{"id":2582,"date":"2018-10-12T17:17:56","date_gmt":"2018-10-12T17:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=2582"},"modified":"2018-10-12T17:40:44","modified_gmt":"2018-10-12T17:40:44","slug":"endonezya-dogal-afetlerle-mucadelede-ii-the-aid-work-and-natural-disasters-in-indonesia-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/endonezya-dogal-afetlerle-mucadelede-ii-the-aid-work-and-natural-disasters-in-indonesia-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Endonezya do\u011fal afetlerle m\u00fccadelede (II) \/ The aid work and natural disasters in Indonesia (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 12.10.2018<\/strong><\/p>\n

Endonezya\u2019da art arda gelen depremler ve tsunami bir kez daha \u00fclkede deprem, sel, toprak kaymas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ve zaman zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u2018do\u011fal\u2019 afetler sonras\u0131nda m\u00fccadelenin nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve bu konuda ne t\u00fcr yeni \u00f6nlem ve tedbirler al\u0131nabilece\u011fi konusunda tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda \u00fclkede do\u011fal afetlere referansla \u2018bir kez daha\u2019 demek bile hatal\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fclkenin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi co\u011frafyan\u0131n deniz alt\u0131 kaya katmanlar\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131ta aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 s\u00fcrekli benzer afetleri g\u00fcndeme getiriyor.<\/p>\n

Kan\u0131ksanan zaafiyet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, afetlerin meydana gelmesi ile afetlerden hemen sonra ilk yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve hemen akabinde ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 beklenen yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve rehabilitasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda iyile\u015fme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kayda de\u011fer bir geli\u015fmenin olmamas\u0131, \u00fclkenin temel sorunlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu sorunlar salt afetler s\u0131ras\u0131nda hat\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve akabinde unutulmas\u0131 \u00f6yle g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor ki, yinelenir bir karakter halini alm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bu konuda, sorumlulu\u011fun sadece Endonezya h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00fcresel insani geli\u015fmeler ve ahlaki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ba\u015fta b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri olmak \u00fczere k\u00fcresel kamuoyunun da bir \u00e7aba i\u00e7erisinde olmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, deprem ve tsunami vakas\u0131ndan hemen sonra kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yaz\u0131m\u0131zda<\/a>, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00dclkeleri \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi (ASEAN) ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) gibi uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n verdikleri s\u00f6zlere at\u0131fta bulunmu\u015ftum.<\/p>\n

Sulavesi halen yard\u0131m bekliyor!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k iki hafta \u00f6nce, Sulavesi Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n orta b\u00f6lgesindeki Palu \u015fehrini ve civar yerle\u015fim yerlerini vuran deprem ve tsunami sonras\u0131nda, Endonezya h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ortaya koydu\u011fu performans yukar\u0131da dile getirdi\u011fim ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015f\u0131mdan birincil derecede pay al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6yle ki, bu fel\u00e2ketin ard\u0131ndan iki hafta ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen, halen ilk yard\u0131m ve kurtarma ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilecek s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde eksikliklerin var oldu\u011funa g\u00f6nderme yapan haberlerin g\u00fcndeme gelmesi tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ger\u00e7ek boyutuna i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joko Widodo\u2019nun felaketten \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra uluslararas\u0131 yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler kayda de\u011fer yard\u0131m s\u00f6zleriyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermelerine ra\u011fmen\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Merkeziyet\u00e7i yap\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm m\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do\u011fal afetler sonras\u0131 yard\u0131m ve kurtarma faaliyetlerinde, kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve devlet b\u00fcrokrasisinde ilgili birimlerin, diyelim ki yard\u0131mla m\u00fccadeleden sorumlu olanlar\u0131n, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve etkisini en \u00fccra b\u00f6lgeye kadar g\u00f6stermesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

Sulavesi\u2019deki fel\u00e2ket sonras\u0131nda da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere merkez yani, ba\u015fkent Cakarta ve\/ya Cava Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n belirli merkezlerinde konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015f olan yard\u0131m ve kurtarma birimleri etkin ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir \u00e7aba i\u00e7in yeterli olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada.<\/p>\n

Temel yard\u0131m ve kurtarma faaliyeti s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fclkede yard\u0131m konusunda tecr\u00fcbe sahibi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilecek kurum yetkililerinin, \u2018her fel\u00e2ketten ders \u00e7\u0131karmak zorunda olduklar\u0131\u2019 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcllere su serpmedi\u011fi gibi, gelecek i\u00e7in de pek \u00fcmitvar etmiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00dcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck, ayn\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n temsilcilerinin sorumlulu\u011fu bu konuya ayr\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00e7elerle ifade etme \u00e7abalar\u0131 ise, \u2018para\u2019 ile ili\u015fkili konularda \u015feffafl\u0131k, kontrol, verimlilik gibi zaten sorunlu olan bir \u00fclke ve y\u00f6netimin a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n sadece do\u011fal afetlerle m\u00fccadele ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dolayl\u0131 olarak ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu yetkililerin pi\u015fkinlikle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n aksine, ortaya konulan baz\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n bile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir niteli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fclmemi\u015f olmas\u0131, ortada sistemik bir sorunun oldu\u011funun en bariz kan\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biri.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgede, tsunami uyar\u0131 sistemini sa\u011flayan teknik ara\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 bir yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n arzu edilir bir rasyonalite ile i\u015flerlik kazand\u0131r\u0131lamamas\u0131 belki de ilgili kurumlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde durmas\u0131 gereken konu.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131k\u0131lan binalar alt\u0131nda kalanlara ula\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak teknik alt yap\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilememi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve bu konuda sadece merkeze ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ulusal h\u00fck\u00fcmet kadar, yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin de bu konuda acziyetleri ve eksikliklerine i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n fel\u00e2ketine konu olmu\u015f bir \u00fclkenin do\u011fal afetler sonras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan durumla m\u00fccadelede sadece b\u00fct\u00e7elerle halledilebilecek bir konu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, aksine insan kaynaklar\u0131 ve yeterlili\u011fi konusunda ciddi ad\u0131mlar atmas\u0131 ve bunda s\u00fcreklilik arz etmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Birbiri ard\u0131na tezat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, hem bas\u0131n\u0131n hem devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n fel\u00e2ket olgusuna nas\u0131l yakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve resmettiklerini resmi kurumlar\u0131 temsil eden g\u00f6revlilerle ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Aralar\u0131nda \u00f6rne\u011fin \u2018ulusla ilk yard\u0131m ve kurtarma\u2019 birimleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere resmi makamlar\u0131 temsil eden yap\u0131lar\u0131n giyim-ku\u015fam ve ara\u00e7 vb. gibi donan\u0131mlar noktas\u0131nda \u2018g\u00f6z boyay\u0131c\u0131\u2019 varl\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, sahada ma\u011fdurlara ula\u015fma ve devam\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan aksakl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda bir t\u00fcr tuhafl\u0131k sezinlenmiyor de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Vur emri kime?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Orta Sulavesi\u2019de ya\u015fanan deprem ve tsunaminden birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra b\u00f6lge sorumlusu komutan ya\u015fanan ya\u011fma olaylar\u0131ndan hareketle g\u00f6rev yapan birliklere \u2018vur\u2019 emri verildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu. Komutan, felaketin ard\u0131ndan ilk iki g\u00fcn halk\u0131n ma\u011fduriyetini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak bu t\u00fcr vakalara m\u00fcsahama g\u00f6sterdiklerini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Toplumsal d\u00fczenin akamete u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilir durumlardan biri olan ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadele \u00f6nemlidir. Ancak kendi halk\u0131na, hele hele ma\u011fduriyeti son noktaya dayanm\u0131\u015f bir kitleyi hedef alan s\u00f6zler devletin koruyuculu\u011fu ve \u015fefkatine muhta\u00e7 kitleye yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Sivil y\u00f6netime ba\u011fl\u0131 ordu mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi meselesi bile \u00fclkede felaketler sonras\u0131 toplumsal ili\u015fkilerdeki bir ba\u015fka zorlu alan olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. B\u00f6lgede g\u00f6rev yapan askeri birliklerin, sanki ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele izlenimi veren tam te\u00e7hizatl\u0131 donan\u0131mlar\u0131, halka yard\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fil bir t\u00fcr g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6sterisi yapma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olarak ortaya konuluyor.<\/p>\n

Bir ter\u00f6r ortam\u0131nda bulunuyormu\u015f izlenimi veren askerin, sadece k\u0131l\u0131k k\u0131yafetindeki detaylar de\u011fil dikkat \u00e7eken. \u00c7e\u015fitli kereler tan\u0131k olundu\u011fu \u00fczere, kuvvetle muhtemelen depremzedelere tav\u0131r ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na da yans\u0131yacak d\u00fczeyde bir genel tutum farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131ndan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Yard\u0131mla m\u00fccadelede \u201cgotong-royong\u201d modeli <\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu noktada, dikkat \u00e7ekmek istedi\u011fim bir de\u011fer var. Belki de unutulan bir de\u011fer\u2026<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da dikkat \u00e7ekilen modern kurumsal yap\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, geleneksel-dini bir ba\u011flamda ortaya konan ve ad\u0131na \u2018gotong-royong\u2019 denilen yard\u0131mla\u015fma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bu t\u00fcr fel\u00e2ket d\u00f6nemlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu \u00fczerinde de durmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Resmi \u00e7evreler, zaman zaman baz\u0131 pragmatik ama\u00e7lar do\u011frultusunda g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 bu yard\u0131mla\u015fma modeli afetler gibi reel ortamda nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buluyor acaba?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 12.10.2018 Endonezya\u2019da art arda gelen depremler ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endonezya","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2582"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2586,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2582\/revisions\/2586"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}