{"id":2688,"date":"2018-12-13T16:01:45","date_gmt":"2018-12-13T16:01:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=2688"},"modified":"2018-12-13T16:02:25","modified_gmt":"2018-12-13T16:02:25","slug":"yeni-malezyada-degisim-sancisi-the-pain-of-change-in-new-malaysia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/yeni-malezyada-degisim-sancisi-the-pain-of-change-in-new-malaysia\/","title":{"rendered":"Yeni Malezya\u2019da de\u011fi\u015fim sanc\u0131s\u0131 \/ The pain of change in \u2018New Malaysia\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 12.12.2018<\/strong><\/p>\n

Malezya\u2019da ge\u00e7en hafta sonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen g\u00f6steri, 9 May\u0131s\u2019taki genel se\u00e7imlerden bu yana pek fazla zaman ge\u00e7memesi nedeniyle acaba \u00fclkede ne oluyor sorusunu g\u00fcndeme getiriyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6sterinin amac\u0131, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) taraf\u0131ndan 4 Ocak 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u0131rk ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin (Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination<\/em>) h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmamas\u0131 talebiydi.<\/p>\n

Yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve de\u011fi\u015fim politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

61 y\u0131ll\u0131k Ulusal Cephe iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sona erdiren Umut Koalisyonu\u2019nun siyasi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131radan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde anlamlar ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u00d6yle ki, yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin siyasi vizyonu, \u00fclkenin \u2018Yeni Malezya\u2019 kavram\u0131 ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu. Bu kavram\u0131n neye tekab\u00fcl etti\u011fi, hangi de\u011fi\u015fimler ile an\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 veya hangi siyasi ve toplumsal zemin \u00fczerinde geli\u015ftirilece\u011fi konusunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler payla\u015f\u0131lmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, geni\u015f toplum kesimleri aras\u0131nda birli\u011fi sa\u011flama \u00e7abas\u0131, uzun s\u00fcredir g\u00fcndemde olan 1 Malezya Kalk\u0131nma Fonu (1MDB) ve di\u011fer yolsuzluklar\u0131n \u00fczerine gidilmesi, aralar\u0131nda \u00fcst d\u00fczey siyasilerin de bulundu\u011fu \u015fah\u0131slar hakk\u0131nda davalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015feffaf devlet yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na kap\u0131 aralayacak uygulamalara ad\u0131m at\u0131lmas\u0131, ad\u0131na dev projeler denilen ancak \u00fclkeyi baz\u0131 d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kontrol\u00fcne devretme \u015feklinde zuhur eden yat\u0131r\u0131mlara k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilmesi gibi politikalar olumlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulurken, tam da bu noktada g\u00fcndeme gelen g\u00f6sterinin nedenleri \u00fczerinde durmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

BM s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fbakan Dr. Mahathir Muhammed\u2019in Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda BM genel kurul a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, s\u00f6z konusu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanaca\u011f\u0131na duyurmu\u015ftu. Ancak Ba\u015fbakan\u2019\u0131n \u00fclkeye d\u00f6nmesinin ard\u0131ndan, Malezya kamuoyunda \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7evrelerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi tepki ve hassasiyet nedeniyle bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu geri ad\u0131m\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 61 y\u0131l boyunca iktidar bulunmu\u015f olan ve bug\u00fcnse muhalefet konumunda bulunan koalisyon blo\u011funun en b\u00fcy\u00fck orta\u011f\u0131 ve bu anlamda omurgas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden Birle\u015fik Malay Ulusal Organizasyonu (UMNO) partisi ile Malezya \u0130slam Partisi\u2019nin (PAS) \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen g\u00f6steri, h\u00fck\u00fcmete bir g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 verme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Temelleri anayasan\u0131n 153. Maddesi\u2019nde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulan \u2018Malay\u2019 haklar\u0131n\u0131n kaybedilmesi endi\u015fesinin neden oldu\u011fu bir tepki s\u00f6z konusudur. \u2018Yeni Malezya\u2019 olu\u015fturma iddias\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin BM\u2019nin ilgili s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini imzalamas\u0131, Malay etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nan haklar\u0131n\u0131n kaybedilece\u011fi endi\u015fesine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu noktada, Malaylar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve kabul\u00fc belirleyici bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor. \u00d6yle ki, haklar konusu Malay etnik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131ktan ne\u015fet eden verili ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesinin \u00f6tesinde, ayn\u0131 zamanda mensubu olduklar\u0131 \u0130slam\u2019a y\u00f6nelik bir tehlike olarak da yorumlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi yasalar\u0131 ve toplumsal ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n

BM\u2019nin bu ilgili s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yeni kazanan \u00fclkelerde s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminden kalan uygulamalar\u0131 sona erdirmeyi ama\u00e7layan ve etnik farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n neden olabilece\u011fi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in g\u00fcndeme getirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Malezya\u2019n\u0131n, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi marifetiyle \u00e7ok etnikli bir toplumsal yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin izlerini kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 talepler oldu\u011fu biliniyor. \u00d6zellikle, \u00c7in ve Hint k\u00f6kenli Malezyal\u0131lar ve k\u0131smen de olsa M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Malay toplum taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirilen konu, 9 May\u0131s se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde de Umut Koalisyonu\u2019nun se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

1981-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ilk ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Dr. Mahathir bu y\u00f6ndeki talepleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmesine ra\u011fmen, 9 May\u0131s se\u00e7imlerinin ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa oturmas\u0131yla, verilen se\u00e7im vaadinin de yerine getirilmesi bekleniyordu. Zaten Ba\u015fbakan\u2019\u0131n BM\u2019deki konu\u015fmas\u0131nda da bu y\u00f6ndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymas\u0131 bu niyetin bir ifadesiydi.<\/p>\n

Ancak ortada kayda de\u011fer bir \u00e7eli\u015fkinin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor. Malezya\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ana etnik yap\u0131s\u0131 olan, yani M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Malay, \u00c7inli ve Hintli toplumun liderlerinin 1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda gelen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6ncesinde \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netiminin nezaretinde yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde siyasi y\u00f6netim, ekonomi gibi alanlar\u0131n etnik temelli ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131 araland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sosyo-ekonomik geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve \u2018pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Malay toplumuna \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminde tek s\u00f6z sahibi olma rol\u00fc bi\u00e7ilmesine ra\u011fmen, aradan ge\u00e7en zaman zarf\u0131nda sosyo-ekonomik kalk\u0131nmadan arzu edilen \u015fekilde yararlanamamalar\u0131, 1969 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki se\u00e7imlerin hemen akabinde patlak veren anar\u015fi s\u00fcrecinin ya\u015fanmas\u0131na sebebiyet verdi.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke, yakla\u015f\u0131k birbu\u00e7uk y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle Ulusal g\u00fcvenlik komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilirken, bir daha b\u00f6ylesi anar\u015fi ortam\u0131na meydan verilmemesi ad\u0131na M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Malaylara \u2018pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 olarak da de\u011ferlendirilen Ulusal Ekonomi Program\u0131 (National Economic Program<\/em>) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek ekonomi politikas\u0131 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edildi.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Malaylara devlet sekt\u00f6rlerindeki istihdamda, e\u011fitimde, yat\u0131r\u0131mda vb. alanlarda \u00f6ncelik ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tan\u0131yan uygulaman\u0131n toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik bir giri\u015fim oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 kadar, bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi nedeniyle, di\u011fer toplum kesimlerine y\u00f6nelik negatif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k olarak da g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte hafta sonunda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6steri de, Malay milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ile \u2018\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n birarada sergilenmesine neden olan husus, bug\u00fcne kadar bu etnik ve de dini yap\u0131ya y\u00f6nelik pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 endi\u015fesinden kaynaklan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Malay toplumun ekonomik kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir s\u00fcrede tamamlan\u0131p ilgili pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasas\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, kimi g\u00f6zlemcilerin dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00fczere, yerini Malay \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ulusal bir ideoloji olarak kal\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1971\u2019de al\u0131nan kararlar salt ekonomi i\u00e7erikle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmay\u0131p, aksine toplumsal ve siyasal bir s\u00fcreci y\u00f6netmeye matuf bir politika haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, \u00fclkede etnik yap\u0131lar aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 sona erdirmeyen aksine bu ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli k\u0131lan bir hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, bu durum, bir ulus-devlet olma iddias\u0131ndaki Malezya\u2019n\u0131n, bu konuda ne denli ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorular\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getiriyor. \u00dclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00fcrecine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ekonomik kaynaklar ve bu kaynaklar\u0131n toplumsal kesimler aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 toplumsal birli\u011fin, ulus-devlet ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131na yeter olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu ise her daim g\u00fcndemde oldu.<\/p>\n

Malay birli\u011fi iddias\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6sterideki kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 profiline ve s\u00f6ylemlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Malay-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumun birlik i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi akla gelebilir. Ancak, \u00f6zellikle 1990\u2019lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren \u00e7ok etnikli siyasi partilerin kurulmas\u0131 ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan koalisyon bloklar\u0131 temelde Malay-M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda birlikten s\u00f6z etmeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bunun belki de en iyi \u00f6rne\u011fi, UMNO ile PAS\u2019\u0131n hi\u00e7bir zaman biraraya gelmemi\u015f, hatta birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131yas\u0131ya ele\u015ftirel tav\u0131r alm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Hafta sonundaki birlik g\u00f6sterisine ra\u011fmen, 1990\u2019dan bu yana PAS\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netimindeki Kelantan eyaleti m\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc g\u00f6sterinin ulusal bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in sak\u0131ncas\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekerek iptali y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar belirtmesi de konunun siyasi ve\u00e7hesinin farkl\u0131la\u015fmalarla birlikte devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Umut Koalisyonunun, siyasi ve toplumsal yap\u0131da yapmay\u0131 vaat etti\u011fi reformlarla Yeni Malezya olu\u015fturma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, belki de ilk ciddi zaafiyetini bu son geli\u015fme ile g\u00f6stermi\u015f oluyor. Her \u00fclkenin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc toplumsal ve siyasal do\u011fas\u0131na uygun yasalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine hakl\u0131l\u0131k vermekle birlikte, mevcut durum Malezya\u2019y\u0131 G\u00fcney Sudan, Kuzey Kore ve Myanmar gibi \u00a0\u00fclkelerle ayn\u0131 kategoride yer almas\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.dunyabulteni.net\/analiz\/yeni-malezyada-degisim-sancisi-mehmet-ozay-h434562.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 12.12.2018 Malezya\u2019da ge\u00e7en hafta sonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen g\u00f6steri, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-malezya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2688"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2690,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2688\/revisions\/2690"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}