikte, \u2018yerlilik\u2019 \u2018Asyal\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 s\u00f6ylemlerinin de ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fahit olunmu\u015ftu. D\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Dr. Mahathir Muhammed, \u00f6nce Japonya ve ard\u0131ndan Asya Kaplanlar\u0131 ile Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ekonomik kalk\u0131nma ve end\u00fcstrile\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini \u2018Look East\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi politikas\u0131yla fiiliyata ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u00fczere bir model olarak al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok etnikli ve \u00e7ok dinli toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken Malezya\u2019da ekonomik kalk\u0131nman\u0131n, salt maddi kalk\u0131nma anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksine bundan da \u00f6te ulus-devlet s\u00fcrecini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmedeki sorunlar\u0131 ve hatta potansiyel tehlikeleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda vazge\u00e7ilmez bir \u00f6nem arz ediyordu.<\/p>\n

Mahattirli y\u0131llar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, yani 2003\u2019den 2018 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda Abdullah Ahmad Badawi ve Necib bin Razzak h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin ekonomideki belki ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde olumlu g\u00f6r\u00fclen ancak kamu vicdan\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyen geli\u015fmeler ve olumsuzluklar ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal ve siyasal taleplerin art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da k\u00f6r\u00fckl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nem, yukar\u0131da dile getirilen ulusal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 tehdit edici boyutlar\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fin anar\u015fi boyutunda ula\u015fmak yerine, toplumsal tepkiler ba\u011flam\u0131nda siyasal ve toplumsal \u2018reform\u2019 alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n giderek y\u00fckseldi\u011fi ve bunun siyasal zemininin muhalefet partilerinin ortak paydada biraraya gelmesi gibi \u00f6nemli bir sonu\u00e7 do\u011furdu.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, 2008 ve 2013 se\u00e7imlerinde k\u00f6kl\u00fc iktidar kolisyonunun federal mecliste \u00fc\u00e7te ikilik \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yitirmesi ve 13 eyaletten 5\u2019inin -daha sonraki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler bir yana- muhalefet kapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi siyasi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getiriyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler dikkate al\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131nda, 2018 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131nda ya\u015fanan siyasi tsunaminin geliyorum dedi\u011fi ortadayd\u0131. Ancak iktidar\u0131 altm\u0131\u015f y\u0131l gibi uzun s\u00fcre elinden b\u0131rakmayan g\u00fcc\u00fcn kontrol edebilece\u011fi alanlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne ra\u011fmen, \u2018reform\u2019 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yirmi y\u0131l gibi bir s\u00fcre de s\u00fcrse en az\u0131ndan siyasal iktidar de\u011fi\u015fimi ba\u011flam\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n

Elbette bu de\u011fi\u015fim, Malezya \u00f6zelinde siyasi iktidar\u0131n bir partiden di\u011ferine ge\u00e7i\u015fi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor. Aksine, sistemik kurumsal ve bunun toplumsal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak sosyal kesimler nezdinde arzu edilir ve kabul edilebilir de\u011fi\u015fimleri tetiklemesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Yeni iktidar ile \u00fclke art\u0131k \u2018Yeni Malezya\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, varsay\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fimlerin k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek ise toplumsal geli\u015fmelerin do\u011fas\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. Yeni iktidar yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan kadrolar\u0131n devlet i\u015fleyi\u015fine adapte olmalar\u0131, eskinin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve kemikle\u015fmi\u015f unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n dayanakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi siyasal ve kurumsal bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, deneme yan\u0131lma bir metod olarak kullan\u0131labilirse de, bunun yerine s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir siyasal yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, halk katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu yeni siyasal ortam ve bunun getirece\u011fi varsay\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fimleri \u00f6ng\u00f6rme, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lere adaptasyan ve aktif kat\u0131lma gibi sosyo-psikolojik gereklilikleri kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bu ve benzeri unsurlar, iktidar yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesinin ard\u0131ndan toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi i\u00e7in gerekli hususlar. Tabii bunun i\u015flerlik kazanabilmesi i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 toplumsal kesimlerin kendinde, ele\u015ftirel ve analitik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve prati\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

Bunun yerine, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k i\u00e7erisinde kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan maddi ve manevi olmayan unsurlarla ya\u015fama prati\u011fini devam ettirmek ise toplumun, en az\u0131ndan belli kesimlerine kolay geldi\u011fini de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak gerekiyor. Bu noktada, ak\u0131llara Malay-M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik \u2018pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 kavram\u0131 ve uygulamas\u0131 geliyor.<\/p>\n

Anayasaca belirlenmi\u015f olan bu hak kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015ften sirayet eden engellemelerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7me ad\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmu\u015f bu yap\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00fcn\u00fcn getirdi\u011fi ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda etnik ve dini toplum kesimleri aras\u0131nda siyasal ve ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. Uzun bir d\u00f6nem uygulama bulan bu yakla\u015f\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Malay-M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yap\u0131sal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tepki vermemesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc genellemenin i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015fa sapmamak gerekir. Bu anlamda, \u00f6rne\u011fin, \u00fclkedeki di\u011fer etnik ve dini yap\u0131lar i\u00e7erisinde ekonomik vars\u0131ll\u0131ktan pay almayan kesimlerin de oldu\u011fu dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeni iktidar\u0131n ortaya koymas\u0131 gereken ekonomik ve sosyal politikalar\u0131n \u00e7ok daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 kadar, bir o kadar da sorunlarla y\u00fczle\u015fmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Siyasal ve ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar dendi\u011finde y\u00f6netimde Malay haklar\u0131n\u0131n koruyucusu kabul edilen ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l se\u00e7imler sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lmak istenen yeni atama s\u00fcrecinin iki hafta gecikmeyle Haziran ba\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 bunun g\u00f6stergelerinden biriydi. Bu gecikmeye sebep olarak ise avukat Tommy Thomas\u2019\u0131n Malay-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmamas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015fti. Federal sultan\u0131n onay\u0131 gecikmeli gelirken, yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Malaylar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmaya devam edilece\u011fi de kamuoyuyla payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Malay-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k konusu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilen bir husus var ki o da, \u00fclkede ba\u015fka etnik yap\u0131lara mensup M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da var oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u00c7in ve Hint k\u00f6kenliler kadar, Orang Asli toplumsal gruplar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olanlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Ve bu toplumsal yap\u0131lar, yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k uygulamas\u0131ndan istifade etmek yerine, kendi ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde var olma m\u00fccadelesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam ediyorlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 31.01.2019 Malezya\u2019da son bir y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde iki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-malezya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2743"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2745,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2743\/revisions\/2745"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}