{"id":2309,"date":"2018-03-14T09:36:22","date_gmt":"2018-03-14T09:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/?p=2309"},"modified":"2018-03-14T09:47:56","modified_gmt":"2018-03-14T09:47:56","slug":"sekulerlesme-teorilerinin-acmazi-the-dilemma-of-secularization-theories","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/sekulerlesme-teorilerinin-acmazi-the-dilemma-of-secularization-theories\/","title":{"rendered":"Sek\u00fclerle\u015fme Teorilerinin A\u00e7maz\u0131 \/ The Dilemma of Secularization Theories"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a014.03.2018<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avrupa, \u00f6zellikle de Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7 Orta\u00e7a\u011f ve erken modern d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumsal, siyasal ve de dini de\u011fi\u015fimlerin tarihi sosyal bilimlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda gizli ya da a\u00e7\u0131k egemen bir olgudur. Bat\u0131\u2019da tecr\u00fcbe edilen de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin teoriler kulvar\u0131nda dillendirilmesi i\u00e7in, di\u011fer baz\u0131 te\u015febb\u00fcslere ra\u011fmen, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 beklemek gerekiyordu. Bu s\u00fcrecin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc safhas\u0131nda, \u00f6rne\u011fin k\u00fcresel ili\u015fkilerde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan hususiyet siyaset temelli olsa da, bunun ard\u0131nda daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir analitik yakla\u015f\u0131mla ele al\u0131nmay\u0131 gerektiren derinlik s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, sek\u00fclerle\u015fme kavram\u0131 ve bunun \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen s\u00fcre\u00e7ler bize baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermesiyle dikkat \u00e7eker. Burada temel sorun, bu dikkati \u00e7ekebilecek bir duru\u015f ve yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sergileyebilmekle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6ylemek gerekir. Tam da bu minvalde sek\u00fclerle\u015fme bizi ni\u00e7in bu kadar ilgilendirmektedir sorunu ortaya atabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u00fcr bir \u2018bilimsel\u2019 \u00e7aba olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, b\u00f6ylesi bir ilgide hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. \u015eayet bununla, ad\u0131na Bat\u0131 denilen co\u011frafyada ya\u015fayan toplumlar\u0131n tarihi tecr\u00fcbelerinin genelle\u015ftirilmesi ve bunun t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya toplumlar\u0131na mal edilmesinin s\u00f6z konusu bu toplumlar\u0131 anlamland\u0131rmadaki i\u015fe yararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade ediliyorsa, o zaman di\u011fer toplumlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tecr\u00fcbeleri nereye koyaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sorunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asl\u0131nda 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda sosyal bilimler alan\u0131 olarak do\u011fan, \u2018toplumu\u2019 do\u011frudan ilgilendiren \u2018bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve \u00fcretme\u2019 s\u00fcrecinin, yine Bat\u0131 toplumlar\u0131nda erken modern d\u00f6nemden sanayile\u015fmeye uzanan geni\u015f d\u00f6nemlerin birikimini yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortadad\u0131r. Sosyal bilimler i\u00e7erisinde bir c\u00fcz olan sosyoloji\u2019de, sek\u00fclerle\u015fme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na g\u00f6z at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ad\u0131na toplum denilen b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc anlama \u00e7abas\u0131 kadar ve belki de bundan da \u00f6te, Bat\u0131 toplumlar\u0131na yeni bir toplumsal yap\u0131 kazand\u0131rma ve ya\u015fanan, ya\u015fanacak de\u011fi\u015fimleri y\u00f6nlendirme ve y\u00f6netebilme iddias\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ve ard\u0131ndan giderek Ana K\u0131ta ile akabinde, ad\u0131na Anglo-Sakson denilen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f toplumlar\u0131ndaki sosyal ili\u015fkilerin \u2018sek\u00fclerle\u015fme\u2019 ekseninde yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131, t\u00fcm bu toplumlar\u0131n tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle ilintisi ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u015fu veya bu bi\u00e7imde yine de anlaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddia edilebilir. Bu h\u00e2l ve durumda dahi, sek\u00fclerle\u015fme olgusu \u00fczerine kafa yoranlar\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar ortaya koyduklar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve, bizatihi ortak bir noktada bulu\u015fmaktan ziyade, par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f ve hatta par\u00e7alanmaya devam eden s\u00fcre\u00e7ler olmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu noktada, ortada bir atomizasyon s\u00fcrecinden bahsetmek dahi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bug\u00fcn \u2018sek\u00fclerle\u015fme\u2019 karma\u015fas\u0131 ile gelinen noktada, diyelim ki, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131nda olan bitenler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dikkatlerden uzak tutulansa di\u011fer co\u011frafyalarda ne olup bitti\u011fidir. Sek\u00fclerle\u015fme tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n derdi \u2018din\u2019 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerindeki dini inan\u00e7 ve kurumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131n geni\u015f toplumla ili\u015fkilerini ortaya koymak, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi sek\u00fclerle\u015fme kavram\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr sorusunu da beraberinde getirmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ancak bu iddian\u0131n safl\u0131k boyutunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 yer, bu zikredilen temelde Avrupa ve uzant\u0131s\u0131 co\u011frafyalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f co\u011frafyalar \u00fczerinde ya\u015fam s\u00fcren toplumlar olacakt\u0131r. Sek\u00fclerle\u015fmenin ve bu kavram\u0131n \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen teoriler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l olup da her t\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, dini ve medeniyet temelleri ve yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ile Bat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 toplumlar\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi ve etkilemeye devam etti\u011fi hususu \u00fczerinde durulmay\u0131 hak etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sek\u00fclerle\u015fme teorileri ba\u011flam\u0131nda Bat\u0131l\u0131 ve de Bat\u0131 modernle\u015fmesini bir \u2018template\u2019 olarak kullanan toplumlar\u0131n sosyal ger\u00e7ekliklerini anlama ve y\u00f6n verme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te akamete u\u011framak bir yana, karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131ya evrildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu a\u00e7maz\u0131, belki de sek\u00fclerle\u015fme olgusu ile bu olgunun ne\u015fet etti\u011fi toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi yeniden ele almakla ba\u015flamak gerekmektedir. Bu yap\u0131l\u0131rken, elbette bu s\u00fcreci \u2018<em>template<\/em>\u2019 olarak kendine dev\u015firen toplumlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funun ise daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mehmet \u00d6zay \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a014.03.2018 Avrupa, \u00f6zellikle de Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gunluk-yazilar","category-sosyoloji-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2309"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2310,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2309\/revisions\/2310"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guneydoguasyacalismalari.com\/tr_tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}