{"id":2503,"date":"2018-08-17T18:47:37","date_gmt":"2018-08-17T18:47:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=2503"},"modified":"2018-08-17T18:51:45","modified_gmt":"2018-08-17T18:51:45","slug":"endonezya-bagimsizliginda-ace-sembolu-symbol-of-aceh-in-the-independence-of-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/endonezya-bagimsizliginda-ace-sembolu-symbol-of-aceh-in-the-independence-of-indonesia\/","title":{"rendered":"Endonezya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir sembol olarak A\u00e7e \/ Aceh as a symbol in the independence of Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a017.08.2018<\/strong><\/p>\n

17 A\u011fustos, Endonezya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funun 73. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olarak kutlan\u0131yor. 17 A\u011fustos 1945 tarihi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in temel al\u0131nsa da, \u00fclkenin uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evrelerce yani o d\u00f6nemin yeni k\u00fcresel g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ABD ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan 1949\u2019da tan\u0131nmas\u0131na kadar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi verdi.<\/p>\n

Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda A\u00e7e-Japon ili\u015fkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Endonezya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na giden s\u00fcrecin belki de son etaplar\u0131ndan biri 1940\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Japonya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u2018Asya Asyal\u0131lar\u0131nd\u0131r\u2019 ilkesiyle hareket ederek t\u00fcm G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya topraklar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z ve Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden temizleme giri\u015fimi bu ba\u011flamda belirleyici bir geli\u015fmeye i\u015faret eder. Her ne kadar, Bat\u0131l\u0131 siyaset bilimciler ve tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan Japonlar\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Japon \u0130\u015fgali\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lsa da, o d\u00f6nemki geli\u015fmeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgale u\u011fram\u0131\u015f toprak par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak nitelememek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli nedenler var.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nem, Malay Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019na \u00e7\u0131kan ve hen\u00fcz Sumatra Adas\u0131\u2019na ge\u00e7memi\u015f olan Japonlar\u0131n Sumatra\u2019da A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n organize edilmesidir. A\u00e7eli siyasi elitinin organize etti\u011fi bir heyetin Penang Adas\u0131\u2019nda Japon komutanlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi ve A\u00e7e k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Hollanda ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Japonlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, A\u00e7e\u2019deki varl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Japonlar ile A\u00e7eli siyasi elit aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En az\u0131ndan, Japonlar\u0131n vaatlerinden d\u00f6nme gibi bir riski \u00fcstlenene kadar\u2026<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Hint Okyanusu\u2019nun do\u011fusuna s\u0131n\u0131r te\u015fkil etmesi ve burada Japon birliklerinin b\u00f6lge siyasi elitiyle \u2018dayan\u0131\u015fma\u2019 i\u00e7inde hareket etmesi, Hindistan ve Sri Lanka\u2019da askeri \u00fcstlere \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olan \u0130ngiliz birliklerinin herhangi bir hareket kabiliyetinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc alma gibi bir stratejik \u00f6neme de haizdi.<\/p>\n

Japonlar\u0131n sadece A\u00e7e ve Sumatra topraklar\u0131ndaki de\u011fil, Java Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da Endonezya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin k\u0131sa vadede hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in maddi bir neden te\u015fkil ediyordu. Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, ne A\u00e7eliler ile Japon g\u00fc\u00e7leri, ne de Cava\u2019daki milliyet\u00e7i \u00e7evreler ile Japon y\u00f6netimi aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeler ve hatta \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor. Tabii bu uzun bir hikaye\u2026 Burada dikkat \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m husus, A\u00e7e siyasi elitinin Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutumu ile Japonlarla hangi ba\u011flamlarda yan yana durma stratejisi geli\u015ftirmeleriyle al\u00e2kal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1945 mi 1949 mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkenin uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda gelmi\u015fti gelmesine. Pasifik Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sona ermesi ard\u0131ndan Japonlar\u0131n teslim olmas\u0131yla, \u0130ngilizler deste\u011finde Hollanda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgaline maruz kalan Tak\u0131madalar\u2019daki bu yeni ulusun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k olgusuna dayanak te\u015fkil eden ise 1945-1949 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, d\u00f6rt y\u0131l boyunca Tak\u0131madalar\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131n\u0131n herhangi bir i\u015fgal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcdahalesine konu olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc A\u00e7e Eyaleti ile Kuzey Sumatra eyaleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden yerde, o d\u00f6nem Hollanda birlikleri, Kuzey Sumatra\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti ve bug\u00fcn de eyalet ba\u015fkenti ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Medan \u015fehrine girerken, A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131na n\u00fcfuz etmemi\u015fler veya edememi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7e bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Buraya kadar de\u011findi\u011fim hususlar, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda yer alan bir geli\u015fmeye at\u0131f yapmak i\u00e7indi. O da, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joko Widodo\u2019nun (Jokowi) sabahki kutlamalarda A\u00e7e geleneksel k\u0131yafeti ile kutlamalara kat\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu sembolik eylemin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131da de\u011findi\u011fim hususlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00d6yle ki, Jokowi\u2019nin bu sembolik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn konu oldu ve olmaya devam ediyor. Geleneksel k\u0131yafet derken, folklorik bir \u00f6zellik anla\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bundan \u00f6te, A\u00e7e Dar\u00fcsselam Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Muhammed Davud \u015eah\u2019\u0131n 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hollanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimine teslim olurken, bug\u00fcn A\u00e7e valilik konuk evi olarak kullan\u0131lan o d\u00f6nemki Valilik binas\u0131ndaki foto\u011fraflarda \u00fczerinde bu giysi bulunuyordu. Yani, bug\u00fcn devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Jokowi\u2019nin A\u00e7e k\u0131yafeti A\u00e7e siyasi elitinin resmi ortamlarda giydi\u011fi bir protokol giysisiydi.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir not olarak az \u00f6nce zikretti\u011fim \u2018teslim\u2019 ifadesini bir zafiyet, devletin siyasi mevcudiyetini ve iddias\u0131n\u0131 sona erdirdi\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlanmamal\u0131. Aksine, d\u00f6nemin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131, ailesinin Hollanda birliklerince teslim al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, bizzat kendisi s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimine teslim olurken, devletin ve de m\u00fccadelenin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi konusunda herhangi bir ad\u0131m atmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, bug\u00fcn Endonezya devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu bu sembolik eylemin b\u00f6ylesi bir siyasal g\u00f6nderme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, bu eylemin, \u00fclkenin merkezinden \u00e7ok uzakta olan bir beldenin tarihsel \u00f6nemini g\u00f6stermekle de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamal\u0131y\u0131z. Ba\u015fkan\u0131n bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, A\u00e7e olmasayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn Tak\u0131madalar\u2019da herhangi bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131ktan s\u00f6z edilebilir miydi sorusunu da sordurtmaya yetiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, \u00fclkenin kurucu babas\u0131 Sukarno\u2019nun 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n maddi ve manevi temellerinin at\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda A\u00e7e\u2019ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaretlere ra\u011fmen, 1949 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Kuzey Sumatra Eyaleti\u2019ne ba\u011flanmak istenmesinin A\u00e7eliler nezdinde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tepki, A\u00e7e siyasi ve toplumsal haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 tetikleyerek silahl\u0131 bir m\u00fccadeleye kap\u0131 aralamas\u0131na sebep oluyordu. Di\u011fer baz\u0131 eyaletlerde de ne\u015fet eden ve Endonezya topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slami bir siyasi ve toplumsal nizamla idaresini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren m\u00fccadelenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, A\u00e7e\u2019nin \u00f6zerklik taleplerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

1950\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131nda bir kez daha A\u00e7e\u2019ye verilen s\u00f6zle bar\u0131\u015fa kap\u0131 araland\u0131. Aradan pek fazla s\u00fcre ge\u00e7meden A\u00e7elileri toplumsal ve siyasal-ekonomik ba\u011flam\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde geri b\u0131rakacak politikalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir kez daha m\u00fccadeleci haf\u0131zan\u0131n g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla, 70\u2019lerin ortas\u0131nda bir kez daha ve kimilerinin ad\u0131na \u2018sek\u00fcler\u2019 bir hareket dedi\u011fi bir hareket ortaya beliriyordu. Bu geli\u015fme, tarihsel birikimin g\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 anlam\u0131nda yeni bir A\u00e7e hareketi anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Endonezya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 devam etmeli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarihte b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli bir devletini olu\u015fturan A\u00e7e topraklar\u0131n\u0131n, modern d\u00f6nemde Endonezya Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bir eyalet konumunda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesine ra\u011fmen, her daim g\u00f6zlerin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lge olarak dikkat \u00e7ekiyordu.<\/p>\n

Otuz y\u0131l\u0131 bulan m\u00fccadele, 2004 y\u0131l\u0131 sonundaki deprem ve tsunaminin ard\u0131ndan 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Helsinki Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile bir kez daha bar\u0131\u015fa yol bulurken, A\u00e7eliler siyasi ve toplumsal haf\u0131za zenginliklerine g\u00fcvenle bu bar\u0131\u015fa girerken, merkezi y\u00f6netimin oda\u011f\u0131ndaki \u00e7evrelerde, acaba A\u00e7eliler bir kez daha bir m\u00fccadeleye girer mi endi\u015fesini bar\u0131nd\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n

Biraz uzunca ifade etme zarureti duydu\u011fum 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan geli\u015fmeler sonras\u0131nda bug\u00fcn 73. y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131nda devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Jokowi\u2019nin geleneksel A\u00e7e k\u0131yafetiyle bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde gelece\u011fe g\u00fcvenle bak\u0131lmas\u0131 mesaj\u0131n\u0131 vermesi olduk\u00e7a anlaml\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a017.08.2018 17 A\u011fustos, Endonezya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funun 73. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endonezya","category-gunluk-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2503"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2506,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2503\/revisions\/2506"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}