{"id":2673,"date":"2018-12-04T19:17:56","date_gmt":"2018-12-04T19:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=2673"},"modified":"2018-12-05T14:03:46","modified_gmt":"2018-12-05T14:03:46","slug":"acede-bir-siyasi-hareket-ve-tarihsel-gerceklik-a-political-movement-in-aceh-and-historical-reality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/acede-bir-siyasi-hareket-ve-tarihsel-gerceklik-a-political-movement-in-aceh-and-historical-reality\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00e7e\u2019de bir siyasi hareket ve tarihsel ger\u00e7eklik \/ A political movement in Aceh and historical reality"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 04.12.2018<\/strong><\/p>\n

Geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya ve \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 etnik yap\u0131lara ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n modern tarihinde \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunlar aras\u0131nda A\u00e7e\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan geli\u015fmeler \u00fclkede toplumsal ve siyasal de\u011fi\u015fimlerin tetikleyicisi olmakla dikkat \u00e7eker. Bunlardan biri de, Hasan di Tiro<\/a>\u2019nun 4 Aral\u0131k 1976 tarihinde d\u00fcnyaya il\u00e2n etti\u011fi A\u00e7e-Sumatra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k bildirgesidir.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e\u2019nin Endonezya\u2019ya \u00f6nc\u00fc olu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tiro, d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ruhunu i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bildirgesini ortaya koyarken, ne A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131na ne de geni\u015f Endonezya siyasal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yabanc\u0131 bir isimdir. Aksine, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi ilk gen\u00e7lik ve \u00f6\u011frenim y\u0131llar\u0131 onu bir yandan Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi \u00f6te yandan Tak\u0131madalar\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ulus-devlete evrilmesiyle Endonezya gibi bir siyasi yap\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131k olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu tan\u0131kl\u0131k, onu \u00fcniversite y\u0131llar\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda gelen Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler temsilcili\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde bizatihi siyasal hayat\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131na hem de k\u00fcresel boyutta oturtmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1976 y\u0131l\u0131na gelinen s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Tiro\u2019nun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimleri iyi okumak gerekmektedir. Uzun bir yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku olmayan bu ba\u011flam\u0131 Tiro\u2019nun s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki duru\u015fu olarak k\u0131saca de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kurulan ulus-devletin farkl\u0131 etnik yap\u0131lar\u0131 biraraya getirme, bir siyasi birlik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel oyda\u015fma sa\u011flama \u00e7abas\u0131ndaki performans\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 nedenlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fememesi \u00f6nemli bir sorun olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ancak ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, di\u011fer etnik yap\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayacak bir zenginli\u011fe sahip A\u00e7e\u2019nin, o d\u00f6nem yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6nemli toplumsal liderlerden biri olan Tiro\u2019nun bu geli\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sesini y\u00fckseltme \u00e7abas\u0131 beklenir ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir \u015fey olmas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. T\u0131pk\u0131 kendisinden \u00f6nce, bir anlamda mentor\u00fc diyebilece\u011fimiz Davud Beureuh\u2019in 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda ortaya koydu\u011fu siyasi liderlik gibi\u2026<\/p>\n

    Tiro\u2019yu 1976\u2019da k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta ses getirecek bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fa sevk eden bir di\u011fer amil ise, entell\u00fcktealizminin \u00f6tesinde bizatihi mensubu oldu\u011fu ailenin 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ve yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda oynam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu rold\u00fcr. Bu rol\u00fcn anlam ve \u00f6nemini, Tiro\u2019nun yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz bildirgesinin do\u011fas\u0131nda aramak gerekir.<\/p>\n

    Etnik milliyet\u00e7ilik olgusunda do\u011fruluk pay\u0131 aramak<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bu hareket, modern siyaset bilimciler taraf\u0131ndan etnik milliyet\u00e7ilik kavram\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klansa da, bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma ku\u015fkuyla yakla\u015fmakta fayda var. Bu geli\u015fmeyi, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan siyasi-toplumsal hareketler ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme e\u011filimi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 A\u00e7e\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Etnik milliyet\u00e7ilik kavram\u0131 ile bir ulus-devlet niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 arzu edilen, -ki belli noktalarda bunda herhangi bir sak\u0131nca oldu\u011fu da s\u00f6ylenmeyebilir- Endonezya ba\u011flam\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde A\u00e7e\u2019nin bir s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7ine hapsedilmesi i\u00e7ten i\u00e7e vurgulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, A\u00e7e\u2019de ortaya konulan siyasi hareketi etnik kavram\u0131 ile tan\u0131mlama \u00e7abas\u0131, bir anlamda ikincil, ard\u0131l ba\u011flam\u0131 ile ortaya konulmaktad\u0131r. Oysa A\u00e7e, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z site devletlerinden denizci bir millet olmaya kadar uzanan kadim tarihi ve siyasi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fartlar\u0131nda bir etnik yap\u0131ya indirgenebilecek boyutta sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu anlamda A\u00e7e-Sumatra davas\u0131n\u0131, modern bat\u0131 sosyal bilimleri penceresinden bak\u0131larak de\u011ferlendirilmek yerine, konuya daha geni\u015f perspektiften bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 perspektifi, kendini modern s\u00fcre\u00e7leri anlamland\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 nedeniyle ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 sosyal bilimlerinin, \u00f6zelde siyaset bilimi ve sosyolojisinin Bat\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 anlama \u00e7abas\u0131ndan hareketle t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda, Bat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 toplumlara y\u00f6n verme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci y\u00f6nelimler ve kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00d6yle ki, bug\u00fcn ad\u0131na Endonezya denilen \u00fclkenin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi ve hatta antropolojik ba\u011flam\u0131 ile de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, ad\u0131na \u2018Malay\u2019 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 denilen topluluklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Yar\u0131mada ve Tak\u0131madalar k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda ula\u015fan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine dikkat \u00e7ekilmelidir.<\/p>\n

    Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, sadece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir mek\u00e2n ve k\u0131sa bir zaman dilimi i\u00e7inde de\u011fil, aksine giderek tedrici yay\u0131lma s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle, t\u00fcm Tak\u0131madalar\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine alarak geni\u015fleme g\u00f6steren s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemlerinde, A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131nda var olan siyasi-sosyal yap\u0131n\u0131n duru\u015fu \u00f6ncellenerek anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kurulan ulus-devletler d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da da \u00e7e\u015fitli handikaplar\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve bu handikaplar var olmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. Bu noktada, mevcut ulus-devlet yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 kadar, bu s\u00fcrece d\u0131\u015fardan bir akt\u00f6r olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6ren s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n neden oldu\u011funu ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Tam da bu noktada, Tiro\u2019nun yine i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu d\u00f6nemin siyasi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda mevcut yap\u0131y\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci d\u00f6nemin uzant\u0131s\u0131 telakki eden s\u00f6ylemine dikkat \u00e7ekmek gerekir. A\u00e7e\u2019nin, daha 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l son \u00e7eyre\u011finden itibaren s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci Hollanda\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 aktif olarak verdi\u011fi uzun erimli m\u00fccadelenin, t\u00fcm Tak\u0131madalar\u2019da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ruhunu ve m\u00fccadelesine y\u00f6n verdi\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131.<\/p>\n

      Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 A\u00e7e\u2019de ortaya konulan m\u00fccadele vatan ve adalet kavramlar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenirken, bu y\u00f6nelimin 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kurulan ulus-devlet yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda da olmas\u0131n\u0131 yani vatan birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde adalet sisteminin yerle\u015ftirilmesini istemesindeki istikrarl\u0131 duru\u015f g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n

      Bu anlamda, Tiro\u2019nun hareketinin siyasi ve felsefi arka pl\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 iyi de\u011ferlendirmek ve tarihi s\u00fcreci bu ba\u011flamda ortaya koymak gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 04.12.2018 Geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyaya ve \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2677,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2673"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2673\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2680,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2673\/revisions\/2680"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}